لاdo not يُعجِبَنَّكَimpress you (emphatic) صاحِبٌa companion
لا يُعجِبَنَّكَ صاحِبٌ
حَتّىuntil تَبَيَّنَyou discern ماwhat طِباعُهhis character
حَتّى تَبَيَّنَ ما طِباعُه
Never let a companion impress you
A friend should not delight you
until you discern his character:
Until you understand his nature
ماذاwhat يَضَنُّhe is stingy بِهِwith it عَلَيtoward (continued)
ماذا يَضَنُّ بِهِ عَلَي
كَyou (suffix) وَماand what يَجودُgives freely بِهِwith it اِتِّساعُهhis ample means
كَ وَما يَجودُ بِهِ اِتِّساعُه
what he withholds from
What does he hoard from you
you, and what his ample means freely give;
And how generous is he in his breadth
أَوor ماwhat الَّذيthat which يَقوىhe has strength عَلَيfor (continued)
أَو ما الَّذي يَقوى عَلَي
هِit (suffix) وَماand what يَضيقُis constrained بِهِby it ذِراعُهhis arm
هِ وَما يَضيقُ بِهِ ذِراعُه
or what he has the strength
Or what is it that he can bear
for, and what his arm cannot bear;
And what straitens his arm
وَإِذاand when الزَمانُtime رَمىpelted صَفاrock (continued)
وَإِذا الزَمانُ رَمى صَفا
تَكَyour (completes 'your rock') بِالحَوادِثِwith calamities ماwhat دِفاعُهhis defense
تَكَ بِالحَوادِثِ ما دِفاعُه
and when time pelts your rock
And when time casts arrows
with calamities, what defense he offers.
At your cheeks with events, what is his defense
فَهُناكَthen and there تَعرِفُyou know ماwhat اِرتِفاrise (continued)
فَهُناكَ تَعرِفُ ما اِرتِفا
عُcompletes 'rise' هَوىaffection أَخيكَyour brother’s وَماand what اِتِّضاعُهits fall
عُ هَوى أَخيكَ وَما اِتِّضاعُه
Then you will know how high
It is there you recognize
your brother’s affection rises, and how low it sinks.
The height of your brother's love and his humility
Sol 6.1