1. وما رأسُه مثنىً وتأخيرُ جوفيهِ

    إذا دارَ شهرٌ حَلَّ من أَشهُر العرَب

    And what is it whose head is doubled, and whose two inner letters are moved back—

    When turned, a month from among the Arabs' months appears?

  2. وإن زالَ منهُ الرسمُ اصبح عاملاً

    برفعٍ وتصبر حُكمُهُ ليسَ يُجتَنَب

    And if its written mark disappears, it becomes a grammatical governor,

    Assigning the nominative; and be patient—its rule is not avoided.

  3. وفي قلبِهِ داءٌ يَعِزُّ لهُ الشِفا

    وأكثَرُ ما تَلقاهُ في المَعزَ والعَرَب

    And in its heart is an ailment for which a cure is hard to find.

    And most often you encounter it among goats and Arabs.

  4. فسَقياً لهُ داءَ إذا اتئد ما

    بهِ أَفادَكَ أمراً في اختبار أُولِى الرِيَب

    So may rain bless it, an ailment—if you proceed slowly over what

    Is in it, it gives you a means of testing those under suspicion.

  5. وثُلثاهُ قُوتُ الناسِ والهمسُ والتُقَى

    ومعكوسهُ مَولىً عن الناظرِ احتَجَب

    And its two-thirds are people's sustenance, whispering, and piety.

    And its reverse is a lord concealed from the onlooker.

  6. فتوجيههُ بالعجزِ يأتي مُقابلاً

    لكسرٍ حياهُ اللَهُ جبراً بلا نَصَب

    So orienting it by its ending yields the opposite

    Of breaking—God bless it—a mending without toil.

  7. وتصحيفُهُ قُوتٌ وبالدِينِ عالمٌ

    وتجري بهِ الأقلامُ في النَهيِ والطَلَب

    And its altered dotting yields food and a scholar of religion.

    And pens run with it in prohibitions and requests.

  8. وحرفٌ لا يحابٍ يُطابقُ قولنا

    أَلَا الشرُّ فاحذَرُهُ تَرَ الخيرَ عن كثبُ

    And a letter that shows no favor matches our saying:

    Take heed of evil: beware of it, and you will see good close at hand.

  9. ويَنقُظُهُ الراوُون طُرّاً وإنَّهُ

    لَيُنِبئُنا ما مرَّ في سالف الحُقَب

    And the narrators all dot it [reading uncertain], and indeed it

    Surely tells us what happened in ages long past.

  10. لهُ دُرَّةٌ ان غُيّبت صار موطناً

    لدُرٍ جزيلٍ ثُمَّ نِيطَ بهِ السَخَب

    It has a pearl: if hidden away, it becomes a dwelling

    For abundant pearls; then clamor is attached to it.

  11. بدورُ فَيلقَى في الفيافي مربّضاً

    وفي صَدرِ سَمحٍ إذ رأى الوَفدَ ما احتَجَب

    Full moons; so it is found lying at rest in the wilderness,

    And in the breast of a generous man who did not withdraw when he saw the delegation.

  12. يُسِيغُ لنا الأَقواتَ في دَوَرانِه

    على قلبهِ القاسي إذا المَطَرُ انسكب

    It makes our foods easy to swallow as it turns

    Upon its hard heart, when the rain pours down.

  13. وما زالَ ما بين الممالك قائماً

    تليهِ ملوك الأرضِ عَمداً وعن سَبَب

    And it has always stood between the kingdoms,

    The kings of the earth undertaking it deliberately and for a reason.

  14. بنسكينهِ الأفراحُ والسِلمُ للورى

    وتحريكهِ الأَتراحُ والحُزنُ والحَرَب

    By stilling it [reading uncertain], joy and peace come to mortals;

    And moving it brings sorrows, grief, and war.

  15. وعِترةُ مَرء في الأَنام وصَحبُهُ

    وأَنصارُهُ الأَخيارُ في الغَم والطَرَب

    And a man's kin among mankind, and his companions,

    And his good supporters in sorrow and joy.

  16. يَهُبُّ فتلقاهُ جَنُوباً وشَمأَلاً

    وأَشهاهُ في وادي حَماةَ وفي حَلَب

    It blows: you encounter it as a south wind and a north wind.

    And it is most delightful in the valley of Hama and in Aleppo.

  17. وممَّا بهِ من خيرةٍ ومنافعٍ

    بَنُو الناس فيهِ لا يَزالُ لهم أَرَب

    And because of the goodness and benefits it holds,

    The children of men never cease to desire it.

  18. لأهل النُجاشي نِسبةٌ فهو مُبدَلٌ

    وكلٌّ إلى نقلٍ وتصحيفٍ أَنتَسَب

    It has a link to al-Najashi's people; thus it is a substituted form.

    And each traces its origin to transposition and altered dotting.

  19. مُردافهُ ينحوهُ بالقلبِ حازمٌ

    ويَشناهُ ذو جهلٍ تعرَّى من الأَدَب

    A resolute man seeks its synonym by reversal,

    And an ignorant man stripped of courtesy hates it.

  20. ومطرودهُ إِمَّا تَولاهُ كوكبٌ

    فبعضُ ربى نجدٍ علا سائِرَ الهِضَب

    And its unreversed form, if a star takes charge of it,

    Is then one of Najd's heights, rising above all other hills.

  21. ومعكوسُهُ كَفَّارةٌ عن مآثمٍ

    لتمحيض ذَنبٍ يقتضي الشجبَ والغَضَب

    And its reverse is an atonement for sins,

    To purge a sin calling for condemnation and anger.

  22. وفي نَقلهِ الأيني تُهدَى مطاعمٌ

    وربَّ صِحافٍ دُونَها الهَيجُ والصَخَب

    And in its positional transposition, foods are offered,

    And many a platter has tumult and clamor before it.

  23. هُوَ اسمٌ ثُلاثيٌّ ولا ثُلثَ سالمٌ

    لهُ لا ولا نِصفٌ ولا رَبعَ يُحتَسَب

    It is a three-letter name, and no intact third

    Belongs to it—no; nor can a half or a quarter be reckoned.

  24. ولا سُدسهُ والسبعُ منهُ مصححٌ

    ولا ثُمنُهُ والعُشرُ ناجٍ من العَطَب

    Nor its sixth, while a seventh of it is exact;

    Nor its eighth, while a tenth escapes ruin.

  25. ولكنَّ ثُلثَيهِ إذا كان ثانياً

    لإِثنيهِ صارَ قولَنا خُذ ولا نَهَب

    But two-thirds of it, when placed second

    To its two, becomes our saying, 'Take,' without plunder.

  26. وإن زبدَ أَوَّلُهُ بخطٍ فضاهلٌ

    ومَلكٌ على ذي المُلك إِكرامُهُ وَجَب

    And if its first letter is increased by a stroke [reading uncertain], then [unclear],

    And a king whose honoring is incumbent upon the possessor of sovereignty.

  27. هو النِصفُ منهُ والدٌ غيرُ عارفِ

    زواجاًَ ولم يُعرَف بأُمٍ ولا بأب

    Half of it is a father who has never known

    Marriage, nor has he been known to have a mother or father.

  28. وثلثاهُ كلٌ منهما حرفَ عُجمةٍ

    مُحاذٍ أراء غير راء ولا عَجَب

    And its two-thirds: each is a letter from a foreign tongue,

    Aligned, [unclear], other than rāʾ—and no wonder.

  29. ثُنائيُّ أَسماء ثُلاثيُّ أحرفٍ رُباعيُّ

    تكوينٍ حَمَى البَيضَ واليَلَب

    Twofold in names, threefold in letters, fourfold

    In formation; it protected helmets and leather shields.

  30. خُماسيُّ جيشٍ حيثُ قامَ خمسُهُ سُداسيُّ

    أَنحاء ففكِّر ولا تَهَب

    Fivefold as an army, where its five divisions stand, sixfold

    In directions—so reflect, and do not fear.