حكمmaxims اخصI reserve بهاwith them منادمةintimate converse الفكرthought
حكم اخص بها منادمة الفكر
وأخصهاand I reserve them بذويfor those possessing الغرامpassionate love منamong البشرhumankind
وأخصها بذوي الغرام من البشر
Maxims I reserve for intimate converse with thought,
Wisdom I impart, to the company of thought confided
And I reserve them for those in love among humankind.
And confide to lovers among mankind
حكمmaxims تخرّfall down لهاbefore them المسامعthe ears سجداًprostrate
حكم تخرّ لها المسامع سجداً
فتثيبهاso they reward them الدرّpearls الفريدpeerless المبتكرnewly fashioned
فتثيبها الدرّ الفريد المبتكر
Maxims before which ears fall prostrate,
Wisdom to which ears bow down prostrate
And which reward them with peerless, freshly wrought pearls.
Exquisite, unique pearls it offers in return
شهدتattested بدائعهاtheir marvels بأنto the fact that مديرهاtheir dispenser
شهدت بدائعها بأن مديرها
خدمserved الغرامpassionate love وقامand stood فيهin it علىin خطرperil
خدم الغرام وقام فيه على خطر
Their marvels attest that their dispenser
I bear witness to its wonders, that its director
Has served passion and stood within it in peril,
Served passion and endangered himself for its sake
ودعاand called لدينto the faith of الحبlove فيduring فتراتهits lulls
ودعا لدين الحب في فتراته
والحبand love أحسنthe finest ماwhat يسامis sought وماand what يسرis concealed
والحب أحسن ما يسام وما يسر
And preached the faith of love during its lulls;
And summoned the religion of love in its isolation
And love is the finest of what is sought and what is concealed.
And love is the best that can be named and facilitated
حسنتwere fine قوانينthe laws of الأمورaffairs وإنماyet
حسنت قوانين الأمور وإنما
قانونهits law يسبيtakes captive العقولminds بلاwithout وترa bowstring
قانونه يسبي العقول بلا وتر
The laws of worldly affairs are fine, yet
It refined the laws of affairs, although
Love's law takes minds captive without a bowstring.
Its law takes reason captive, devoid of excuse
فترىthus you see بدستورunder the code of الغرامpassionate love أسيرناour captive
فترى بدستور الغرام أسيرنا
لاnot يفتدىis ransomed وقتيلناand our slain one دمهhis blood هدرunavenged
لا يفتدى وقتيلنا دمه هدر
Thus, under passion's code, you see our captive
You see, by passion's constitution, our prisoner
Unransomed, and our slain one's blood unavenged.
Is not to be ransomed, and our murdered, his blood wasted
دانتsubmitted لطاعتهto obeying it الجوارحthe limbs واختفىand it hid itself
دانت لطاعته الجوارح واختفى
ويجلand is exalted عنbeyond حدa limit ووقتand a time ينتظرthat is awaited
ويجل عن حد ووقت ينتظر
The limbs submitted to its rule, while it stayed hidden,
The limbs are obedient to it, and it is concealed
And it transcends any limit or awaited hour.
Sublime, beyond limit or appointed time to expect
وبعكسand contrary to طبعthe nature of المرءa person ينفذtakes effect أمرهits command
وبعكس طبع المرء ينفذ أمره
وجرىand came to pass القضاءthe decree of fate بأنthat يطاعit be obeyed إذاwhen أمرit commands
وجرى القضاء بأن يطاع إذا أمر
And its command takes effect against a person's nature,
Contrary to person's nature, its command enforced
And fate decreed it must be obeyed when it commands.
And the decree enforced that it be obeyed when ordered
يستخرجdraws forth الدرpearls الفريدpeerless منfrom النهىthe intellect
يستخرج الدر الفريد من النهى
ويهذِّبand refines الأخلاقcharacter فيin زمنthe time of الصغرchildhood
ويهذِّب الأخلاق في زمن الصغر
It draws peerless pearls from the intellect,
It extracts exquisite pearls from prohibition
And refines character in the years of childhood,
And refines morals in the days of youth
ويعطِّرand perfumes الأرواحsouls فيwith نفحاتهits fragrant breaths
ويعطِّر الأرواح في نفحاته
ويخلدand immortalizes الذكرrenown الجميلbeautiful المفتخرworthy of pride
ويخلد الذكر الجميل المفتخر
And perfumes souls with its fragrant breaths,
Its breaths perfume the souls
And immortalizes fair renown worthy of pride.
And eternalizes proud, glorious memory
واحذرand beware لحاظthe glances of الغيدgraceful maidens إنif لمnot تستطعyou can
واحذر لحاظ الغيد إن لم تستطع
صبراًpatient endurance وكنand be منagainst سودهنtheir black eyes علىon حذرguard
صبراً وكن من سودهن على حذر
And beware the glances of graceful maidens, if you cannot
Beware the glances of the gazelle, if you can't
Bear them patiently; and guard against their black eyes.
Endure, and be of their intensity wary
واسلمand escape unharmed بنفسكwith your own life إننيindeed, I لكto you ناصحa sincere adviser
واسلم بنفسك إنني لك ناصح
وسلand ask الخبيرthe expert بهاin them ودعand abandon خططthe courses of الخطرdanger
وسل الخبير بها ودع خطط الخطر
And keep yourself safe; I am your sincere adviser.
Surrender yourself, for I advise you well
And ask one versed in them, and forsake paths of peril.
And ask the expert of it, and dangerous schemes forswear
ودعand let النفوسsouls تميسsway فيin روضthe garden of المنىwishes
ودع النفوس تميس في روض المنى
طمعاًin longing ولاand do not تجنِpluck الثمارthe fruits منfrom الشجرthe trees
طمعاً ولا تجنِ الثمار من الشجر
And let souls sway in the garden of wishes,
Let souls revel in the meadows of delight
In longing; and do not pluck fruit from the trees.
Greedily, and do not pluck fruit from the trees
فالحبfor love أصدقهits truest form لدىamong العشاقlovers ماthat which
فالحب أصدقه لدى العشاق ما
عزَّتare hard to attain مطالبهits aims وعزand is rare المصطبرthe steadfast sufferer
عزَّت مطالبه وعز المصطبر
For among lovers, the truest love is that
For love, its requests are truest for lovers
Whose aims are hard to attain, and whose steadfast sufferer is rare.
The more stubborn, the more valued by the steadfast
واحفظand preserve حديثthe tale of الحسنbeauty عمنfrom one who قدalready رأىsaw
واحفظ حديث الحسن عمن قد رأى
منsome of آيهits signs الكبرىthe greatest وماand did not زاغstray البصرsight
من آيه الكبرى وما زاغ البصر
And retain the tale of beauty from one who has seen
And keep the account of the Beauty from one who has seen
Some of its greatest signs, his sight never straying.
The great sign, whose sight did not waver
والحسنand beauty لاnot تسعcan encompass العبارةexpression وصفهits description
والحسن لا تسع العبارة وصفه
وتطاولand strove to rise الشعراءthe poets فيهconcerning it منbecause of القصرshortness
وتطاول الشعراء فيه من القصر
And beauty's description is beyond the compass of words,
And Beauty, prose can't capture its description
And poets have stretched to reach it, for they fall short.
As poets fall short in describing it
وانظرand look إلىat شعرthe hair of المليحthe fair one ظفيرةa braid
وانظر إلى شعر المليح ظفيرة
ظفرتhas won بتقبيلin kissing المواطىءthe trodden ground والأثرand the footprint
ظفرت بتقبيل المواطىء والأثر
And look at the fair one's hair: a braid
Look at the hair of the smooth-cheeked beloved
That has won the privilege of kissing his trodden ground and footprints.
She won my kisses, the imprints victorious
وكأنهاand as though it were ألفan alif بليتwas afflicted بجرهاwith its dragging (genitive marking)
وكأنها ألف بليت بجرها
ماnot كنتI used to أعهدknow قبلهاbefore it ألفاًan alif تجرbeing dragged (made genitive)
ما كنت أعهد قبلها ألفاً تجر
And it is like an alif afflicted with being dragged;
As if she gathered what had scattered before her
Before it, I had never known an alif to be 'dragged' into the genitive.
Not what I was used to gathering and scattering
وانظرand look لطرّتهat his forelock وغرّتهand his radiant brow معاًtogether
وانظر لطرّته وغرّته معاً
وأدرand turn لحاظكyour gaze فيin الصباحmorning وفيand in السحرthe predawn hour
وأدر لحاظك في الصباح وفي السحر
And look at his forelock and his radiant brow together,
Consider her dimple and her pride together
And turn your gaze through morning and the predawn hour;
And glance shyly, in dawn and at night
ترَyou will see آيتينtwo signs ومنand among عجائبthe wonders of ماwhat ترىyou see
ترَ آيتين ومن عجائب ما ترى
قمرthe moon of الجمالbeauty يلوحshines منfrom فلكthe celestial sphere of الغررradiant brows
قمر الجمال يلوح من فلك الغرر
You will see two signs; and among the wonders you see
You see two wonders, miracles among what you see
Is beauty's moon, shining from the sphere of radiant brows.
The moon of beauty gleaming in a starry orbit
وانظرand look لقوسيat the two bows of حاجبيهhis two eyebrows وقدand already رمىhe shot
وانظر لقوسي حاجبيه وقد رمى
بهماwith both of them فؤادthe heart of المستهامthe lovestruck one بلاwithout وترa bowstring
بهما فؤاد المستهام بلا وتر
And look at his eyebrows' two bows: he has shot
Look at the bows of her eyebrows, which shot
The lovestruck heart with them, without a bowstring.
My heart with them, no excuse left
قرناthe two joined علىfor قتليkilling me رؤوسهماtheir two tips وماand did not
قرنا على قتلي رؤوسهما وما
أبصرتI see بينهماbetween them both طريقاًa path للمفرfor escape
أبصرت بينهما طريقاً للمفر
They joined their tips to kill me, and I have not
Bent on killing me, their heads the arrows
Seen any path between them by which to flee.
I saw between them no path to escape
وانظرand look إلىat سودthe black ones اللحاظthe eyes كأنهاas though they were
وانظر إلى سود اللحاظ كأنها
بيضwhite blades مجردةunsheathed لسفكto shed دمthe blood of البشرhumankind
بيض مجردة لسفك دم البشر
And look at the black eyes, as though they were
Look at her black eyelashes, as though
White blades unsheathed to shed human blood.
Bared swords to shed human blood
سكرىdrunken تميسsway منfrom النعاسdrowsiness وكلماand whenever
سكرى تميس من النعاس وكلما
شهرتthey bared أسنّتهاtheir spearheads يميلsways بهاwith them السكرdrunkenness
شهرت أسنّتها يميل بها السكر
Drunken, they sway from drowsiness; and whenever
Her intoxication wanders from drowsiness, and whenever
They bare their spearheads, drunkenness makes them lean.
Her tongue loosens, the drunkenness in her wanders
وانظرand look إلىat ثغرthe mouth of العقيقcarnelian وقفand stand لدىbeside
وانظر إلى ثغر العقيق وقف لدى
شفةthe lip of الجمانpearl beads وحيّand greet بارقةthe gleam of الدررpearls
شفة الجمان وحيّ بارقة الدرر
And look at the carnelian mouth, and stand beside
Consider her carnelian lips having stopped at
The lip of pearl beads, and greet the gleam of pearls.
The mouth of the beautiful cups, sparkling pearls
وانشقand inhale أريجthe fragrance of المسكmusk منfrom نفحاتهhis fragrant breaths
وانشق أريج المسك من نفحاته
وردand come to drink at اللمىthe dark hue of lips وسلand ask for التزوُّدtaking provisions بالنظرby gazing
ورد اللمى وسل التزوُّد بالنظر
And inhale musk's fragrance from his breaths;
The scent of musk splitting from her breaths
And come to drink at the dusky lips, and seek provisions through gazing.
Rousing vigour and determination to gain insight
وانظرand look إلىat جيدthe neck of الأَغنthe softly nasal-voiced one كأنهas though it were
وانظر إلى جيد الأَغن كأنه
كأسa cup منof البلورcrystal قمact بماupon what أسرhe confided
كأس من البلور قم بما أسر
And look at the soft-voiced one's neck, as though it were
Consider her ivory neck, as though
A cup of crystal; act upon what he has confided.
A drinking glass, rising with the noblest
وارقبand watch for طلوعthe rising of الفجرdawn منfrom أزرارهhis buttons
وارقب طلوع الفجر من أزراره
واعذرand excuse لطلعتهbecause of his face المؤذنthe caller to prayer فيin السحرthe predawn hour
واعذر لطلعته المؤذن في السحر
And watch dawn rise from his buttons,
And watch the dawn rising on her breast
And, for his radiant face, excuse the muezzin before dawn.
Excuse the Porter its call at dawn
وانظرand look لمختصرat the abridgment of الخصورwaists بدقّةwith precision
وانظر لمختصر الخصور بدقّة
وسلand ask الكثيبthe sand-dune يريكit will show you شرحthe commentary on المختصرthe abridgment
وسل الكثيب يريك شرح المختصر
And look closely at the 'abridgment' of waists,
Consider the knit, delicate curve
And ask the sand-dune: it will show you that abridgment's commentary.
And ask the dune to explain the summary to you
ترyou will see إنماonly بيin me منof نحولwasting away فيin الهوىlove
تر إنما بي من نحول في الهوى
فعلan act (a verb) وفاعلهand its agent (subject) الضميرthe pronoun المستترhidden
فعل وفاعله الضمير المستتر
You will see that my wasting away in love
You see but the symptoms of emaciation in passion
Is but an act, and its agent is the hidden pronoun.
Deed and its doer, the hidden pronoun
Sol 6.1