تَلاقوْاthey met بعدafter ماthat افترقواthey had parted طويلاًfor a long time
تَلاقوْا بعد ما افترقوا طويلاً
فماso not ملكواthey could control المدامعَthe tears أنto تَسيلاflow
فما ملكوا المدامعَ أن تَسيلا
They met after a long separation,
They met after long separation
And could not keep their tears from flowing.
They could not restrain their flowing tears
بقيةُa remnant فتيةٍof young men لمdid not تُبْقِleave منهمْof them
بقيةُ فتيةٍ لم تُبْقِ منهمْ
صروفُthe vicissitudes زمانِهمof their time إلاّexcept قليلاa few
صروفُ زمانِهم إلاّ قليلا
A remnant of young men, of whom
The remnant of youths from whom
The turns of their time had spared only a few.
Only a few of the turns of time remained
فيالكso, what a ... for you موقفاًoccasion أورىkindled fire وَأروىand quenched thirst
فيالك موقفاً أورى وَأروى
وَشبَّand stirred لواعجاًburning pangs وَشفىand quenched غليلاyearning's thirst
وَشبَّ لواعجاً وَشفى غليلا
What a meeting—kindling fire and quenching thirst,
What a stance you showed, more eloquent and quenching
Stirring burning pangs and soothing yearning!
Matured for adversity and relieving anguish
بكيتُI wept لمنfor whoever نجاsurvived فرحاًin joy وَحزناًand sorrow
بكيتُ لمن نجا فرحاً وَحزناً
عَلَىover منwhoever قدhad هوىfallen حرّاًfree نبيلاnoble
عَلَى من قد هوى حرّاً نبيلا
I wept in joy for those who survived, and in grief
I weep for him who survived, happily and sadly
For those who had fallen, free and noble.
For he who nobly fell in battle
وَلقياكand your meeting الخليلَthe friend وَإنْand although أخفَتْbrought relief
وَلقياك الخليلَ وَإنْ أخفَتْ
وسرّتْand lifted cares عنكfrom you تذكركreminds you الجليلاthe grave ordeal
وسرّتْ عنك تذكرك الجليلا
And meeting your friend, though it brings ease
And met you, though he hid
And lifts your cares, recalls the grave ordeal.
And concealed from you, remembering the Sublime
تراءَتْcame into view دمشقُDamascus فقمتso I rose أرنوto gaze
تراءَتْ دمشقُ فقمت أرنو
فردّso it sent back رواؤهاher splendor بصريmy gaze كليلاwearied
فردّ رواؤها بصري كليلا
Damascus came into view, and I rose to gaze;
Damascus appeared, so I looked
Her splendor sent my gaze back wearied.
And my gaze returned to it wearily
وَشاعتْand spread نشوةٌan intoxication بيthrough me منfrom شذاهاher fragrance
وَشاعتْ نشوةٌ بي من شذاها
كأنيas though I شاربٌwere drinking صرْفاًunmixed شمولاwine
كأني شاربٌ صرْفاً شمولا
And her fragrance spread an intoxication through me,
Joy spread through me from its allure
As though I were drinking pure, unmixed wine.
As if I were drinking pure wine
وَواتانيand yielded to me القريضُpoetry وَكانand had been حيناًfor a time
وَواتاني القريضُ وَكان حيناً
إذاwhen استلهمتُهI sought its inspiration كزاًgrudging بخيلاmiserly
إذا استلهمتُه كزاً بخيلا
And verse yielded to me, though for a time it had been,
Inspiration came to me at that time
When I sought its inspiration, grudging and miserly.
When I summoned it, it was miserly
كأنيas though I حينماwhen استوحيتُI sought inspiration for شعريmy poetry
كأني حينما استوحيتُ شعري
عزمتُI adjured عَلَىupon دموعيَmy tears أنto تقولاspeak
عزمتُ عَلَى دموعيَ أن تقولا
As though, when I sought inspiration for my verse,
It was as if, when I sought my poetry
I adjured my tears to speak.
I determined my tears should speak
ذهلتُI was awestruck وقدand indeed تجلّىrevealed itself الشعرُpoetry ربّاًas a god
ذهلتُ وقد تجلّى الشعرُ ربّاً
فلاso do not تنكرْreproach عَلَىin حاليmy state الذهولاbewilderment
فلا تنكرْ عَلَى حالي الذهولا
I was awestruck as poetry revealed itself a god;
I was amazed as poetry appeared divine
So do not reproach my state of bewilderment.
So do not blame my rapture
أُوَقِّعُهُI set it to a rhythm عَلَىto خَفَقَانِthe beating قلبيof my heart
أُوَقِّعُهُ عَلَى خَفَقَانِ قلبي
وَأُرسلهand I send it forth هتافاًas a cry أوor هديلاa dove's coo
وَأُرسله هتافاً أو هديلا
I set it to the rhythm of my heartbeat,
I affix it to the throbbing of my heart
And send it forth as a cry or a dove's coo.
And send it as a shout or murmur
لحنتُI sang لكمto you بهwith it لحناًa melody خفيفاlight
لحنتُ لكم به لحناً خفيفا
لأمرٍfor a reason ماunspecified وَأَرجأْتُand I postponed الثقيلاthe weighty one
لأمرٍ ما وَأَرجأْتُ الثقيلا
With it I sang you a light melody,
I sang to you with it a gentle tune
For some reason, and postponed the weighty strain.
For some matter I put off the grave
أَلمdid ... not? يكbe نغمةًa melody فيin الأذنthe ear تشجيstirring emotion
أَلم يك نغمةً في الأذن تشجي
وَعذباًand sweet بالمذاقةِto the taste سلسبيلاSalsabil (sweet-flowing water)
وَعذباً بالمذاقةِ سلسبيلا
Was it not a melody that stirred the ear,
Was it not a melody in the ear that stirs
And sweet to the taste, like Salsabil?
And smooth as the water of Salsabil to taste?
دمشقُDamascus ولستand I am not بالباغيone seeking بديلاa substitute
دمشقُ ولست بالباغي بديلا
وَعنand from عهدِthe covenant الأحبةِof loved ones لنwill not أحولاI turn away
وَعن عهدِ الأحبةِ لن أحولا
Damascus! I seek no substitute,
Damascus, and I have no substitute for it
Nor will I turn from the covenant of loved ones.
Nor will I change from the era of loved ones
ذكرتُكI remembered you واللهيبُwhile the blaze لهit has وَميضٌa flash
ذكرتُك واللهيبُ له وَميضٌ
يُنشّرُunfurls منfrom شقائِقهits poppies ذيولاtrains
يُنشّرُ من شقائِقه ذيولا
I remembered you while the blaze flashed,
I remembered you and its flames have a flash
Unfurling trains from its crimson poppies.
That sends out from its sparks long trails
لهit has وَهجٌa fierce heat إذاif وازاهflew level with it طيرٌa bird
له وَهجٌ إذا وازاه طيرٌ
رماهit struck it وَلوand even if علاit rose فيinto الجوّthe sky ميلاa mile
رماه وَلو علا في الجوّ ميلا
Its heat, if a bird flew level with it,
It has a glow that if a bird challenges
Would strike it, though it soared a mile into the sky.
It throws it back even if it flew a mile high
وَأمطرتِand rained down الرصاصُthe bullets فكانso it became وَبلاًa downpour
وَأمطرتِ الرصاصُ فكان وَبلاً
شديدَheavy الوكْفِin rainfall منهمراًpouring down وَبيلاruinous
شديدَ الوكْفِ منهمراً وَبيلا
Bullets rained down in a torrent,
And the bullets rained, so it was a torrent
Falling thickly, pouring down, ruinous.
Fiercely scathing, pouring heavily
وَهاجand raged عليَّagainst me بحرٌa sea منof سعيرٍblazing fire
وَهاج عليَّ بحرٌ من سعيرٍ
طغتْoverflowed أمواجُهits waves فغدتْso they became سيولاtorrents
طغتْ أمواجُه فغدتْ سيولا
And a sea of blazing fire raged against me;
And a sea of hell raged against me
Its waves overflowed and became torrents.
Its waves swelling and becoming floods
إذاif ما(emphatic particle) مسit touched قصراًa palace مشمخرّاًtowering
إذا ما مس قصراً مشمخرّاً
هوىit fell فأحالهso it turned it into رسماًa ruin محيلاdesolate
هوى فأحاله رسماً محيلا
Whenever it touched a towering palace,
If it touched a lofty palace
The palace fell, and the blaze made it a desolate ruin.
It collapsed turning it into ruins
فقمتُso I stood عَلَىover الرسومِthe ruins كجاهليٍّlike a pre-Islamic poet
فقمتُ عَلَى الرسومِ كجاهليٍّ
بكىhe wept over الدِمَنَthe camp traces البواليَtimeworn والطلولاand the ruins
بكى الدِمَنَ البواليَ والطلولا
So I stood over the ruins like a pre-Islamic poet,
So I rose against the structures ignorantly
Who wept over timeworn camp traces and ruins.
Weeping for the lost homes and encampments
فياso, O خدرَbower الأُباةِof the unbowed بلاwithout هوانhumiliation
فيا خدرَ الأُباةِ بلا هوان
صبرتِyou endured علىin the face of الأذىthe harm صبراًwith patience جميلاbeautiful
صبرتِ على الأذى صبراً جميلا
O bower of the unbowed, without humiliation
O you with inextinguishable stubbornness without disgrace
You endured the hurt with beautiful patience.
You were patient with harm, beautifully patient
أليسdoes not? اللهُGod يعلمknow أنَّthat نفسيmy soul
أليس اللهُ يعلم أنَّ نفسي
تعانيsuffers الهمَّsorrow والداءَand the malady الدخيلاinvading
تعاني الهمَّ والداءَ الدخيلا
Does not God know that my soul
Does not God know that my soul
Suffers sorrow and an invading malady?
Suffers sorrow and a troubling illness?
وَجدتُI found أحبتيmy loved ones إلاّexcept يسيراًa few
وَجدتُ أحبتي إلاّ يسيراً
أسيراًcaptive أوor شريداًa fugitive أوor قتيلاslain
أسيراً أو شريداً أو قتيلا
I found my loved ones, save a few,
I found few of my loved ones remaining
Prisoners, fugitives, or slain.
Captive, exiled, or killed
هُمُthey أبلواproved themselves مهادنةin conciliation وَعنفاًand force
هُمُ أبلوا مهادنة وَعنفاً
فكانواso they were فيهاin it أَهدىbetter guided سبيلاin their course
فكانوا فيها أَهدى سبيلا
They proved themselves in conciliation and in force,
They tested both defiance and peacefulness
And in these theirs was the sounder course.
And were in them the righter path
وَخطواand they wrote بالدمِwith blood المهراقِspilled سِفْراًa book
وَخطوا بالدمِ المهراقِ سِفْراً
سيروىwill be recounted بعدهمafter them جيلاًa generation فجيلاthen another generation
سيروى بعدهم جيلاً فجيلا
And with spilled blood they wrote a book,
And tread with spilled blood a journey
To be recounted after them, generation by generation.
That will give water after them to generations
لئنْeven if غُلبواthey were overcome عَلَىover حقٍa right مبينٍclear
لئنْ غُلبوا عَلَى حقٍ مبينٍ
فليسso it is not لمنfor whoever تغلّبprevailed أنto يطولاclaim superiority
فليس لمن تغلّب أن يطولا
Even if they were beaten while plainly in the right,
If they are overcome for a clear right
Their conqueror has no right to vaunt himself.
It is not for the victor to be unjust
فكمso how many منof غالبٍa victor خسرlost المعاليthe heights of honor
فكم من غالبٍ خسر المعالي
وَمغلوبٍand a vanquished man بنىbuilt مجداًglory أثيلاdeep-rooted
وَمغلوبٍ بنى مجداً أثيلا
How many a victor has lost the heights of honor,
So how many conquerors lost high values
While a vanquished man built deep-rooted glory!
And many conquered built lasting glory
رمَتْhurled بيme عنaway from دمشقDamascus نوىseparation شطونfar-distant
رمَتْ بي عن دمشق نوى شطون
غداةَon the morning أُشارفُI approached الحدثَthe event المهولاterrifying
غداةَ أُشارفُ الحدثَ المهولا
Far-flung exile hurled me away from Damascus
The winds of misfortune threw me from Damascus
On the morning I approached the dreadful event.
The day after I neared the momentous event
تمطّىsprawled الواغلونthe intruders بهاwithin her وَضاقتْand she grew cramped
تمطّى الواغلون بها وَضاقتْ
عليَّfor me فلمso not أجدْI found فيهاin her مقيلاa midday resting-place
عليَّ فلم أجدْ فيها مقيلا
The intruders sprawled in her, and she grew cramped
The usurpers swaggered there and it was straitened
For me, and I found no resting-place in her.
For me, so I could not find rest in it
وَكنتُand I would إذاwhen حُملتُI was forced عَلَىinto خنوعٍsubmission
وَكنتُ إذا حُملتُ عَلَى خنوعٍ
وَلمand did not أصلتْI unsheathe لهagainst it عَضْباًa sharp sword صقيلاpolished
وَلم أصلتْ له عَضْباً صقيلا
And whenever I was pressed into submission,
And if I was pushed to submission
And did not draw a keen, polished sword against it,
And did not bare for it a sharpened blade
"نأْيتُI drew away بجانبيwith my side وَأجبتand I answered ""كلاّabsolutely not"""
"نأْيتُ بجانبي وَأجبت ""كلاّ"""
بملءِwith the fullness of فميmy mouth وأزمعتُand I resolved الرحيلاto depart
بملءِ فمي وأزمعتُ الرحيلا
I turned aside and answered, "No!"
I said "I turn away" and answered "No"
With my full voice, and resolved to depart.
With full mouth and intended departure
أقولI say ولستand I do not أدريknow ماwhat نصيبيmy lot
أقول ولست أدري ما نصيبي
عذيراًa defender سوفwill ألقىI meet أمor عذولاa reproacher
عذيراً سوف ألقى أم عذولا
I speak, not knowing what my lot will be:
I say and do not know what my fate is
Shall I meet a defender or a reproacher?
Will I meet rationality or folly?
نقمتُI resented منin الأُلىthose who احتلواoccupied حماناour sanctuary
نقمتُ من الأُلى احتلوا حمانا
مدافعةthe resistance to الحقيقةthe truth والنكولاand reneging
مدافعة الحقيقة والنكولا
I reproached those who occupied our sanctuary
I resented the dreamers who seized our sanctuary
For resisting the truth and reneging.
Evading the truth and withdrawal
وَأخرىand another grievance أنهمthat they وَلّواset in authority عليناover us
وَأخرى أنهم وَلّوا علينا
غبياًa fool أوor دعيّاًa pretender أوor ختولاa deceiver
غبياً أو دعيّاً أو ختولا
And for this too: they appointed over us
And others who falsely turned against us
A fool, a pretender, or a deceiver,
Stupidly, prejudiced, or cowardly
أساءَhe did harm إلىto العروبةِArabhood فيin بنيهاits sons
أساءَ إلى العروبةِ في بنيها
وَشاقَقَand defied ربَّةhis Lord (likely intended) وَعصىand disobeyed الرسولاthe Messenger
وَشاقَقَ ربَّة وَعصى الرسولا
Who wronged Arabhood through its sons,
He did wrong to Arabism in its children
And defied his Lord and disobeyed the Messenger.
And quarrelled against the community disobeying the Messenger
ألحّpressed عليَّupon me حبُّthe love الشامِof al-Sham حتىuntil
ألحّ عليَّ حبُّ الشامِ حتى
رجعتُI returned إلىto الحمىthe sanctuary نضواًworn out هزيلاemaciated
رجعتُ إلى الحمى نضواً هزيلا
Love of al-Sham pressed upon me until
The love of Syria persisted with me until
I returned to the sanctuary, spent and emaciated.
I returned emaciated and feeble to the sanctuary
فربَّso many a كريمةٍnoble woman ريعتْwas startled لشيبيby my gray hair
فربَّ كريمةٍ ريعتْ لشيبي
وَأنكرتِand found strange انحنائيَmy stoop والنحولاand emaciation
وَأنكرتِ انحنائيَ والنحولا
Many a noble woman was startled by my gray hair,
So how many noble ladies smiled at my old age
And found my stoop and wasting strange.
And denied my bending over and frailty
رأَتْshe saw سِمَةَthe mark الشبابِof youth لماbecause of what علاهاhad overspread it
رأَتْ سِمَةَ الشبابِ لما علاها
منof الأشجانsorrows توشكwas about أنْto تزولاvanish
من الأشجان توشك أنْ تزولا
She saw the mark of youth, overwhelmed
She saw the mark of youth though
By sorrows, on the verge of vanishing.
The sorrows threatening to end it
وفجرand the dawn الشيبof gray hair يطويfolds away منfrom شبابيmy youth
وفجر الشيب يطوي من شبابي
ومنand from أفيائهits shadows ظلاًa shade ظليلاdeeply sheltering
ومن أفيائه ظلاً ظليلا
And the dawn of gray hair folded away my youth
And the dawn of old age folding away my youth
And the deep shade of its shadows.
And its brilliance, shading and darkening it
أسيتُI grieved عَلَىover الشبيبةِyouth وهيwhile it ضيفٌwas a guest
أسيتُ عَلَى الشبيبةِ وهي ضيفٌ
أسأتُI mistreated جوارَهits stay فنوىso it resolved القفولاto return home
أسأتُ جوارَه فنوى القفولا
I mourned my youth, a guest
I regretted youth though it was a guest
Whom I had hosted poorly, so it resolved to return home.
I was a bad host so it intended departure
وَجاوزتُand I passed الثلاثينthe thirty years اللواتيwhich
وَجاوزتُ الثلاثين اللواتي
حفلنَwere filled بكلِّwith every مرهقةexhausting ordeal حفولاto overflowing
حفلنَ بكلِّ مرهقة حفولا
And I had passed the thirty years that
And I passed the thirties, those
Were filled to overflowing with every exhausting ordeal.
Teeming with every exhausted revel
أرىI see فيin الغربِthe West أقواماًpeoples تبارواcompeting
أرى في الغربِ أقواماً تباروا
بماwith what بَهَرَdazzled النواظرَthe eyes والعقولاand minds
بما بَهَرَ النواظرَ والعقولا
I see peoples in the West competing
I see in the West peoples vying
In what dazzles eyes and minds.
With what dazzles the sights and minds
لقدindeed فرغواthey finished منwith الدنياthe world فهمّواso they aspired
لقد فرغوا من الدنيا فهمّوا
إلىto الأفلاكthe celestial spheres يبغونthey seek الوصولاarrival
إلى الأفلاك يبغون الوصولا
They have done with this world, and set their sights
They have finished with the world, so they aspire
On the celestial spheres, seeking to reach them.
To the planets, seeking to reach them
هُمُthey ملكواmastered الرياحَthe winds فسخّروهاso they harnessed them
هُمُ ملكوا الرياحَ فسخّروها
لأمرهمُto their command دَبُوراًa west wind أوor قَبُولاan east wind
لأمرهمُ دَبُوراً أو قَبُولا
They have mastered the winds and harnessed them
They controlled the winds, so subjected them
To their command, west wind or east.
To their command, gathering or dispersing
إلىto كبدِthe heart السماءof the sky سمواthey rose صعوداًascending
إلى كبدِ السماء سموا صعوداً
وَقعيانِand the floors البحارِof the seas هوَوْاthey plunged نزولاdescending
وَقعيانِ البحارِ هوَوْا نزولا
They rose to the heart of the sky,
They rose to the center of the sky ascending
And plunged to the floors of the seas.
And the depths of the seas they plummeted descending
وماand what تحتَbeneath الثرىthe soil نفذواthey penetrated إليهto it
وما تحتَ الثرى نفذوا إليه
وَسارواand they traveled فوقهabove it عرضاًbreadthwise وَطولاand lengthwise
وَساروا فوقه عرضاً وَطولا
They penetrated what lies beneath the soil,
And what is beneath the soil they penetrated
And traveled above it, across its breadth and length.
And travelled over it lengthwise and widthwise
وماand not قنعواthey were content بعلمِwith knowledge الغيبِof the unseen وَحياًthrough revelation
وما قنعوا بعلمِ الغيبِ وَحياً
فأُوتواso they were given علمهits knowledge نظراًthrough sight وَقيلاand speech
فأُوتوا علمه نظراً وَقيلا
They were not content with knowledge of the unseen through revelation,
And they were not content with unseen knowledge alive
So they were granted knowledge of it through sight and speech.
So they were given its knowledge through reasoning and saying
يرونكthey show you منwhoever بأقصىat the farthest part of الأرضthe earth جهراًplainly
يرونك من بأقصى الأرض جهراً
وَتسمعهand you hear him مجيباًanswering أوor سؤولاasking
وَتسمعه مجيباً أو سؤولا
They show you plainly one at earth's farthest end,
They see you from the furthest part of earth openly
And you hear him answering or asking.
And you hear the answerer or questioner
هُمُthey هابواstood in awe of القويَّthe strong وَقدَّروهand esteemed him
هُمُ هابوا القويَّ وَقدَّروه
وماand not اعتبرواthey regarded الضعيفَthe weak والكسولاand the idle
وما اعتبروا الضعيفَ والكسولا
They stood in awe of the strong and esteemed him,
They respected the strong and deemed him so
But gave no regard to the weak and idle.
And did not heed the weak and lazy
فإنْso if جادلتَyou argue فيfor دعواكyour claim فاجعلْthen make
فإنْ جادلتَ في دعواك فاجعلْ
بعزمِكَthrough your resolve لاnot بمنطقِكthrough your reasoning الدليلاthe proof
بعزمِكَ لا بمنطقِك الدليلا
So if you argue for your claim, make
So if you contend for your call, then make
Your resolve, not your reasoning, the proof.
Your resolve, not your logic, the proof
ولاand do not ترجِعْreturn إلىto لينٍgentleness إذاwhen ما(emphatic particle)
ولا ترجِعْ إلى لينٍ إذا ما
رأيتَyou see اللينَgentleness لاnot يغنيhelps قتيلاone slain
رأيتَ اللينَ لا يغني قتيلا
And do not return to gentleness when
And do not resort to softness when
You see that gentleness cannot help the slain.
You see softness does not avail the slain
إذاif غامرتَyou venture فيinto أمرa matter جَليلٍmomentous
إذا غامرتَ في أمر جَليلٍ
ركبتyou brave لأجلهfor its sake الخطرthe danger الجليلاmomentous
ركبت لأجله الخطر الجليلا
If you venture upon a momentous matter,
If you take a risk in a momentous matter
You brave momentous danger for its sake.
You rode its danger, high and risky
وإنْand if هاوَدتyou compromise فيover حقٍa right صريحٍunquestionable
وإنْ هاوَدت في حقٍ صريحٍ
لتعطاهso that you might be granted it طلبتَyou seek المستحيلاthe impossible
لتعطاه طلبتَ المستحيلا
And if you compromise over an unquestionable right,
And if you negotiated about an obvious right
Seeking to be granted it, you seek the impossible.
To grant it, you sought the impossible
فهذاfor this الوحشُwild beast حرٌّis free فيin الفيافيthe wastelands
فهذا الوحشُ حرٌّ في الفيافي
ففيمso why نلامُare we blamed إنْif عفناwe loathe الكبولاthe fetters
ففيم نلامُ إنْ عفنا الكبولا
For this wild beast is free in the wastelands;
This beast is free in wilderness
So why are we blamed if we loathe the fetters?
So why blame us if we were shackled?
Sol 6.1