باللَّهِwith God نَبداwe begin وبهand through Him التمامُcompletion
باللَّهِ نَبدا وبه التمامُ
وباسمِهِand in His name يُفْتَتحُis opened الكلامُspeech
وباسمِهِ يُفْتَتحُ الكلامُ
With God we begin, and through Him comes completion.
In the name of Allah we begin and end,
And in His name speech is opened.
And with His name speech is opened.
ياO طالبَseeker of العلْمِknowledge هوit المنهاجُthe path
يا طالبَ العلْمِ هو المنهاجُ
قدindeed كثُرَتhave multiplied مِنfrom دونِهshort of it الفِجاجُbranching roads
قد كثُرَت مِن دونِه الفِجاجُ
O seeker of knowledge, this is the path;
O seeker of knowledge, it is the curriculum,
many branching roads lie short of it.
Many aberrations have proliferated without it.
وكُلُّand every عِلْمٍscience فلَهُthus has فُنُونُbranches
وكُلُّ عِلْمٍ فلَهُ فُنُونُ
وكُلُّand every فَنٍّbranch فَلهُthus has عُيونُchoice essentials
وكُلُّ فَنٍّ فَلهُ عُيونُ
Every science has its branches,
Every science has techniques,
and every branch has its choice essentials.
And every art has springs.
أوَّلُهاforemost of them جوامعُcomprehensive principles of البيانِexpression
أوَّلُها جوامعُ البيانِ
وأصلُهاand their foundation معرفةُknowledge of اللِّسانِlanguage
وأصلُها معرفةُ اللِّسانِ
Foremost are the comprehensive principles of expression,
The first of them are the pillars of rhetoric,
whose foundation is knowledge of language.
And the origin is knowing the language.
فإِنَّfor indeed فيin المَجازِfigurative speech والتَّأويلِand interpretation
فإِنَّ في المَجازِ والتَّأويلِ
ضَلَّتْwent astray أساطيرُtales of ذَويthose possessing العُقُولِintellects
ضَلَّتْ أساطيرُ ذَوي العُقُولِ
For in figurative speech and interpretation
For in metaphor and interpretation,
the tales of men of reason have gone astray.
The legends of rational minds have gone astray.
حتّىuntil إِذاwhen عَرَفتَyou have learned تلكَthose الأَبنيهْforms
حتّى إِذا عَرَفتَ تلكَ الأَبنيهْ
واحدَهاtheir singular وجَمعهاand their plural والتَّثنيهْand the dual
واحدَها وجَمعها والتَّثنيهْ
Once you have learned those forms,
Until you know those structures,
their singular, plural, and dual,
Singular, plural, and dual.
طَلبتَyou pursued ماwhat شِئْتَyou wished منَof العُلومِthe sciences
طَلبتَ ما شِئْتَ منَ العُلومِ
ماwhat lies بينَbetween مَنثورٍprose إلىto مَنظومِverse
ما بينَ مَنثورٍ إلى مَنظومِ
you may pursue whatever sciences you wish,
You seek whichever science you wish,
ranging from prose to verse.
Whether prose or verse.
فَداوِso treat بالإعرابِthrough grammar والعَروضِand prosody
فَداوِ بالإعرابِ والعَروضِ
داءَكyour ailment فيin الإملالِdictation والقريضِand poetry
داءَك في الإملالِ والقريضِ
So treat, through grammar and prosody,
So cure the disease of poetry,
your ailment in dictation and poetry.
With prosody and correct language.
كِلاهُمَاboth of them طِبٌّa remedy لداءِfor the ailment of الشِّعرِpoetry
كِلاهُمَا طِبٌّ لداءِ الشِّعرِ
والفَّظِand speech منfrom لَحنٍgrammatical error بهِin it وكسْرِand metrical fracture
والفَّظِ من لَحنٍ بهِ وكسْرِ
Both are remedies for the ailments of poetry
Neither did Galenus philosophize,
and speech: grammatical error and metrical fracture.
Nor the author of the Canon, Ptolemy.
ماnot فَلْسَفَphilosophized النَّيطسُthe learned physician جالينوسُGalen
ما فَلْسَفَ النَّيطسُ جالينوسُ
وصاحبُand the author of القانونِthe Canon بَطْليْموسِPtolemy
وصاحبُ القانونِ بَطْليْموسِ
Neither Galen, the learned physician, philosophized,
Nor he called Hermes,
nor Ptolemy, author of the Canon,
Nor the author of Arcana and Euclid.
ولاnor الذيthe one whom يَدعونهthey call him بِهِرمِسِHermes
ولا الذي يَدعونه بِهِرمِسِ
وصاحبِand the author of الأَركندِthe Arkand والإقليدسِand Euclid
وصاحبِ الأَركندِ والإقليدسِ
nor the one they call Hermes,
It was the philosophy of Al-Khalil in prosody,
nor the author of the Arkand, nor Euclid,
In the sound and faulty poetry.
فَلسَفَةَthe philosophizing of الخَليلِal-Khalil فيin العَروضِprosody
فَلسَفَةَ الخَليلِ في العَروضِ
وفيand in صَحيحِsound الشِّعرpoetry والمَريضِand unsound
وفي صَحيحِ الشِّعر والمَريضِ
as al-Khalil philosophized in prosody
I have examined it and summarized,
and in sound and unsound poetry.
A precise, concise system.
وقدand indeed نظرتُI examined فيهِit فاختصرتُthen I condensed
وقد نظرتُ فيهِ فاختصرتُ
إلىinto نِظامٍa verse arrangement منهُfrom it قدindeed أحْكمتُI perfected
إلى نِظامٍ منهُ قد أحْكمتُ
I have examined it and condensed it
A summary suffices for the whole.
into a verse arrangement that I have perfected:
This summarizes the chapters of my discourse,
مُلَخَّصٍsummarized مُختصرٍconcise بديعِingenious
مُلَخَّصٍ مُختصرٍ بديعِ
والبَعضُand a part قدmay يكفيsuffice عنin place of الجميعِthe whole
والبَعضُ قد يكفي عن الجميعِ
a lucid, concise, ingenious summary;
And after it I will exemplify.
a part may suffice for the whole.
First - and God I ask for aid -
هذاthis اختصارُthe abridgment of الفَرشthe introductory exposition منfrom مقاليmy discourse
هذا اختصارُ الفَرش من مقالي
وبعدَهُand after it أقولُI speak فيthrough المِثالِthe example
وبعدَهُ أقولُ في المِثالِ
This is my abbreviated introductory exposition;
Is to know vowels and consonants,
after it I shall speak through examples.
Of all that appears on the tongue,
أوَّلُهُits first principle واللَّهِand by God أستعِينُI seek help
أوَّلُهُ واللَّهِ أستعِينُ
أنthat يُعرفَbe recognized التحريكُvowelling والسُّكُونِand lack of a vowel
أن يُعرفَ التحريكُ والسُّكُونِ
Its first principle—and I seek God's aid—
Not all written by hands.
is to recognize vowelled and unvowelled letters
Gemination appears heavy
منof كُلِّall ماthat يبدوappears علىupon اللِّسانِthe tongue
من كُلِّ ما يبدو على اللِّسانِ
لاnot كُلِّall ماthat تخُطُّهُwrite it اليَدانِthe two hands
لا كُلِّ ما تخُطُّهُ اليَدانِ
in everything that appears upon the tongue,
Counted as two letters in detail.
not everything that the hands write.
A consonant then a vowel
ويظهرُand appears التَّضعِيفُgemination فيin الثَّقيلِthe doubled sound
ويظهرُ التَّضعِيفُ في الثَّقيلِ
تَعُدُّهُyou count it حَرفَينِas two letters فيin التَّفصيلِanalysis
تَعُدُّهُ حَرفَينِ في التَّفصيلِ
Gemination appears in the doubled sound;
Like the nun in kunna and kurraka.
in analysis, count it as two letters:
Then come the feet and pillars
مُسكَّناًunvowelled وبعدَهُand after it مُحَرَّكاvowelled
مُسكَّناً وبعدَهُ مُحَرَّكا
كنُونِlike the nun of كُنَّاkunna (we were) وكراءِand like the ra of سَرَّكاsarraka (he pleased you)
كنُونِ كُنَّا وكراءِ سَرَّكا
an unvowelled one, followed by a vowelled one,
For our words they are foundations.
like the nun in kunna and the ra in sarraka.
The light foot when counted
وبعدَand after ذاthis الأَسبابُthe sababs والأَوتادُand the watads
وبعدَ ذا الأَسبابُ والأَوتادُ
فَإِنّهاfor they لقولناfor our exposition عِمادُare a support
فَإِنّها لقولنا عِمادُ
Next come the sababs and watads,
Is a vowel and consonant, no more.
for they support our exposition.
The heavy foot in explanation
فالسببُso the sabab الخَفيفُlight إِذwhen يُعدُّis counted
فالسببُ الخَفيفُ إِذ يُعدُّ
مُحَرّكٌa vowelled letter وساكِنٌand an unvowelled letter لاnot يَعْدُوexceeds
مُحَرّكٌ وساكِنٌ لا يَعْدُو
The light sabab, when counted,
Is two vowels without nunation.
is one vowelled letter and one unvowelled, no more.
The separated and joined pillars
والسّببُand the sabab الثَّقيلُheavy فيin التَّبيينِthe explanation
والسّببُ الثَّقيلُ في التَّبيينِ
حَركتانِtwo vowelled letters غَيْرnot ذيpossessing تَنوينِnunation
حَركتانِ غَيْر ذي تَنوينِ
The heavy sabab, explained plainly,
Have inhibited stuffing in their innards.
is two vowelled letters without nunation.
But they allow imperfection
والوتدُand the watad المَفروقُseparated والمَجموعُand joined
والوتدُ المَفروقُ والمَجموعُ
كِلاهُماboth of them فيin حَشْوِهِits interior مَمْنوعُbarred from alteration
كِلاهُما في حَشْوِهِ مَمْنوعُ
The separated watad and the joined watad
At the beginning, end, and separation.
are both barred from alteration within the line.
So the joined pillar, understand,
وإِنَّماand only اعتلَّunderwent modification منَof الأجزاءِthe feet
وإِنَّما اعتلَّ منَ الأجزاءِ
فيat الفصلِthe division والغائيand the ending والابتداءِand the beginning
في الفصلِ والغائي والابتداءِ
Modifications of the feet occur only
Is two vowels before a quiescent consonant.
at the division, ending, and beginning.
The separated pillar of the two
فالوتدُso the watad المَجموعُjoined منهاamong them فافْهمنْso understand well
فالوتدُ المَجموعُ منها فافْهمنْ
حركتانِtwo vowelled letters قبلَbefore حرفٍa letter قدalready سَكَنْunvowelled
حركتانِ قبلَ حرفٍ قد سَكَنْ
The joined watad among them—understand it—
Is a quiescent between two vowels.
is two vowelled letters before an unvowelled one.
So these are the pillars and feet
والوتدُand the watad المَفروقُseparated منof هذينِthese two
والوتدُ المَفروقُ من هذينِ
مُسكَّنٌan unvowelled letter بينَbetween مُحَرَّكَينِtwo vowelled letters
مُسكَّنٌ بينَ مُحَرَّكَينِ
The separated watad, of these two,
For them there is permanence and caducity.
is an unvowelled letter between two vowelled ones.
But imperfection is allowed
فهذهِso these الأَوتادُthe watads والأَسبابُand the sababs
فهذهِ الأَوتادُ والأَسبابُ
لهاthey have ثَباتٌpersistence ولهاand they have ذَهابُdisappearance
لها ثَباتٌ ولها ذَهابُ
These, then, are the watads and sababs;
Only in the beginning, end, and separation.
they may remain, and they may disappear.
So the beginning when imperfect
وإِنَّماand only عَروضُthe metre of كُلِّevery قافِيهْrhymed composition
وإِنَّما عَروضُ كُلِّ قافِيهْ
جارٍruns علىupon أجزائهِits feet الثَّمانِيَهْthe eight
جارٍ على أجزائهِ الثَّمانِيَهْ
The metre of every rhymed composition
Is called the beginning, all of it.
runs upon its eight feet.
The end of the verse is called the end,
وهاكَهاand here they are بيِّنةًclear مُصوَّرَهْdepicted
وهاكَها بيِّنةً مُصوَّرَهْ
لكُلِّfor every مَنone who عاينَهاexamines them مُفَسَّرَهexplained
لكُلِّ مَن عاينَها مُفَسَّرَه
Here they are, clearly depicted
It has no story in the stuffing.
and explained for everyone who examines them.
And all that enters the scansion
هذيthese التيwhich بهاthrough them يَقولُcomposes المُنْشِدُthe reciter
هذي التي بها يَقولُ المُنْشِدُ
فيin كلِّall ماthat يَرْجُزhe composes in rajaz أوor يُقصِّدُhe composes as a qasida
في كلِّ ما يَرْجُز أو يُقصِّدُ
These are what the reciter employs
Of imperfection allowed in poetry
in everything he composes in rajaz or as a qasida.
Is named separation by that,
كُلُّevery عروضٍmetre يَعتزيtraces its origin إليهاto them
كُلُّ عروضٍ يَعتزي إليها
وإنَّماand only مَدارُهُits turning عليهاupon them
وإنَّما مَدارُهُ عليها
Every metre traces its origin to them;
Though few know it there.
upon them alone it turns.
Elisions in verse beginnings
منهاamong them خُماسِيّانِtwo five-letter feet فيin الهجاءِspelling
منها خُماسِيّانِ في الهجاءِ
وغَيرِهاand the others مُسبَّعُseven-letter البِناءِin structure
وغَيرِها مُسبَّعُ البِناءِ
Two of them contain five written letters;
Are known by names and attributes.
the others have seven-letter structures.
Omitting a letter from the numbers’ beginnings
يدخلُهاenters them النُّقصانُreduction بالزِّحافِthrough zihaf
يدخلُها النُّقصانُ بالزِّحافِ
فيin الحشوِthe interior والعروضِand the first-hemistich ending والقوافيand the rhymes
في الحشوِ والعروضِ والقوافي
Reduction enters them through zihaf,
In each hemistich split from a pillar.
in the interior, the first hemistich's ending, and the rhymes.
Five hemistichs of the hemistichs
وإنّماand only تَدخلُit enters فيinto الأسبابِthe sababs
وإنّما تَدخلُ في الأسبابِ
لأنَّهاbecause they تُعرفُare known باضطرابِfor variability
لأنَّها تُعرفُ باضطرابِ
It enters only the sababs,
Have the first letters elided.
for they are known for their variability.
Among them is the long, the first of spheres,
فكُلُّso every جزءٍfoot زالَdisappeared منهُfrom it الثانيthe second letter
فكُلُّ جزءٍ زالَ منهُ الثاني
منof كُلِّall ماthat يَبدوappears علىupon اللِّسانِthe tongue
من كُلِّ ما يَبدو على اللِّسانِ
Every foot from which the second letter disappears,
And longest construction for the poet.
among the letters uttered by the tongue,
Elision enters it, called catalexis,
وكانَand was حرفاًa letter شانُهُits condition السُّكونُlack of a vowel
وكانَ حرفاً شانُهُ السُّكونُ
فإنَّهthen it عنديin my view اسمُهُits name مَخْبونُmakhbun
فإنَّه عندي اسمُهُ مَخْبونُ
when that letter is unvowelled,
If followed by syncopation, it's called acatalexis.
is called makhbun in my terminology.
Al-waafir, which revolves the second
وإنْand if وجدتَyou find الثانيَthe second letter المنْقوصاremoved
وإنْ وجدتَ الثانيَ المنْقوصا
مُحرَّكاًvowelled سَمَّيْتهُyou call it المَوْقُوصاmawqus
مُحرَّكاً سَمَّيْتهُ المَوْقُوصا
If you find that the missing second letter
Upon it - an attentive ear comprehends -
was vowelled, you call it mawqus.
Elision enters its beginning
وإنand if يَكُنْit is مُحَرَّكاًvowelled فَسكِّناthen make it unvowelled
وإن يَكُنْ مُحَرَّكاً فَسكِّنا
فذلكَthen that المُضمَرُmudmar حَقاًtruly بَيِّناclearly
فذلكَ المُضمَرُ حَقاً بَيِّنا
If it is vowelled, then make it unvowelled:
In the first part of the parts.
that is clearly and truly mudmar.
It is called lame, whenever
والرابعُand the fourth letter الساكِنُunvowelled إذْwhen يَزُولُdisappears
والرابعُ الساكِنُ إذْ يَزُولُ
فذلكَthen that المَطويُّmatwi لاnot يَحولُchanges
فذلكَ المَطويُّ لا يَحولُ
When the unvowelled fourth letter disappears,
Syncopation follows, it's called halt.
that is invariably matwi.
If it's lame then syncopated,
وإنْand if يَزُلْdisappears خامسُهُits fifth letter المسكَّنُunvowelled
وإنْ يَزُلْ خامسُهُ المسكَّنُ
فذلكَthen that المَقبوضُmaqbud فهوand it يحسُنُis pleasing
فذلكَ المَقبوضُ فهو يحسُنُ
If its unvowelled fifth letter disappears,
That's the example, not unknown.
that is maqbud, and it is pleasing.
Al-hazaj, which is the bracelet
وإنand if يكُنis هذاthis الذيwhich يَزولُdisappears
وإن يكُن هذا الذي يَزولُ
مُحرَّكاًvowelled فإنّهُthen it المَعقولُma'qul
مُحرَّكاً فإنّهُ المَعقولُ
If the letter that disappears
Revolving the third upon it.
is vowelled, the foot is ma'qul.
Elision enters it, called limping,
وإنْand if يكُنْit is محرَّكاًvowelled سَكَّنْتهُyou make it unvowelled
وإنْ يكُنْ محرَّكاً سَكَّنْتهُ
فَسمِّهِthen call it المَعصوبَma'sub إنْif سمَّيتَهُyou name it
فَسمِّهِ المَعصوبَ إنْ سمَّيتَهُ
If it is vowelled and you make it unvowelled,
It is ugly, know and understand.
call it ma'sub when you name it.
Until, when following the elision
وإنand if أزَلتَyou remove سابعَthe seventh of الحُروفِthe letters
وإن أزَلتَ سابعَ الحُروفِ
سَمَّيتهُyou call it إذat ذاكَthat time بالمَكْفُوفِmakfuf
سَمَّيتهُ إذ ذاكَ بالمَكْفُوفِ
If you remove the seventh letter,
You call it mutilated, when you name it.
you then call it makfuf.
Al-ashtar, the hybrid verse,
كُلُّevery زِحافٍzihaf كانَoccurring فيin حَرفَينِtwo letters
كُلُّ زِحافٍ كانَ في حَرفَينِ
حَلَّoccurs مِنَwithin الجُزءِthe foot بمَوْضِعَينِat two positions
حَلَّ مِنَ الجُزءِ بمَوْضِعَينِ
Every zihaf affecting two letters
Whose last part is syncopated.
occurs at two positions within the foot.
This, and nothing else, can freely
فإنَّهfor it يُجْحِفُseverely diminishes بالأجزاءِthe feet
فإنَّه يُجْحِفُ بالأجزاءِ
وهوَand it يُسمَّىis called أقبحَthe ugliest of الأسماءِthe names
وهوَ يُسمَّى أقبحَ الأسماءِ
It severely diminishes the feet
Enter hemistichs and any rhyme.
and receives the ugliest names.
And the allowed impairments altogether
فكُلُّso every ماform in which سُكَّنَwas made unvowelled منهُof it الثانيthe second letter
فكُلُّ ما سُكَّنَ منهُ الثاني
وأسقطand was dropped الرابعُthe fourth letter فيin اللِّسانِpronunciation
وأسقط الرابعُ في اللِّسانِ
Every foot whose second letter is made unvowelled
Have no place in the stuffing.
and whose fourth is dropped in pronunciation
Three are called beginning,
فذلكَthen that المَخزولُmakhzul وهوand it يَقْبُحُis ugly
فذلكَ المَخزولُ وهو يَقْبُحُ
فحيثُماso wherever كانَit occurs فليْسَit is not يَصْلُحُsuitable
فحيثُما كانَ فليْسَ يَصْلُحُ
is makhzul, an ugly form;
Separation, and end in the parts.
wherever it occurs, it is unsuitable.
Enjambment is outside their shape
وإنْand if يَزُلdisappears رابعُهُits fourth letter والثّانيand the second
وإنْ يَزُل رابعُهُ والثّاني
ذاكَthat one وذاand this one فيwithin الجُزءِthe foot ساكِنانِboth unvowelled
ذاكَ وذا في الجُزءِ ساكِنانِ
If its fourth and second letters disappear,
Its action contrasts with theirs.
both being unvowelled within the foot,
For they left conformity
فإنّهُthen it عنديin my view اسمهits name المخبولُmakhbul
فإنّهُ عندي اسمه المخبولُ
يقصِّرُshortens الجزءَthe foot الَّذيwhich يطولُis long
يقصِّرُ الجزءَ الَّذي يطولُ
its name, in my terminology, is makhbul;
And truncation and completeness are allowed in it.
it shortens a foot that was long.
The like of this is allowed in stuffing
وكلand every جزءٍfoot فيin الكتابِthe book يدركُis encountered
وكل جزءٍ في الكتابِ يدركُ
يسكنis made unvowelled منهof it الخامسُthe fifth letter المحركُvowelled
يسكن منه الخامسُ المحركُ
Every foot encountered in the book
Not like meter, hear me.
whose vowelled fifth letter is made unvowelled,
Every impaired in scansion and ode and rajaz
وأُسقطَand was dropped السابعُthe seventh letter وهوand it يسكنُis unvowelled
وأُسقطَ السابعُ وهو يسكنُ
فذلكَthen that المنقوصُmanqus ليسَnot يحسنُis pleasing
فذلكَ المنقوصُ ليسَ يحسنُ
and whose seventh, itself unvowelled, is dropped,
Is not allowed in stuffing or verse.
is manqus, an unpleasing form.
But Al-Khalil allowed it
وسابعُand the seventh of الجزءِthe foot وثانيهِand its second إذاwhen
وسابعُ الجزءِ وثانيهِ إذا
كانَis يعدcounted ساكناًunvowelled ذاكَthat one وذاand this one
كانَ يعد ساكناً ذاكَ وذا
When the seventh and second letters of the foot
Gambling when evidence failed him.
are both counted as unvowelled,
Every living creature of Eve's children
فأسقِطاthen drop both بأَقبَحِthrough the ugliest الزِّحافِzihaf
فأسقِطا بأَقبَحِ الزِّحافِ
سُمِّيَis called مشكولاًmashkul بلاwithout اختلافِdisagreement
سُمِّيَ مشكولاً بلا اختلافِ
then drop both through the ugliest zihaf:
Is not immune from mistakes.
it is called mashkul, without disagreement.
So the verse's beginning, if impaired,
هذاthis الزِّحافُzihaf لاnot سواهُanything else فاسْمَعِso listen
هذا الزِّحافُ لا سواهُ فاسْمَعِ
يُطلقُis permitted فيin الأَجزاءِthe feet ماso long as لمnot يُمنَعِis prohibited
يُطلقُ في الأَجزاءِ ما لم يُمنَعِ
This, and no other, is zihaf—so listen:
Is wholly named the beginning.
it is permitted in the feet unless prohibited.
The verse's end is called the end,
والعِلَلُand the metrical modifications التيwhich تجوزُare permissible أَجمعُall
والعِلَلُ التي تجوزُ أَجمعُ
وليْسَand there is not فيin الحَشوِthe interior لهنَّfor them مَوضعُa place
وليْسَ في الحَشوِ لهنَّ مَوضعُ
All the permissible metrical modifications
It has no story in the stuffing.
have no place in the interior.
All that enters the scansion
ثلاثةٌthree تُدعىare called بالابتداءِbeginning
ثلاثةٌ تُدعى بالابتداءِ
والفَصلِand division والغايةِand ending فيwithin الأَجزاءِthe feet
والفَصلِ والغايةِ في الأَجزاءِ
They are three, called beginning,
Of allowed impairment in poetry
division, and ending within the feet.
Is named separation by that,
والاعتمادُand i'timad خارجٌfalls outside عنof شَكلهاtheir pattern
والاعتمادُ خارجٌ عن شَكلها
وفِعْلُهُand its operation مُخالفٌdiffers لفِعْلهاfrom their operation
وفِعْلُهُ مُخالفٌ لفِعْلها
I'timad falls outside their pattern,
Though few know it there.
and its operation differs from theirs.
And enjambment between verses
لأَنَّهمْbecause they قدindeed تَركواabandoned التزامَهْrequiring it
لأَنَّهمْ قد تَركوا التزامَهْ
وجازَand was permitted فيهin it القبضُqabd والسَّلامَهْand the intact form
وجازَ فيه القبضُ والسَّلامَهْ
For they have abandoned making it obligatory,
In corresponding hemisitichs
allowing both qabd and the intact form there.
Neither is wholly omitted in poetry
ومثلُand the equivalent of ذاكthat جائزٌpermissible فيin الحشْوِthe interior
ومثلُ ذاك جائزٌ في الحشْوِ
فنَحوُso the category of هذاthis غيرُdiffers from ذاكَthat النَّحوِcategory
فنَحوُ هذا غيرُ ذاكَ النَّحوِ
The same is permissible in the interior;
For that is the most metrical rupture.
thus this category differs from that one.
They remain whichever permanence
وكُلُّand every معتلٍّmodified form فغيرُis not جائزِpermissible
وكُلُّ معتلٍّ فغيرُ جائزِ
فيin الحَشْوِthe interior والقَصيدand qasidas والأَراجِزِand rajaz verses
في الحَشْوِ والقَصيد والأَراجِزِ
Every modified form is impermissible
And that is verses' completeness.
in the interiors of qasidas and rajaz verses.
If one loses regularity
وإنَّماand only أَجازَهُpermitted it الخليلُal-Khalil
وإنَّما أَجازَهُ الخليلُ
مُجازفاًrashly إذwhen خانَهُfailed him الدَّليلُthe proof
مُجازفاً إذ خانَهُ الدَّليلُ
Al-Khalil permitted it only
The other inevitably compensates.
rashly, when his proof failed him.
So all preceded by what's before it
وكُلُّand every حيٍّliving person منamong بنيthe descendants of حَوّاءEve
وكُلُّ حيٍّ من بني حَوّاء
فغيرُis not مَعْصومٍimmune مِنَto الخَطاءِerror
فغيرُ مَعْصومٍ مِنَ الخَطاءِ
Every living descendant of Eve
Is named onset, understand its origin.
is liable to error.
All followed by what's after it
فأوّلُso the beginning of البَيتِthe verse إذاwhen ماever اعتلّاundergoes modification
فأوّلُ البَيتِ إذا ما اعتلّا
سَمّيتَهُyou call it بالابتداءِbeginning كُلّاin every case
سَمّيتَهُ بالابتداءِ كُلّا
Whenever the beginning of a verse is modified,
Is called coda, so count it.
you call it beginning in every case.
If both correspond,
وغايةُand the ending of الضَّربِthe verse-final foot تُسمَّىis called غايَهْending
وغايةُ الضَّربِ تُسمَّى غايَهْ
وليسَand there is not فيin الحَشوِthe interior لهاfor it حِكايهْa counterpart
وليسَ في الحَشوِ لها حِكايهْ
The ending of the final foot is called ending;
It is rightly called extremes.
it has no counterpart in the interior.
It enters the madiid and khafif
وكُلُّand everything ماthat يَدخلُenters فيinto العَروضِthe first-hemistich-final foot
وكُلُّ ما يَدخلُ في العَروضِ
مِنْof عِلَّةٍa modification تَجوزُpermissible فيin القَريضِpoetry
مِنْ عِلَّةٍ تَجوزُ في القَريضِ
Every modification entering the first hemistich's final foot
And segmented ramal and mahdhuf.
that is permissible in poetry
It also enters altogether mujtath
فهيَthen it تُسمَّىis called الفَصلَdivision عندat ذاكاthat time
فهيَ تُسمَّى الفَصلَ عند ذاكا
وقَلَّand few مَنare those who يعرفهُrecognize it هُناكاthere
وقَلَّ مَن يعرفهُ هُناكا
is then called division;
And only occurs in the four.
few recognize it there.
The part devoid of enjambment
والخَرمُand kharm فيat أَوائلِthe beginnings of الأَبياتِthe verses
والخَرمُ في أَوائلِ الأَبياتِ
يُعرفُis recognized بالأسماءby names والصِّفاتِand attributes
يُعرفُ بالأسماء والصِّفاتِ
Kharm at the beginnings of verses
Is innocent, not a lie.
is distinguished by names and attributes.
Measure it likewise for correspondence
نُقصانُthe loss of حَرفٍa letter منfrom أَوائلِthe beginnings of العَدَدْthe count
نُقصانُ حَرفٍ من أَوائلِ العَدَدْ
فيin كُلِّevery ماsuch شَطْرٍverse-pattern يُفكُّis derived منfrom وَتَدْa watad
في كُلِّ ما شَطْرٍ يُفكُّ من وَتَدْ
It is the loss of a letter from the start of the count
Not like synchronization.
in each verse-pattern derived from a watad.
For it's not from two parts
خَمسةُfive أَشطارٍverse-patterns منamong الشُّطورِthe verse-patterns
خَمسةُ أَشطارٍ من الشُّطورِ
يُخرمُundergoes kharm مِنهاof them أَوّلَthe beginning of الصُّدورِthe opening hemistichs
يُخرمُ مِنها أَوّلَ الصُّدورِ
Five of the verse-patterns
In adjacent feet.
undergo kharm at the beginnings of their opening hemistichs.
Rather, in one part
منهاamong them الطَّويلُTawil أَوّلُthe first of الدوائرِthe circles
منها الطَّويلُ أَوّلُ الدوائرِ
وأَطْولُand the longest البِناءِstructure عندَfor الشَّاعرِthe poet
وأَطْولُ البِناءِ عندَ الشَّاعرِ
Among them is Tawil, first of the circles
At the first of the ode.
and the longest structure used by the poet.
The two feet unswayed
يَدْخلهُenters it الخَرمُkharm فيُدعىso it is called أَثْلماathlam
يَدْخلهُ الخَرمُ فيُدعى أَثْلما
فإنْthen if تلاهُfollows it القَبْضُqabd سُمِّيit is named أَثْرماathram
فإنْ تلاهُ القَبْضُ سُمِّي أَثْرما
Kharm enters it, and it is called athlam;
In its part or unharmed.
if qabd follows, it is named athram.
If the latter is omitted in its place
والوافرُand Wafir الذيwhich مَدارُthe turning of الثانيهْthe second circle
والوافرُ الذي مَدارُ الثانيهْ
عليهِupon it قَدmay تَعيهِgrasp it أُذْنٌan ear واعيَهْattentive
عليهِ قَد تَعيهِ أُذْنٌ واعيَهْ
And Wafir, upon which the second circle turns,
Hear my words and understand its meaning.
may be grasped by an attentive ear.
So is synchronization described
يَدخلُهُenters it الخَرمُkharm فيat الابتداءِthe beginning
يَدخلُهُ الخَرمُ في الابتداءِ
فيin أولِthe first الجُزءِfoot منَamong الأجزاءِthe feet
في أولِ الجُزءِ منَ الأجزاءِ
Kharm enters it at the beginning,
And all known in its hemistich.
in the first of its feet.
It enters the first part of mudhari
وهوand it يُسمَّىis called أعضَباًa'dab فكُلماso whenever
وهو يُسمَّى أعضَباً فكُلما
ضُمَّis added إليهِto it العَصبُ'asb سُميit is named أَقْصماaqsam
ضُمَّ إليهِ العَصبُ سُمي أَقْصما
It is called a'dab; whenever
Then the coda of muqtadeb.
'asb is added to it, it is named aqsam.
Then extras on the parts
وإنْand if يكُنْit is أعصبَa'sab ثمthen يُعْقلُundergoes 'aql
وإنْ يكُنْ أعصبَ ثم يُعْقلُ
فذلكَthen that الأَجمُّajamm ليسَnot يُجهلُis unknown
فذلكَ الأَجمُّ ليسَ يُجهلُ
If it is a'sab and then undergoes 'aql,
Are found, known by names.
that is ajamm, not an unfamiliar form.
They only occur at ends
والهَزَجُand Hazaj الذيwhich هوis السّوارُthe bracelet
والهَزَجُ الذي هو السّوارُ
عليهِupon it للثالثةِfor the third circle المَدارُthe turning
عليهِ للثالثةِ المَدارُ
And Hazaj, which is the bracelet
Added to verse conclusions.
around which the third circle turns,
All found in its hemistich
يدخلُهُenters it الخَرْمُkharm فَيُدعىso it is called أَخرماakhram
يدخلُهُ الخَرْمُ فَيُدعى أَخرما
وهوَand it قَبيحٌugly فاعلمنَّso know well وافْهماand understand
وهوَ قَبيحٌ فاعلمنَّ وافْهما
admits kharm and is called akhram.
Like the adorned, which adds
It is ugly—know and understand this.
Two letters to the segment's regularity
حتّىuntil إذاwhen ماever كُفَّundergoes kaff بعدَafter الخَرمِkharm
حتّى إذا ما كُفَّ بعدَ الخَرمِ
سمَيتَهyou call it أَخْرَبَakhrab إذْwhen تُسمّيyou name
سمَيتَه أَخْرَبَ إذْ تُسمّي
When it undergoes kaff after kharm,
A vowel and consonant in its vicinity.
you name it akhrab.
That is in what swaying is not allowed
والأَشترُand ashtar المُهجَّنُdisparaged العَروضاin prosody
والأَشترُ المُهجَّنُ العَروضا
ماwhat كانَhas منهُof it آخرٌa final part مَقبوضاmaqbud
ما كانَ منهُ آخرٌ مَقبوضا
Ashtar, disparaged in prosody,
Or deemed metrically weak.
is the form whose last part is maqbud.
In it also enters the fattened,
هذاthis وفيand in الرابعةِthe fourth circle المُضارعُMudari'
هذا وفي الرابعةِ المُضارعُ
يَدخلُenters فيهِinto it الخَرمُkharm لاnot يُدافَعُis disputed
يَدخلُ فيهِ الخَرمُ لا يُدافَعُ
Now, in the fourth circle, Mudari'
Restricted in all said.
admits kharm without dispute,
It adds one quiescent letter
كمِثلِjust like ماwhat يدخلُenters فيinto شَطرِthe pattern of الهَزجْHazaj
كمِثلِ ما يدخلُ في شَطرِ الهَزجْ
وهوand it يُسمَّىis called باسمِهِby its name بلاwithout حَرجْdifficulty
وهو يُسمَّى باسمِهِ بلا حَرجْ
just as it enters the Hazaj pattern;
Unlike the segment's regularity.
it receives the same name without difficulty.
The deluged is like it, of these impairments,
ولاand not يجوزُis permissible الخَرمُkharm فيهِin it وحدَهُalone
ولا يجوزُ الخَرمُ فيهِ وحدَهُ
إلَّاexcept بقَبضٍwith qabd أوor بكَفٍّwith kaff بعدَهُafter it
إلَّا بقَبضٍ أو بكَفٍّ بعدَهُ
Kharm alone is not permissible in it,
A letter added to the ramal hemistich.
unless followed by qabd or kaff,
If you see the segment went not
لعلَّةِbecause of the rule of التَّراقُبِtaraq ub المَذكورِaforementioned
لعلَّةِ التَّراقُبِ المَذكورِ
خُصَّwas singled out بهِfor it منamong أَجمعِall الشُّطورِthe patterns
خُصَّ بهِ من أَجمعِ الشُّطورِ
because of the aforementioned rule of taraq ub,
With reduction, it is intact, so hear.
assigned uniquely to it among all the patterns.
If reduction omitted it,
والمُتقاربُand Mutaqarib الذيwhich فيat الآخرِthe end
والمُتقاربُ الذي في الآخرِ
تَحلوis sweetened بهِby it خامسةُthe fifth of الدَّوائرِthe circles
تَحلو بهِ خامسةُ الدَّوائرِ
And Mutaqarib, which comes last,
Understand, my words show you.
lends sweetness to the fifth circle.
That's called segmented in halves
يَدخلُهُenters it ماwhat يَدخُلُenters الطَّويلاTawil
يَدخلُهُ ما يَدخُلُ الطَّويلا
منof خَرمهِits kharm وليسَand is not مُسْتحيلاimpossible
من خَرمهِ وليسَ مُسْتحيلا
It admits what Tawil admits
If you omit two parts from them.
of kharm, and this is not impossible.
The verse, if you omit its hemistich,
هذاthis جميعُall الخرمِkharm لاnot سِواهُanything else
هذا جميعُ الخرمِ لا سِواهُ
وهوَand it قَبيحٌugly عندَin the view of منthose who سَمَّاهُnamed it
وهوَ قَبيحٌ عندَ من سَمَّاهُ
This is all of kharm, and nothing else;
Is called mutilated, understand its matter.
it is ugly in the judgment of those who named it.
If after the hemistich you omit
يدخلُenters فيat أَوائلِthe beginnings of الأَشعارِpoems
يدخلُ في أَوائلِ الأَشعارِ
ماwhat قيلَwas composed فيin ذيthese الخمسةِfive الأشطارِpatterns
ما قيلَ في ذي الخمسةِ الأشطارِ
It enters the beginnings of poems
A correct part from the coda,
composed in these five patterns.
And what remains is two parts,
لأَنَّbecause فيat أَولِthe beginning of كلِّevery شَطْرِpattern
لأَنَّ في أَولِ كلِّ شَطْرِ
حَركتينِtwo vowelled letters فيat ابتداءِthe beginning of الصَّدرِthe opening hemistich
حَركتينِ في ابتداءِ الصَّدرِ
For at the beginning of every such pattern
That's called eroded, not inclined.
are two vowelled letters opening the first hemistich.
So hear, this describes the spheres,
وإنَّماand only يَنفكُّthe split occurs فيwithin الأَوتادِthe watads
وإنَّما يَنفكُّ في الأَوتادِ
فلمso not يضِرْهاharmed them الخرمُkharm فيin التَّماديcontinuation
فلم يضِرْها الخرمُ في التَّمادي
The split occurs only within the watads,
An expert's description of prosody.
so kharm does not harm them as the verse proceeds,
Spheres you know in the minds of experts
لقوةِbecause of the strength of الأَوتادِthe watads فيwithin أَجزائهاtheir feet
لقوةِ الأَوتادِ في أَجزائها
وأنَّهاand that they تَبرأare free منfrom أَدْوائهاtheir ailments
وأنَّها تَبرأ من أَدْوائها
because the watads are strong within their feet
Five, marked with lines and rings.
and remain free of their ailments,
The lines' indications
سالمةًintact منagainst أَجمعِall الزِّخافِzihaf
سالمةً من أَجمعِ الزِّخافِ
فيin كُلِّevery مَجْزوءٍshortened form وكُلِّand every وافيfull-length form
في كُلِّ مَجْزوءٍ وكُلِّ وافي
intact against every zihaf,
Are signs for the consonants.
in every shortened and every full-length form.
The hollow rings
والجُزءُand the foot ماso long as لمnot ترَyou see فيهِin it خَرْماkharm
والجُزءُ ما لم ترَ فيهِ خَرْما
فَإنّهthen it المَوْفورُmawfur قدmay يُسمَّىbe called
فَإنّه المَوْفورُ قد يُسمَّى
A foot in which you see no kharm
Indicate the vowels.
may be called mawfur.
The dots on the lines
والعِللُand the modifications المسميّاتُnamed اللاتِيwhich
والعِللُ المسميّاتُ اللاتِي
تُعرفُare known بالفُصولِas divisions والغاياتِand endings
تُعرفُ بالفُصولِ والغاياتِ
The named modifications that
Indicate omissions.
are known as divisions and endings
The ring dotted on
تدْخلُenter فيinto الضَّربِthe verse-final foot وفيand into العَروضِthe first-hemistich-final foot
تدْخلُ في الضَّربِ وفي العَروضِ
وليسَand not فيin الحَشْوِthe interior مِنَof القريضِpoetry
وليسَ في الحَشْوِ مِنَ القريضِ
enter the verse-final and first-hemistich-final feet,
Sometimes is consonant, sometimes omitted.
not the interior of poetry.
The dots in the rings' hollows
منهاamong them الّذيthat which يُعرفُis known بالمَحْذوفِas mahdhuf
منها الّذي يُعرفُ بالمَحْذوفِ
وهوand it سُقوطُthe loss of السَّببِthe sabab الخَفيفِlight
وهو سُقوطُ السَّببِ الخَفيفِ
Among them is the form called mahdhuf:
Pierce the hemistichs' beginnings.
it is the loss of the light sabab
See, beneath them are their names
فيat آخرِthe end of الجُزءِthe foot الّذيwhich فيin الضَّربِthe verse ending
في آخرِ الجُزءِ الّذي في الضَّربِ
أوor فيin العَروضِthe first-hemistich ending غيرnot قولِspeaking الكذبِfalsehood
أو في العَروضِ غير قولِ الكذبِ
at the end of the verse-final foot
Written opposite them.
or the first hemistich's final foot—truthfully stated.
The two dots show enjambment
ومثلهُand like it المَعروفُthe form known بالمَقْطوفِas maqtuf
ومثلهُ المَعروفُ بالمَقْطوفِ
لولاexcept for سكونُthe lack of a vowel in آخرِthe last of الحُروفِthe letters
لولا سكونُ آخرِ الحُروفِ
The form known as maqtuf is like it,
Likewise synchronization's position.
except that its final letter is unvowelled.
This is each one's picture
وكُلُّand every جُزءٍfoot فيamong الضُّروبِthe verse-final feet كائنِoccurring
وكُلُّ جُزءٍ في الضُّروبِ كائنِ
أُسقطَwas dropped منهُfrom it آخرُthe last of السَّواكنِthe unvowelled letters
أُسقطَ منهُ آخرُ السَّواكنِ
Every foot occurring among the verse endings,
And meaning - interpret it individually.
from which the last unvowelled letter is dropped
The first is the long verse's sphere,
وسُكِّنَand was made unvowelled الآخرthe last letter منof باقِيهِits remainder
وسُكِّنَ الآخر من باقِيهِ
ممَّاof what يُجيزونَthey permit الزِّحافَzihaf فيهِin it
ممَّا يُجيزونَ الزِّحافَ فيهِ
and the last remaining letter is made unvowelled,
Eight, for those of merit.
where zihaf is permitted,
The hemistich divided in quatrains
فذلكَthen that المقصورُmaqsur حينَwhen يُوصفُis described
فذلكَ المقصورُ حينَ يُوصفُ
وإنْand if يكنْis آخرُهُits ending لاnot يُزْحفُsubject to zihaf
وإنْ يكنْ آخرُهُ لا يُزْحفُ
is described as maqsur.
Between five and seven letters.
If its ending does not admit zihaf,
Its letters twenty after four
منfrom وَتدٍa watad يكونbeing حينwhen لاnot سببa sabab
من وَتدٍ يكون حين لا سبب
فذلكَthen that المَقطوعُmaqtu' حينَwhen يَنْتسبْis classified
فذلكَ المَقطوعُ حينَ يَنْتسبْ
being a watad rather than a sabab,
Each letter's position clarified.
it is classified as maqtu'.
Five hemistichs detach from it
وكلُّand everything ماthat يُحذفُundergoes deletion ثمّthen يُقطعُundergoes cutting
وكلُّ ما يُحذفُ ثمّ يُقطعُ
فذلكَthen that الأَبترُabtar وهوand it أشنعُuglier
فذلكَ الأَبترُ وهو أشنعُ
Whatever undergoes deletion and then cutting
Separated by scansion and rhythm.
is abtar, an uglier form.
Among them, long and madid after it,
وإنْand if يَزُلdisappears منfrom آخرِthe end of الجُزءthe foot وَتَدْa watad
وإنْ يَزُل من آخرِ الجُزء وَتَدْ
إنif كانَit is مجموعاًjoined فذلكَthen that الأحَدْthe clipped form
إن كانَ مجموعاً فذلكَ الأحَدْ
If a watad disappears from the end of a foot,
Then basit, they decree its order.
when joined, the resulting form is called clipped;
Three the Arabs constructed upon it
أوor كانَit is مَفروقاًseparated فذاكَthen that الأصْلمُaslam
أو كانَ مَفروقاً فذاكَ الأصْلمُ
كلاهُماboth of them للجُزءِfor the foot حقّاًtruly صَيْلَمُutter devastation
كلاهُما للجُزءِ حقّاً صَيْلَمُ
when separated, it is aslam.
And two they turned from and spurned.
Both truly devastate the foot.
This is its picture, as you see,
وإنْand if يُسكَّنْis made unvowelled سابعُthe seventh of الحُروفِthe letters
وإنْ يُسكَّنْ سابعُ الحُروفِ
فإِنّهthen it يُعرفُis known بالمَوْقوفِas mawquf
فإِنّه يُعرفُ بالمَوْقوفِ
If the seventh letter is made unvowelled,
Its mention, explained and interpreted.
the form is known as mawquf.
This second particularized
وإنْand if يكُنْit is مُحرَّكاًvowelled فأُذْهِباthen is removed
وإنْ يكُنْ مُحرَّكاً فأُذْهِبا
فذلكَthen that المَكسوفُmaksuf حقّاًtruly مُوجِباnecessarily
فذلكَ المَكسوفُ حقّاً مُوجِبا
If it is vowelled and is removed,
With the heavy foot and diminished.
the form is necessarily maksuf.
Its parts are three, septenary,
وبعدَهand after it التَّشعيثُtash'ith فيin الخَفيفِKhafif
وبعدَه التَّشعيثُ في الخَفيفِ
فيin ضَرْبهِits verse-final foot السالمintact لاnot المَحْذوفِmahdhuf
في ضَرْبهِ السالم لا المَحْذوفِ
Next comes tash'ith in Khafif,
They disliked making it quaternary.
in its intact verse-final foot, not the mahdhuf form.
For it departs from their measure
يُقطعُis cut منهُfrom it الوَتَدُthe watad المُوسَّطُcentral
يُقطعُ منهُ الوَتَدُ المُوسَّطُ
وكُلُّand every شيءٍthing بعدهُafter it لاnot يَسقُطُdisappears
وكُلُّ شيءٍ بعدهُ لا يَسقُطُ
Its central watad is cut,
Among the metrical poetry of their compositions.
while everything after it remains.
It's twenty letters after one
وبعدَand after ذاthis تَعاقبُthe alternation of الجُزأَينِthe two feet
وبعدَ ذا تَعاقبُ الجُزأَينِ
فيin السَّببينِthe two sababs المُتَقابِلينِfacing each other
في السَّببينِ المُتَقابِلينِ
Next comes the alternation of two feet
Of surplus letters it contains.
in their facing sababs.
The waafir and kaamil detach from it,
لاnot يَسقطانِboth disappear جُملةًtogether فيin الشِّعرِpoetry
لا يَسقطانِ جُملةً في الشِّعرِ
فإنَّfor indeed ذاكَthat منamong أَشدِّthe severest الكسْرِmetrical fracture
فإنَّ ذاكَ من أَشدِّ الكسْرِ
They cannot both disappear in poetry;
With a third the ignorant struggles.
that would be among the gravest metrical fractures.
This is its picture, made clear
ويَثْبُتانِand both remain أَيَّماwith whatever ثَباتِpersistence
ويَثْبُتانِ أَيَّما ثَباتِ
وذاكَand that منpart of سَلامَةِthe soundness of الأبياتِthe verses
وذاكَ من سَلامَةِ الأبياتِ
They may both remain completely intact;
Adorned with its threads and beads.
that preserves the soundness of the verses.
The third sphere told of
وإنْand if يَنَلْaffects بعضَهماone of them إزالَهْremoval
وإنْ يَنَلْ بعضَهما إزالَهْ
عاقَبَهtakes its counterpart's place الآخرُthe other لاwithout مَحالَهْfail
عاقَبَه الآخرُ لا مَحالَهْ
If removal affects one of them,
Its parts and letters
the other necessarily takes its counterpart's place.
Not heavy and light feet
فكُلُّso everything ماthat عاقبهalternates with it ماwhat قَبلهُprecedes it
فكُلُّ ما عاقبه ما قَبلهُ
سُمِّيَis called صَدراًsadr فافههمنَّso understand well أصلهُits basis
سُمِّيَ صَدراً فافههمنَّ أصلهُ
Whatever alternates with what precedes it
Like what preceded from that, truly no doubt.
is called sadr—understand its basis.
The likes of what detach
وكُلُّand everything ماthat عاقَبهalternates with it ماwhat بعدَهُfollows it
وكُلُّ ما عاقَبه ما بعدَهُ
فهوthen it يُسمَّىis called عَجُزاً'ajuz فعُدَّهُso count it
فهو يُسمَّى عَجُزاً فعُدَّهُ
Whatever alternates with what follows it
From that detach indeed.
is called 'ajuz—count it so.
From its brocade emerge
وإنْand if يكُنis هذاthis وذاand that مُعاقباalternating
وإنْ يكُن هذا وذا مُعاقبا
فهوthen it يُسمَّىis called طَرفينtarafayn واجباnecessarily
فهو يُسمَّى طَرفين واجبا
If it alternates with both this and that,
Hazaj, rajaz, and ramal.
it must be called tarafayn.
This is its picture, explained,
يَدخلُenters فيinto المَديدِMadid والخفيفِand Khafif
يَدخلُ في المَديدِ والخفيفِ
والرَّملand Ramal المَجزوءshortened والمَحْذوفِand mahdhuf
والرَّمل المَجزوء والمَحْذوفِ
This occurs in Madid and Khafif,
Embellished with its adornments.
and in shortened and mahdhuf Ramal.
The spheres' fourth, narrated,
ويدخلُand enters المجتثَّMujtathth أَيضاًalso أَجمعَهْin its entirety
ويدخلُ المجتثَّ أَيضاً أَجمعَهْ
ولاand not يكونُoccurs فيin سوىother than ذيthese الأربعَهْfour
ولا يكونُ في سوى ذي الأربعَهْ
It also enters Mujtathth in its entirety
Its parts three, counted.
and occurs in none beyond these four.
Wondrous, the description struggles with it,
والجُزءُand the foot إذwhen يخلوis free منfrom التعاقُبِalternation
والجُزءُ إذ يخلو من التعاقُبِ
فهوthen it بَريءٌbari' (free) غَيرَnot قَولِthe statement of الكاذِبِa liar
فهو بَريءٌ غَيرَ قَولِ الكاذِبِ
When a foot is free of alternation,
Twenty letters, count and letter.
it is bari'—a truthful statement.
The likes of the predecessor
وهكذاand thus إنْif قِسْتَهُyou examine it التعاقبُalternation
وهكذا إنْ قِسْتَهُ التعاقبُ
وليسَand is not مثلَlike ذلكَthat التَّراقبُtaraq ub
وليسَ مثلَ ذلكَ التَّراقبُ
Such is alternation, if you examine it;
Though its shape differs from its shape.
taraq ub is not like it.
Marvelous, precise in its devising
لأنّهُbecause it لمnot يأتِarises منfrom جُزأَينِtwo feet
لأنّهُ لم يأتِ من جُزأَينِ
فيin السَّببينِthe two sababs المُتجاورينِadjacent
في السَّببينِ المُتجاورينِ
For it does not arise between two feet
With the separated pillar in its hemistichs.
in their adjacent sababs;
Six detach from it, stated,
لكنَّهُbut it جاءَoccurs بجزءٍwithin a foot واحِدِsingle
لكنَّهُ جاءَ بجزءٍ واحِدِ
فيat أوّلِthe beginning of الصَّدرِthe opening hemistich منof القَصائدِqasidas
في أوّلِ الصَّدرِ من القَصائدِ
rather, it occurs within a single foot
Three unknown among them.
at the opening of a qasida's first hemistich.
Each of these six hemistichs
والسَّببانِand the two sababs غيرُnot مَزْحوفينِboth affected by zihaf
والسَّببانِ غيرُ مَزْحوفينِ
فيin جُزئهِits foot وغيرُand not سالمينِboth intact
في جُزئهِ وغيرُ سالمينِ
The two sababs are neither both altered by zihaf
Known to its masters, concealed.
within its foot, nor both intact.
First, it's saree', then munsarih,
إنْif زالَdisappears هذاthis one كانَis ذاthat one مكانَهُin its place
إنْ زالَ هذا كانَ ذا مكانَهُ
فاسمَعْso listen مقاليto my discourse وافهمنْand understand well بيانَهُits explanation
فاسمَعْ مقالي وافهمنْ بيانَهُ
If this one disappears, that one remains in its place;
Then khafif, then clear.
so hear my words and understand their explanation.
After it, mudhaari' and muqtadeb,
فهكذاso thus التراقُبُtaraq ub المَوصُوفُdescribed
فهكذا التراقُبُ المَوصُوفُ
وكُلُّهُand all of it فيwithin شَطْرهِits pattern مَعْروفُrecognized
وكُلُّهُ في شَطْرهِ مَعْروفُ
Such is the taraq ub described,
Two segmented hemistichs in Arabic verse.
all of it recognized within its verse-pattern.
After them, mujtath, the sweetest hemistich,
يدخلُenters أولَthe beginning of المُضارعِMudari' السَّببْthe sabab
يدخلُ أولَ المُضارعِ السَّببْ
وبعدَهand after it يدخُلُenters صدرَthe opening of المُقتضبْMuqtadab
وبعدَه يدخُلُ صدرَ المُقتضبْ
It affects the sabab at the beginning of Mudari',
Occurs segmented for poetry's people.
then enters the opening of Muqtadab.
After them the fifth of spheres
ثمّthen الزِّياداتُthe additions علىto الأَجزاءِthe feet
ثمّ الزِّياداتُ على الأَجزاءِ
مَوجودةٌexist تُعرفُare recognized بالأَسماءِby names
مَوجودةٌ تُعرفُ بالأَسماءِ
Next, additions to the feet
For the late muutaqaarib.
are found and recognized by their names.
From it a hemistich detaches, and a hemistich -
وإنّماand only تَكونُoccur فيat الغاياتِthe endings
وإنّما تَكونُ في الغاياتِ
تُزادُare added فيat أواخرِthe ends of الأَبياتِthe verses
تُزادُ في أواخرِ الأَبياتِ
They occur only at the endings,
No mention of it came in poetry.
being added at the ends of verses.
Among the briefest parts and hemistichs,
وكُلُّهاand all of them فيwithin شَطرهِits pattern مَوجودُfound
وكُلُّها في شَطرهِ مَوجودُ
منهاamong them المُرَفّلُmuraffal الّذيwhich يَزيدُadds
منها المُرَفّلُ الّذي يَزيدُ
All are found within their respective patterns.
Its letters twenty in scansion.
Among them is muraffal, which adds
The hemistich composed on clauses
حَرْفينِtwo letters فيto الجُزءِthe foot علىbeyond اعْتدالِهِits regular measure
حَرْفينِ في الجُزءِ على اعْتدالِهِ
مُحرَّكاًa vowelled letter وساكناًand an unvowelled letter فيaround حولهِit
مُحرَّكاً وساكناً في حولهِ
two letters to the foot's regular measure:
Four evenly spaced.
a vowelled letter and an unvowelled one around it.
This the tester has tried
وذاكَand that فيماin what لاnot يجوزُis permissible الزَّحفُzihaf
وذاكَ فيما لا يجوزُ الزَّحفُ
فيهin it ولاand not يُعزىis attributed إليهِto it الضَّعفُweakness
فيه ولا يُعزى إليهِ الضَّعفُ
This occurs where zihaf is not permitted
Of all the Arabs said upon it.
and weakness is not attributed.
Anything they did not say upon
وفيهand in it أَيضاًalso يدخُلُenters المُذالُmudhal
وفيه أَيضاً يدخُلُ المُذالُ
مُقَيِّداًimposing a constraint فيupon كلِّall ماthat يُقالُis recited
مُقَيِّداً في كلِّ ما يُقالُ
Mudhal also enters there,
We did not consider it.
imposing a constraint upon all that is recited.
We say nothing but what they said
وهوand it الذيthat which يَزيدُadds حرفاًa letter ساكناًunvowelled
وهو الذي يَزيدُ حرفاً ساكناً
علىbeyond اعتدالِthe regular measure of جُزئهِits foot مُبايناdistinctly
على اعتدالِ جُزئهِ مُباينا
It is the form that adds an unvowelled letter
For our speech contradicts it.
beyond the foot's regular measure, distinctly.
If differing from it were allowed in verses
ومثلهand like it المُسبغُmusbagh منamong هذيthese العِللْmodifications
ومثله المُسبغُ من هذي العِللْ
حَرْفٌa letter تَزيدهُyou add it علىto شطْرِthe pattern of الرَّملْRamal
حَرْفٌ تَزيدهُ على شطْرِ الرَّملْ
Musbagh is a similar modification:
It would be allowed in language.
a letter you add to the Ramal pattern.
Al-Khalil allowed that
فإنْthen if رأيتَyou see الجُزءَthe foot لمnot يَذهبhas disappeared مَعاaltogether
فإنْ رأيتَ الجُزءَ لم يَذهب مَعا
بالانتقاصِthrough reduction فهوthen it وافٍfull-length فاسمعاso listen
بالانتقاصِ فهو وافٍ فاسمعا
If you see that a foot has not disappeared altogether
But I don't say what he says.
through reduction, the verse is full-length—so listen.
For he contradicted its meaning
وإنْand if يكُنْhas أَذهبَهُremoved it النُّقصانُreduction
وإنْ يكُنْ أَذهبَهُ النُّقصانُ
فافْهمْso understand ففيfor in قوليmy words لكfor you البَيانُthe explanation
فافْهمْ ففي قولي لك البَيانُ
If reduction has removed it,
And the sword shines though flawed.
understand: my words explain it to you.
He made the early view original
فذلكthen that المَجزوءُmajzu' (shortened) فيin النِّصفينِboth halves
فذلك المَجزوءُ في النِّصفينِ
إذاwhen انتقصتَyou subtract منهماfrom them جُزأَينِtwo feet
إذا انتقصتَ منهما جُزأَينِ
The verse is then majzu' in both halves
Then allowed this, though not its like.
when you subtract two feet from them.
The scholar may slip
والبيتُand the verse إنْif نَقصتَyou subtract منهُfrom it شطرهُits hemistich
والبيتُ إنْ نَقصتَ منهُ شطرهُ
فذلكَthen that المَشطورُmashtur (halved) فافهمْso understand أَمرهُits condition
فذلكَ المَشطورُ فافهمْ أَمرهُ
If you subtract a hemistich from a verse,
And the ink may betray the scribe.
it is mashtur—understand its condition.
To Al-Khalil there is no peer
وإنْand if نَقصتَyou subtract منهfrom it بعدafter الشّطرِthe hemistich
وإنْ نَقصتَ منه بعد الشّطرِ
جُزءاًa foot صحيحاًwhole منfrom أَخيرِthe end of الصَّدرِthe opening hemistich
جُزءاً صحيحاً من أَخيرِ الصَّدرِ
If, after removing the hemistich, you subtract
In all that comes of matters.
a whole foot from the end of the opening hemistich,
But in it he is unprecedented,
وكانَand is ماwhat يَبقىremains علىupon جُزأَينِtwo feet
وكانَ ما يَبقى على جُزأَينِ
فذلكَthen that المَنهوكُmanhuk غَيرَwithout مَيْنِfalsehood
فذلكَ المَنهوكُ غَيرَ مَيْنِ
and what remains consists of two feet,
None before or after like him.
it is manhuk, without falsehood.
So praise be to Allah for His blessings,
فاسمعso listen فهذيfor this صِفةthe description of الدوائرِthe circles
فاسمع فهذي صِفة الدوائرِ
وَصْفَthe account of عليمٍone knowledgeable بالعَروضِin prosody خابِرِexperienced
وَصْفَ عليمٍ بالعَروضِ خابِرِ
Now listen: this is the description of the circles,
Much praise, and His boons.
the account of one knowledgeable and experienced in prosody.
O King, kings bow to Him,
دوائرٌcircles تعياprove difficult علىfor ذِهنِthe mind of الحَذِقْthe skilled
دوائرٌ تعيا على ذِهنِ الحَذِقْ
خمسٌfive عليهنupon them الخُطوطُthe lines والحَلَقْand the rings
خمسٌ عليهن الخُطوطُ والحَلَقْ
These circles challenge even the skilled mind:
He has no partner in dominion.
five, bearing lines and rings.
Make righteous the intentions of Your servant Abdullah
فماso what لهاthey have منof الخُطوطِthe lines البائنهْdistinct
فما لها من الخُطوطِ البائنهْ
دلائلٌindications علىof الحُروفِthe letters السَّاكنهْunvowelled
دلائلٌ على الحُروفِ السَّاكنهْ
Their distinct lines
And grace him through Your bounty with his flock.
indicate the unvowelled letters.
والحَلقاتِand the rings المُتجوِّفاتِhollow
والحَلقاتِ المُتجوِّفاتِ
علامَةٌa sign للمتحرِّكاتِfor the vowelled letters
علامَةٌ للمتحرِّكاتِ
The hollow rings
are signs for the vowelled letters.
والنُّقطُand the dots التيwhich علىupon الخُطوطِthe lines
والنُّقطُ التي على الخُطوطِ
علامةٌa sign تُعدُّis reckoned للسُّقوطِfor omission
علامةٌ تُعدُّ للسُّقوطِ
The dots placed upon the lines
are signs marking omission.
والحلقand the rings التيwhich عليهاupon them يُنْقطُdots are placed
والحلق التي عليها يُنْقطُ
تسكنare made unvowelled أحياناًsometimes وحِيناًand sometimes تَسقُطُare dropped
تسكن أحياناً وحِيناً تَسقُطُ
The rings upon which dots are placed
are sometimes made unvowelled and sometimes dropped.
والنُّقطُand the dots التيwhich بأجوافِinside الحَلقْthe rings
والنُّقطُ التي بأجوافِ الحَلقْ
لمبتداfor the beginning of الشُّطورِthe patterns منهاfrom them يُخترقْis unfolded
لمبتدا الشُّطورِ منها يُخترقْ
The dots inside the rings
mark where the verse-patterns begin to be unfolded.
فانظُرso look تجدْyou will find منfrom تحتهاbeneath them أسماءَهاtheir names
فانظُر تجدْ من تحتها أسماءَها
مكتوبةًwritten قدalready وُضعتْhave been placed إِزاءَهاopposite them
مكتوبةً قد وُضعتْ إِزاءَها
Look: beneath them you will find their names
written and placed opposite them.
والنُّقطتانِand the two dots موضعَat the position of التعاقُبِalternation
والنُّقطتانِ موضعَ التعاقُبِ
ومثلَand likewise ذاكَthat موضعَthe position of التَّراقبِtaraq ub
ومثلَ ذاكَ موضعَ التَّراقبِ
The two dots mark the position of alternation,
and likewise the position of taraq ub.
وهذهand this صُورةُthe diagram of كُلِّeach واحدهone
وهذه صُورةُ كُلِّ واحده
مِنهاof them ومَعنىand the meaning of فَسرهاits explanation علىon حِدَهits own
مِنها ومَعنى فَسرها على حِدَه
Here is the diagram of each one
and its explanation, separately.
أَولهاthe first of them دائرةُthe circle of الطويلِTawil
أَولها دائرةُ الطويلِ
وهيand it ثمانٍeight لذويfor those possessing التَّفضيلِdiscernment
وهي ثمانٍ لذوي التَّفضيلِ
The first is the circle of Tawil;
it has eight feet for those who make distinctions.
مُقسَّمdivided الشَّطرthe hemistich علىinto أَرباعِquarters
مُقسَّم الشَّطر على أَرباعِ
بينَbetween خُماسيٍّa five-letter foot إلىto سُباعيa seven-letter foot
بينَ خُماسيٍّ إلى سُباعي
Its hemistich is divided into quarters,
alternating between five-letter and seven-letter feet.
حُروفُهits letters عشرونَtwenty بعدَafter أَربعَهfour
حُروفُه عشرونَ بعدَ أَربعَه
قدindeed بَيَّنواthey showed لكُلِّfor every حرفٍletter موضعهits position
قد بَيَّنوا لكُلِّ حرفٍ موضعه
Its letters are twenty plus four;
they have shown the position of every letter.
تنفكُّunfold منهاfrom it خَمسةٌfive شُطورُpatterns
تنفكُّ منها خَمسةٌ شُطورُ
يفصلهاdistinguishes them التفعيلُscansion والتَّقديرُand measurement
يفصلها التفعيلُ والتَّقديرُ
Five verse-patterns unfold from it,
distinguished by scansion and measurement.
منهاamong them الطويلُTawil والمَديدand Madid بعدهُafter it
منها الطويلُ والمَديد بعدهُ
ثمَّthen البَسيطُBasit يحكمونَthey establish precisely سَرْدهُits sequence
ثمَّ البَسيطُ يحكمونَ سَرْدهُ
Among them are Tawil, followed by Madid,
then Basit, whose sequence they carefully establish.
ثلاثةٌthree قالتْcomposed عليهاin them العربُthe Arabs
ثلاثةٌ قالتْ عليها العربُ
واثنانِand two صدُّواthey turned away عنهماfrom them ونَكبواand avoided
واثنانِ صدُّوا عنهما ونَكبوا
The Arabs composed in three of them
and turned away from the other two.
وهذهand this صُورتُهاits diagram كماas تَرىyou see
وهذه صُورتُها كما تَرى
وذكرُهاand its account مبيَّناًmade clear مفسَّراexplained
وذكرُها مبيَّناً مفسَّرا
Here is its diagram, as you see,
and its account, clearly explained.
وهذهand this الثانيةthe second المخصوصَهdistinguished
وهذه الثانية المخصوصَه
بالسببِby the sabab الثَّقيلِheavy والمَنقوصَهand reduced
بالسببِ الثَّقيلِ والمَنقوصَه
This is the second circle, distinguished
by the heavy sabab, and reduced.
أجزاؤهاits feet ثلاثةٌthree مُسبَّعهseven-letter
أجزاؤها ثلاثةٌ مُسبَّعه
قدindeed كَرهواthey disliked أَنthat يَجعلُوهاthey make them أَربعَهfour
قد كَرهوا أَن يَجعلُوها أَربعَه
Its feet are three seven-letter units;
they disliked making them four,
لأَنّهاbecause it تَخرجُgoes beyond عنbeyond مِقدارِهمْtheir measure
لأَنّها تَخرجُ عن مِقدارِهمْ
فيin جملةِthe body of المَوزونmetrical composition منfrom أشعارهمْtheir poetry
في جملةِ المَوزون من أشعارهمْ
because that would exceed their measure
in the body of their metrical poetry.
فهيso it علىamounts to عِشرينَtwenty بعدafter واحدone
فهي على عِشرينَ بعد واحد
منof الحُروفِthe letters ماnot بهاin it منany زائدِextra
من الحُروفِ ما بها من زائدِ
Thus it contains twenty plus one
letters, with nothing beyond that.
ينفكُّunfolds منهاfrom it وافرٌWafir وكاملُand Kamil
ينفكُّ منها وافرٌ وكاملُ
وثالثٌand a third قدindeed حارَwas bewildered فيهby it الجاهلُthe uninformed
وثالثٌ قد حارَ فيه الجاهلُ
Wafir and Kamil unfold from it,
and a third that has bewildered the uninformed.
والدارةُand the circle الثالثةُthird التيwhich حكتْresembled
والدارةُ الثالثةُ التي حكتْ
فيin قَدرهاits extent الثانيةَthe second التيwhich مَضَتْpreceded
في قَدرها الثانيةَ التي مَضَتْ
The third circle resembles
the preceding second in its extent:
فيin عِدةِthe number of الأَجزاءِthe feet والحُروفِand the letters
في عِدةِ الأَجزاءِ والحُروفِ
وليسand not فيin الثَّقيلِthe heavy sabab والخفيفِand the light sabab
وليس في الثَّقيلِ والخفيفِ
in the number of feet and letters,
but not in heavy and light sababs.
ينفكُّunfolds منهاfrom it مِثلُthe equivalent of ماwhat ينفكُّunfolds
ينفكُّ منها مِثلُ ما ينفكُّ
منfrom تلكthat one حقاًtruly ليسthere is not فيهin it شكُّdoubt
من تلك حقاً ليس فيه شكُّ
The same number unfolds from it
as from that one, truly and without doubt.
ترفُلُsweep along منin ديباجهاits brocade حُللrobes
ترفُلُ من ديباجها حُلل
منof هَزجٍHazaj أوor رَجزٍRajaz أوor رملِRamal
من هَزجٍ أو رَجزٍ أو رملِ
Robes sweep along in its brocade,
of Hazaj, Rajaz, or Ramal.
وهذهand this صورتُهاits diagram مبيَّنهmade clear
وهذه صورتُها مبيَّنه
بحَلْيهاwith its ornaments ووَشْيهاand its embroidery مُزَيَّنَهadorned
بحَلْيها ووَشْيها مُزَيَّنَه
Here is its clearly presented diagram,
adorned with its ornaments and embroidery.
ورابعُand the fourth of الدَّوائرthe circles المَسْرودَهْdescribed
ورابعُ الدَّوائر المَسْرودَهْ
أجزاؤهاits feet ثلاثةٌthree مَعْدودهcounted
أجزاؤها ثلاثةٌ مَعْدوده
The fourth of the circles described
has three counted feet.
عَجيبةٌa marvel قدindeed حارَwas bewildered فيهاby it الوَصْفُdescription
عَجيبةٌ قد حارَ فيها الوَصْفُ
عِشرونَtwenty حرفاًletters عَدُّهاits count وحَرْفُand one letter
عِشرونَ حرفاً عَدُّها وحَرْفُ
It is a marvel that bewilders description;
its count is twenty letters and one,
مِثلَlike الّتيthe one that تَقدَّمتْpreceded منfrom قَبلهاbefore it
مِثلَ الّتي تَقدَّمتْ من قَبلها
وشَكْلهاand its configuration مُخالفٌdiffers لشَكْلهاfrom its configuration
وشَكْلها مُخالفٌ لشَكْلها
like the circle that preceded it,
though its configuration differs.
بَدِيعةٌingenious أحْكمperfected فيin تَدْبيرهاits design
بَدِيعةٌ أحْكم في تَدْبيرها
بالوَتِدthrough the watad المَفْروقseparated فيin شطورهاits patterns
بالوَتِد المَفْروق في شطورها
Ingenious, perfected in its design
through the separated watad in its patterns,
ينفكُّunfold منهاfrom it ستَّةٌsix مَقُولَهrecited
ينفكُّ منها ستَّةٌ مَقُولَه
مِنfrom بينهاamong them ثلاثةٌthree مَجْهُولَهْunknown
مِن بينها ثلاثةٌ مَجْهُولَهْ
six recited patterns unfold from it,
among them three unknown.
وكلُّand all هذهthese السَّتةsix المَشْطورَهْhemistich patterns
وكلُّ هذه السَّتة المَشْطورَهْ
مَعْروفةknown لأَهلهاto their practitioners مَخْبورهْfamiliar
مَعْروفة لأَهلها مَخْبورهْ
All these six hemistich patterns
are known and familiar to their practitioners.
أَوّلُهاthe first of them السَّريعُSari' ثمthen المُنسرحْMunsarih
أَوّلُها السَّريعُ ثم المُنسرحْ
ثمthen الخَفيفُKhafif بعدهُafter it ثَمَّthere وَضَحْappeared clearly
ثم الخَفيفُ بعدهُ ثَمَّ وَضَحْ
First comes Sari', then Munsarih,
then Khafif, plainly following it.
وبعدَهَand after it مُضارعُMudari' ومُقتضبْand Muqtadab
وبعدَهَ مُضارعُ ومُقتضبْ
شَطرانِtwo patterns مَجزوءانِshortened فيin قَولِthe composition of العَربْthe Arabs
شَطرانِ مَجزوءانِ في قَولِ العَربْ
After it come Mudari' and Muqtadab,
two shortened patterns in Arab composition.
وبعدهاand after them المُجتثُّMujtathth أحلىthe sweetest شَطْرِpattern
وبعدها المُجتثُّ أحلى شَطْرِ
يُوجدُis found مَجزوءاًshortened لأهلِamong practitioners of الشِّعرِpoetry
يُوجدُ مَجزوءاً لأهلِ الشِّعرِ
After them comes Mujtathth, the sweetest pattern,
found in shortened form among poets.
وبعدهاand after them خامسةُthe fifth of الدَّوائرِthe circles
وبعدها خامسةُ الدَّوائرِ
للمُتقاربِfor Mutaqarib الَّذيwhich فيat الآخِرِthe end
للمُتقاربِ الَّذي في الآخِرِ
After these comes the fifth circle,
for Mutaqarib, which comes last.
ينفكُّunfolds منهاfrom it شَطْرهits pattern وشَطْرُand another pattern
ينفكُّ منها شَطْره وشَطْرُ
لمnot يأتِhas appeared فيin الأَشعارِpoetry منهof it الذِّكرُmention
لم يأتِ في الأَشعارِ منه الذِّكرُ
Its pattern unfolds from it, and another pattern
of which no mention occurs in poetry.
مِنamong أقصرِthe shortest الأَجزاءfeet والشُّطورِand patterns
مِن أقصرِ الأَجزاء والشُّطورِ
حُروفُهits letters عشرونَtwenty فيin التَّقديرِthe reckoning
حُروفُه عشرونَ في التَّقديرِ
Among the shortest feet and patterns,
its letters number twenty in the reckoning.
مؤلَّفcomposed الشَّطرthe hemistich علىin فواصِلِdivisions
مؤلَّف الشَّطر على فواصِلِ
مخَمَّساتٍfive-letter units أرْبعٍfour مَواثِلِmatching
مخَمَّساتٍ أرْبعٍ مَواثِلِ
Its hemistich is composed in divisions
of four matching five-letter units.
هذاthis الذيwhat جَرَّبهُtested it المُجَرِّبُthe investigator
هذا الذي جَرَّبهُ المُجَرِّبُ
منof كُلِّall ماthat قالتْcomposed عليهin it العربُthe Arabs
من كُلِّ ما قالتْ عليه العربُ
This is what the investigator has tested
of everything in which the Arabs composed.
فكُلُّso every شيءٍthing لمnot تَقُلْthey composed عليهِin it
فكُلُّ شيءٍ لم تَقُلْ عليهِ
فإنَّناthen we لمnot نَلتفتْpaid attention إليْهِto it
فإنَّنا لم نَلتفتْ إليْهِ
Whatever they never composed in,
we have disregarded.
ولاand not نَقولُwe compose غيرَother than ماwhat قدalready قالواthey composed
ولا نَقولُ غيرَ ما قد قالوا
لأنَّهbecause it منfrom قَولناour composition مُحالُabsurd
لأنَّه من قَولنا مُحالُ
We compose in nothing beyond what they composed in,
for doing so would be absurd on our part.
وإنّهand indeed لوif جازَwere permissible فيin الأَبياتِverses
وإنّه لو جازَ في الأَبياتِ
خلافُهاdeparture from them لجازَit would be permissible فيin اللّغاتِlanguages
خلافُها لجازَ في اللّغاتِ
If departure from their practice were permissible in verses,
it would also be permissible in languages.
وقدand indeed أَجازَpermitted ذلكَthat الخليلُal-Khalil
وقد أَجازَ ذلكَ الخليلُ
ولاand not أَقولُI say فيهconcerning it ماwhat يَقولُhe says
ولا أَقولُ فيه ما يَقولُ
Al-Khalil permitted that,
but I do not hold his opinion on it,
لأَنهbecause he ناقَضَcontradicted فيin مَعناهُhis principle
لأَنه ناقَضَ في مَعناهُ
والسيفُand the sword قدmay يَنُبوglance off وفيهwhile in it ماهُits sheen
والسيفُ قد يَنُبو وفيه ماهُ
because he contradicted his own principle.
A sword may glance off even while retaining its sheen.
إذwhen جعَلَhe made القولَcomposition القديمَancient أَصلَهُhis foundation
إذ جعَلَ القولَ القديمَ أَصلَهُ
ثمthen أَجازَhe permitted ذاthis وليسَand it is not مثلَهُlike it
ثم أَجازَ ذا وليسَ مثلَهُ
For he made ancient composition his foundation,
then permitted this, though it was unlike it.
وقدand may يَزِلُّslip العالِمُthe scholar النِّحريرُconsummately skilled
وقد يَزِلُّ العالِمُ النِّحريرُ
والحَبرُand the learned man قدmay يَخُونهُbetray him التَّحبيرُcomposition
والحَبرُ قد يَخُونهُ التَّحبيرُ
Even the consummate scholar may slip,
and the learned man's composition may betray him.
وليسَand there is not للخليلِfor al-Khalil منany نَظيرِequal
وليسَ للخليلِ من نَظيرِ
فيin كُلِّall ماthat يأتيhe undertakes منof الأُمورِmatters
في كُلِّ ما يأتي من الأُمورِ
Al-Khalil has no equal
in everything he undertakes.
لكنَّهbut he فيهin it نَسيجُa weave وحدهunto himself
لكنَّه فيه نَسيجُ وحده
ماnone مثْلُهlike him مِنfrom قبلهِbefore him وبَعدهِand after him
ما مثْلُه مِن قبلهِ وبَعدهِ
Rather, in this he is a weave unto himself;
none like him came before or after him.
فالحمدُso praise للَّهbelongs to God علىfor نَعْمائهِHis blessings
فالحمدُ للَّه على نَعْمائهِ
حمداًpraise كثيراًabundant وعلىand for آلائهِHis bounties
حمداً كثيراً وعلى آلائهِ
So praise belongs to God for His blessings,
abundant praise, and for His bounties.
ياO مَلكاًKing ذلَّتْwere humbled لهُbefore Him المُلوكُthe kings
يا مَلكاً ذلَّتْ لهُ المُلوكُ
ليسَthere is not لهfor Him فيin مُلكهِHis dominion شَريكُa partner
ليسَ له في مُلكهِ شَريكُ
O King before whom kings are humbled,
who has no partner in His dominion:
ثبِّتْmake steadfast لعبدِfor Abd اللَّهِAllah حُسنَthe goodness of نيَّتهhis intention
ثبِّتْ لعبدِ اللَّهِ حُسنَ نيَّته
واعطفهand incline him بالفضلgraciously علىtoward رعيَّتهhis subjects
واعطفه بالفضل على رعيَّته
keep Abd Allah steadfast in his good intention,
and graciously incline him toward his subjects.
Partial English translation: 283 of 384 Arabic lines translated.
Sol 6.1