أحقُّmost deserving بالعزِّof honor منhe who لاnot يرهبfears الخطراdanger
أحقُّ بالعزِّ من لا يرهب الخطرا
ولاand not يعاقدُmakes a pact إلاَّexcept البيضَthe bright swords والسمراand the brown spears
ولا يعاقدُ إلاَّ البيضَ والسمرا
Most worthy of honor is he who does not fear danger,
He who does not fear danger deserves honor
and makes a pact with none but bright blades and brown spears.
He who does not enter into alliances except with the fair and dark skinned
والسيفand the sword أجدرmore fitting أنto يستلَّهdraw it لوغًىfor battle
والسيف أجدر أن يستلَّه لوغًى
مَنhe who ليسdoes not يغمدُهsheath it أوuntil يدركattains الظفراvictory
مَن ليس يغمدُه أو يدرك الظفرا
And most fit to draw the sword for battle
The sword deserves to be pulled out by one who is ferocious
is he who will not sheath it until he wins victory.
Who does not sheathe it or attain victory
وأبيضُand whitest العرضin honor منhe who فيin كفٍّهhis palm صدرتْreturned from watering
وأبيضُ العرض من في كفٍّه صدرتْ
بيضُwhite القواضبthe keen swords منfrom وردthe watering-place الدماof blood حمراred
بيضُ القواضب من ورد الدما حمرا
And purest in honor is he in whose hand have returned
The one with the whitest honor is he whose palm
white, keen blades, red from blood's watering-place.
The blades of the white swords from which blood turned red
لمdid not تقضfulfill منthrough وصلهunion with him بكرُthe virgin العُلىof glory وطراًa desire
لم تقض من وصله بكرُ العُلى وطراً
حتَّىuntil منamong الهامthe skulls يقضيfulfills سيفُهhis sword وطراa desire
حتَّى من الهام يقضي سيفُه وطرا
The virgin of glory has not satisfied her longing through union with him
He did not spend his youth frivolously
until his sword satisfies its longing upon skulls.
Until his sword from passions achieves his desire
وحوزةand the domain الملكof kingship أولىmost worthy فيin حياطتهاits protection
وحوزة الملك أولى في حياطتها
مَنhe who باتَspent the night فيin حفظهاguarding it يستعذبُfinds sweet السهراsleeplessness
مَن باتَ في حفظها يستعذبُ السهرا
And most worthy of guarding the royal domain
The task of protecting the kingdom is most suited
is he who finds sleepless vigil sweet in keeping it safe.
To one who spent the night protecting it, finding wakefulness sweet
وذيand this الرعيَّةpeople أحرىmost fit فيin سياستهاgoverning them
وذي الرعيَّة أحرى في سياستها
مَنhe who بالتجاربthrough experience غورَthe depths الدهرof time قدhas سبراsounded
مَن بالتجارب غورَ الدهر قد سبرا
And most fit to govern this people
And the one most suited to governing the commoners
is he who has sounded the depths of time through experience.
Is one who through experience has plumbed the depths of time
وليسand does not يملكُpossess يوماًever رقَّthe title of possession مملكةٍa kingdom
وليس يملكُ يوماً رقَّ مملكةٍ
مَنhe who ليسdoes not يملأُfill منهاof it السمعَthe hearing والبصراand the sight
مَن ليس يملأُ منها السمعَ والبصرا
Nor does anyone ever hold title to a kingdom
One cannot rule a kingdom even for a day
who does not fill its hearing and sight.
Unless his hearing and sight fill it
ولاand not تُراضare tamed أقاليمُthe provinces البلادof the country بمنby one who
ولا تُراض أقاليمُ البلاد بمن
لمdid not تسقِbe given to drink منfrom خُلقَيهhis two dispositions الصفوthe clear والكدراand the turbid
لم تسقِ من خُلقَيه الصفو والكدرا
Nor are the country's provinces tamed by one
The lands cannot be content with one
from whose two tempers they have not drunk the clear and the turbid.
Whose manners are not pure and turbid
والحلُّand loosening والعقدand binding لوif يوردbrings forth صوابهماtheir right courses
والحلُّ والعقد لو يورد صوابهما
إلاَّexcept الذيthe one who ثقةwith certainty عنfrom رأيهhis judgment صدراboth issued
إلاَّ الذي ثقة عن رأيه صدرا
And if the right courses of loosening and binding are brought forth,
Making decisions and tying bonds correctly
it is only by one from whose judgment both issue with certainty.
Except for one whose opinion flows from trusted insight
ولاand not تناطُare entrusted أمورُthe affairs الملكof kingship أجمعهاall of them
ولا تناطُ أمورُ الملك أجمعها
إلاَّexcept بمنto one who قارعcontended with الأيَّامthe days مقتدراwith power
إلاَّ بمن قارع الأيَّام مقتدرا
And all the affairs of kingship are entrusted
And the affairs of the kingdom cannot all be entrusted
only to one who has contended with the days in strength.
Except to one who has encountered the days with power
أماhave you not نظرتَyou looked لسلطانupon the sovereign البريَّةof mankind منwho
أما نظرتَ لسلطان البريَّة من
علىover الرعيَّةthe subjects ظلّthe shade العدلof justice قدhas نشراspread
على الرعيَّة ظلّ العدل قد نشرا
Have you not looked upon the sovereign of mankind, who
Have you not considered the sultan of the wild
has spread the shade of justice over his subjects?
Spreading the shade of justice over the commoners?
مَنhe whom ودّتwished الشهبُthe stars لوif only فيin ربعهhis dwelling هبطتْdescended
مَن ودّت الشهبُ لو في ربعه هبطتْ
فقبلتهthen kissed him وشمّتْand smelled تربهhis soil العطراfragrant
فقبلته وشمّتْ تربه العطرا
He into whose dwelling the stars wished to descend,
If shooting stars descend in his land
to kiss him and breathe the fragrance of his soil.
They kiss it and scent its soil with fragrance
كيفhow اغتدىhe became مودعاًentrusting أسرارَthe secrets حضرتهof his court
كيف اغتدى مودعاً أسرارَ حضرته
صدراًa breast أحاطَfully encompassed بأسرارof the secrets النهىof intellect خبراin knowledge
صدراً أحاطَ بأسرار النهى خبرا
See how he came to entrust the secrets of his court
How presumptuous is one made privy to his secrets
to a breast fully versed in the secrets of intellect,
With a heart encompassing the mysteries of the forbidden
وكيفand how أنزلهhe placed him منهin his esteem بمنزلةٍat a rank
وكيف أنزله منه بمنزلةٍ
لوif ينزلalighted البدرُthe full moon فيهاthere تاهَit would exult وافتخراand boast
لو ينزل البدرُ فيها تاهَ وافتخرا
and how he placed him, in his esteem, at a rank
He placed him in a position
where, were the full moon to alight, it would exult and boast.
As if the moon descends and wanders confused, boasting
لمdid not يبلِtest أخبارَهreports about him إلاَّexcept رأىhe saw ثقةًa trusted man
لم يبلِ أخبارَه إلاَّ رأى ثقةً
للملكfor the realm صدَّقconfirmed منهin him المخبرَthe proven reality الخبراthe report
للملك صدَّق منه المخبرَ الخبرا
He never tested reports of him without finding a trusted man
None came to know of it until he saw a trusted one
for the realm, whose proven worth confirmed the report.
Whose information the informant verified to the king
فقالَso he said خذْtake منصباًa station أُمُّthe mother العُلىof glory نصبتْhas erected
فقالَ خذْ منصباً أُمُّ العُلى نصبتْ
أسرةًthrones لكَfor you فيهthere الأنجمthe stars الزهراradiant
أسرةً لكَ فيه الأنجم الزهرا
So he said: 'Take a station where the mother of glory has raised
Saying: take this position the High Noble One appointed
thrones for you: the radiant stars.
The stars a place for you in which is gentleness
هذيthis الوزارةُthe vizierate فاحللْso dwell فيupon ذوائبهاits crests
هذي الوزارةُ فاحللْ في ذوائبها
فالحزمfor prudence للشمسfor the sun أنto تستوزرَappoint as vizier القمراthe moon
فالحزم للشمس أن تستوزرَ القمرا
This is the vizierate: take your place upon its crests,
This vizierate so enter into its folds
for the sun is wise to appoint the moon its vizier.'
For it is appropriate for the sun to appoint the moon
فقالthen he spoke فيaccording to رأيهhis judgment والسيفُand the sword يُجمعُgathers منfrom
فقال في رأيه والسيفُ يُجمعُ من
أطرافthe far reaches مملكةof the kingdom الإِسلامof Islam ماwhat انتشراhad scattered
أطراف مملكة الإِسلام ما انتشرا
Then he spoke according to his judgment, while the sword gathered from
So he said in his opinion, while the sword was gathering
the far reaches of Islam's kingdom what had scattered.
From the edges of the Islamic kingdom what had scattered
مؤيَّداًsupported بجنودٍby troops منfrom مهابتهthe awe he inspires
مؤيَّداً بجنودٍ من مهابته
قدhad انتضىunsheathed معهalongside it آراءهhis counsels زبراmasses of iron
قد انتضى معه آراءه زبرا
Supported by troops born of the awe he inspires,
Supported by armies whom his prestige
he had unsheathed his counsels alongside it—masses of iron.
Inspired with his opinions and educated
وباتand spent the night والدولةand the state الغرَّاءradiant يكلؤهاguarding it
وبات والدولة الغرَّاء يكلؤها
بعينwith the eye مستيقظٍof one awake لاnot يركبُtakes on الغرراperils
بعين مستيقظٍ لا يركبُ الغررا
And he spent the night guarding the radiant state
He spent the night while the radiant state entrusted him
with a wakeful eye that takes no hazardous chances.
With a wakeful eye not committing grave errors
إنif يجرِhe races فيin حلباتِthe arenas الرأيof judgment مبتدراًtaking the lead
إن يجرِ في حلباتِ الرأي مبتدراً
خلَّتْyielded لهto him الوزراءُthe viziers الوردَthe approach to water والصدراand the departure
خلَّتْ له الوزراءُ الوردَ والصدرا
If he races first into the arenas of judgment,
If he runs in the orbits of opinion taking the lead
the viziers yield him the approach to water and the departure.
The viziers make way for him, clearing his path
رأتهthey saw him أوسعهاthe broadest of them صدراًin breast وأجمعهاand most comprehensive of them
رأته أوسعها صدراً وأجمعها
فكراًin thought وأصدقهاand truest of them إنif شوورتthey were consulted نظراin insight
فكراً وأصدقها إن شوورت نظرا
They saw him as broadest in breast and most comprehensive
They saw him most open of chest and comprehensive of thought
in thought, and soundest in insight whenever they were consulted.
Most honest of them if he consulted an opinion
فسلَّمتْso they yielded لعلاهُto his eminence الأمرَauthority مذعنةًsubmissively
فسلَّمتْ لعلاهُ الأمرَ مذعنةً
لماto what يقولُhe says نهىhe forbade إنif شاءَhe wished أوor أمراhe commanded
لما يقولُ نهى إن شاءَ أو أمرا
So they yielded authority to his eminence, submitting
So they submitted command to his highness
to whatever he says, forbidding if he wishes, or commanding.
Submitting to what he says if he prohibits or commands
فهلcan it then تضيقُbe straitened بخطبٍby a calamity جاءَthat came منfrom بشرٍa mortal
فهل تضيقُ بخطبٍ جاءَ من بشرٍ
ذرعاًin capacity وإنeven if جلَّgrew grave ذاكthat الخطبُcalamity أوor كبراgrew great
ذرعاً وإن جلَّ ذاك الخطبُ أو كبرا
Can it then be straitened by a calamity brought by a mortal,
Can the address of a human constrict you
in its power to cope, however grave or great that calamity may be,
Even if that speech is momentous or great?
وصدرُهاand its chief minister الأعظمُthe greatest السَّاميexalted الذيwho تسعُgrows spacious
وصدرُها الأعظمُ السَّامي الذي تسعُ
الدنياthe world بهمَّتهthrough his resolve أعظمْhow great بهhe is بشراas a man
الدنيا بهمَّته أعظمْ به بشرا
when its exalted grand vizier is he who broadens
Her greatest bosom is the exalted one that contains
the world with his resolve—how great a man he is!
The world in its ambition - the greatest of humankind
ذوpossessor of عزمةٍa resolve مثلَlike صدرthe forepart السيفof the sword باترةٍcleaving
ذو عزمةٍ مثلَ صدر السيف باترةٍ
لوif لاقتit met الدهرَTime قرناًas an adversary عمرُهhis lifespan انبتراwould be cut short
لو لاقت الدهرَ قرناً عمرُه انبترا
A man of resolve that cleaves like the forepart of a sword,
With resolve like the blade of an Indian sword
were it to meet Time as an adversary, Time's lifespan would be cut short.
Even if it met time for an eon it would not break
رعىcared for المحبِّينthose who love him فيهاwithin it البدوَthe nomads والحضراand the townsfolk
رعى المحبِّين فيها البدوَ والحضرا
وروَّعand terrified المبغضينthose who hate him الرومَthe Romans والخزراand the Khazars
وروَّع المبغضين الرومَ والخزرا
There he cared for those who loved him, nomads and townsfolk,
He shepherded the nomads and the settled ones
and terrified those who hated him, Romans and Khazars.
And terrified the Romans and Khazars
قدhas قلَّدgirded الملكَkingship منهfrom himself سيفa sword ملحمةٍof fierce battle
قد قلَّد الملكَ منه سيف ملحمةٍ
لوif يقرعُit struck الصخرَstone يوماًone day بالدمwith blood انفجراit would gush
لو يقرعُ الصخرَ يوماً بالدم انفجرا
He has girded kingship with a battle-sword drawn from himself,
The king appointed him the sword of great battle
which, were it to strike stone one day, would make it gush blood.
If it struck the boulders they would gush blood
إذاwhen الجباهُthe foreheads بذلِّwith the humiliation العجزِof helplessness قدhave وُسِمتْbeen branded
إذا الجباهُ بذلِّ العجزِ قد وُسِمتْ
فيon جبهةthe forehead الموتof Death أبقىleft حدَّهhis edge أثراa mark
في جبهة الموت أبقى حدَّه أثرا
When foreheads have been branded with the humiliation of helplessness,
When the cowards were marked on their foreheads
his edge has left its mark upon the forehead of Death.
In the face of death its line remained
يستصغرُhe deems insignificant الحربَwar حتَّىto the point that ماnot يباشرهاhe undertakes it
يستصغرُ الحربَ حتَّى ما يباشرها
بنفسهin person ولهاand for it إنif باشرَhe undertook السفراthe journey
بنفسه ولها إن باشرَ السفرا
He deems war so small that he does not undertake it
He considers war insignificant unless
himself; yet, were he to undertake the journey for it,
He undertakes it himself and travels for it
لجاءَhe would come والهمَّةand the resolve العلياءُlofty فيهwithin him أتتْsurged
لجاءَ والهمَّة العلياءُ فيه أتتْ
كالسَّيلِlike the torrent منfrom قللthe peaks الأجبالof the mountains منحدراdescending
كالسَّيلِ من قلل الأجبال منحدرا
he would come, with lofty resolve in him surging,
High ambition came to him
like a torrent descending from the mountain peaks,
Like a torrent from the peaks of mountains cascading
فيwith جحفلٍa mighty host إنif سرىit marched by night ضاقتْbecame cramped بأوَّلهby its vanguard
في جحفلٍ إن سرى ضاقتْ بأوَّله
الدنياthe world وآخرهand its rear لمdid not يدرِknow أينَwhere سرىit marched by night
الدنيا وآخره لم يدرِ أينَ سرى
with a mighty host whose vanguard, marching by night, would crowd
In a horde, if it marched, its vanguard
the world, while its rear would not know where it had marched;
Filled the earth and its rear was unseen
وخاضَand he plunged into بحرَthe sea الوغىof battle بالحزمِwith prudence محتزماًgirded
وخاضَ بحرَ الوغى بالحزمِ محتزماً
بالنقعin dust ملتثماًface-veiled بالصبرِin patience متَّزراwrapped at the waist
بالنقع ملتثماً بالصبرِ متَّزرا
and he would plunge into the sea of battle, girded with prudence,
He plunged into the sea of turmoil with wisdom, cautious,
his face veiled in dust, his waist wrapped in patience,
Girded with purpose, cloaked in patience,
حتَّىuntil تضجّcry out ملوكُthe kings الأرضof the earth قائلةًsaying
حتَّى تضجّ ملوكُ الأرض قائلةً
كذاthus بنيwas built الملكkingship فلينصرهso let him aid it منwhoever نصراhas aided
كذا بني الملك فلينصره من نصرا
until the kings of the earth cried out, saying:
Until the kings of earth cry out
'Thus was kingship built; let its supporters support it!'
So did the king's son, may he who aided him aid him
هيهاتfar beyond reach هذيthese فعالٌdeeds لاnot يقومcan stand لهاagainst them
هيهات هذي فعالٌ لا يقوم لها
مَنthose who قدalready قضىdied منهمُamong them قدماًlong ago ومَنand those who غَبراremain
مَن قد قضى منهمُ قدماً ومَن غَبرا
Far beyond reach! These are deeds that cannot be matched
Alas! These are deeds no one else could undertake
by those among them who died long ago or those who remain.
Whether they came before or after
لوif مدَّstretched قيصرُCaesar باعاًan armspan نحوهاtoward them قصراit would fall short
لو مدَّ قيصرُ باعاً نحوها قصرا
أوor رامهاsought them قبلُbefore كسرىKisra الفرسof Persia لانكسراhe would be broken
أو رامها قبلُ كسرى الفرس لانكسرا
Were Caesar to stretch his arms toward them, his reach would fall short;
If Caesar extended a hand against it, his palace would fracture
or had Kisra of Persia sought them before, he would have been broken.
Or if Chosroes of Persia had desired it earlier, he would have collapsed
فعالُdeeds منتصرٍof a champion للهfor God قامَcarried out بهاthem
فعالُ منتصرٍ لله قامَ بها
فيfor the sake of اللهGod منهياًheeding prohibitions للهfor God مؤتمراobeying commands
في الله منهياً لله مؤتمرا
Deeds of a champion of God, who undertook them
These are the deeds of one victorious through God, achieved
for God's sake, heeding His prohibitions and obeying His commands.
Through God, ordained by God, conferred
إنْif ينتقمْhe takes vengeance فحقوقthen the rights اللهof God يأخذهاhe exacts them
إنْ ينتقمْ فحقوق الله يأخذها
وليسand he does not يلغيannul حقوقَthe rights اللهof God إنif غفراhe forgives
وليس يلغي حقوقَ الله إن غفرا
If he takes vengeance, it is God's rights he exacts,
Whether he takes revenge, he takes God's rights
nor does he annul God's rights when he forgives.
He does not void God's rights if he forgives
حلوُsweet السجاياin character رقيقٌgentle طبعهhis nature عذبٌsweet
حلوُ السجايا رقيقٌ طبعه عذبٌ
لهhe has خلائقُqualities ينفيbanishes صفوُهاtheir clarity الكدراthe murk
له خلائقُ ينفي صفوُها الكدرا
Sweet in character, his nature tender and sweet,
Sweet natured, gentle, pleasant
he has qualities whose clarity banishes murk.
His traits negate all bitterness
خلائقٌqualities كالحميَّاlike potent wine لوif ترشَّفهاsipped them
خلائقٌ كالحميَّا لو ترشَّفها
مَنone who كانَused to يبغضهhate him فيin حبِّهlove for him سكراwould grow drunk
مَن كانَ يبغضه في حبِّه سكرا
Qualities like potent wine—were they sipped
Traits like protective forgiveness
by one who hated him, he would grow drunk with love for him.
If an enemy gained it, he would be intoxicated with love
آنستِyou found solace ياO وحشةdesolation الدنياof the world بذيin one possessing كرمٍgenerosity
آنستِ يا وحشة الدنيا بذي كرمٍ
أحياrevived بجدواهُwith his bounty ميتَdead الجودِgenerosity فانتشراand it rose again
أحيا بجدواهُ ميتَ الجودِ فانتشرا
You have found solace, O desolation of the world, in a generous man,
Take comfort O Barren world, in this generous one
who, with his bounty, revived dead generosity, and it rose again.
Who revived the deceased generosity so it spread
ليسnot السحائبُthe clouds تحكيهmatch him وقدand have علمتْknown
ليس السحائبُ تحكيه وقد علمتْ
منfrom كفِّهhis palm ماؤهاtheir water قدalready كانَwas معتصراwrung out
من كفِّه ماؤها قد كانَ معتصرا
The clouds do not match him, knowing
Neither the clouds relate him, though they know
that their water was wrung from his palm.
From his palm their water was squeezed
ولاand not البحارُthe seas تضاهيهِrival him وقدand have طمحتْsurged high
ولا البحارُ تضاهيهِ وقد طمحتْ
أمواجهاtheir waves فهيso they بخلاًmiserly تحرزُhoard الدرراthe pearls
أمواجها فهي بخلاً تحرزُ الدررا
Nor do the seas rival him, though surging high
Nor the seas rival him, though their waves
are their waves; miserly, they hoard the pearls.
In stinginess guard their pearls from him
لمdid not يجرِrace حاتمُHatim طيٍّof Tayy أوor أبوAbu دلفٍDulaf
لم يجرِ حاتمُ طيٍّ أو أبو دلفٍ
إلاَّexcept وعنand short of شأوهِhis reach بالجودِin generosity قدalready حسراgrew weary
إلاَّ وعن شأوهِ بالجودِ قد حسرا
Neither Hatim of Tayy nor Abu Dulaf ever raced
Neither Hatim Tayy nor Abu Dulf
without tiring short of his reach in generosity.
Could match his magnanimity
وإنَّand indeed معناMa'n علىdespite ماwhat فيهhe has منof كرمٍgenerosity
وإنَّ معنا على ما فيه من كرمٍ
لوif كانَhad عاصرَهbeen his contemporary فيin الجودِgenerosity ماnot ذكراbeen mentioned
لو كانَ عاصرَه في الجودِ ما ذكرا
And Ma'n, for all the generosity in him,
Though the one we have surpasses them in generosity
had he lived in his time, would not have been mentioned for generosity.
If he were their contemporary he would eclipse them
ياO مَنyou who نرىwe see الناسَthe people أنَّىwherever غابَhe was absent غائبةًabsent
يا مَن نرى الناسَ أنَّى غابَ غائبةً
جميعهاall of them وحضوراًand present أينماwherever حضراhe was present
جميعها وحضوراً أينما حضرا
O you, wherever you are absent, we see the people absent,
O you whom we see people, wherever the absent was absent
all of them—and present wherever you are present.
And wherever the present was present, all together
أمجلساًas an assembly? لكfor you هذيthis الأرضearth قدhas جُمعتbeen gathered
أمجلساً لك هذي الأرض قد جُمعت
أمor أنتَyou قدindeed ضمنتْhave enclosed أبرادُكyour cloaks البشراmankind
أم أنتَ قد ضمنتْ أبرادُك البشرا
Has this earth been gathered as an assembly for you,
Is this earth an assembly gathered for you?
or is it you whose cloaks have enclosed mankind?
Or have your tents encompassed humankind?
إنindeed الصَّدارةthe chief office لمnot يصلحْwas suited سواكَanyone but you لهاfor it
إن الصَّدارة لم يصلحْ سواكَ لها
كأنَّهاas though it were أبداًalways عينٌan eye وأنتَand you كرىslumber
كأنَّها أبداً عينٌ وأنتَ كرى
Indeed, none but you is suited to the chief office,
None but you is suited for prominence
as though it were always an eye, and you its slumber.
As if it was made solely for you originally
لاmay not زالَcease سعدُكyour good fortune بالإِقبالِwith prosperity مقترناًjoined
لا زالَ سعدُك بالإِقبالِ مقترناً
يستخدمُemploys المبهجينthe two joy-bringers النصرَvictory والظفراand triumph
يستخدمُ المبهجين النصرَ والظفرا
May your good fortune ever be joined to prosperity,
Your good fortune remains associated with favor
employing the two bringers of joy: victory and triumph.
Served by the joyous, victory, and success
Sol 6.1