طَلَبتُI sought الصِباyouthful pleasures إِذwhen عَلاrose المَكبَرُold age
طَلَبتُ الصِبا إِذ عَلا المَكبَرُ
وَشابَand turned gray القَذالُthe back of the head وَماyet not تُقصِرُyou desist
وَشابَ القَذالُ وَما تُقصِرُ
I sought youthful pleasures when old age took hold,
and the back of the head turned gray, yet you do not desist.
وَبانَand departed الشَبابُyouth وَلَذّاتُهُand its pleasures
وَبانَ الشَبابُ وَلَذّاتُهُ
وَمِثلُكَand one like you فيin الجَهلِfolly لاnot يُعذَرُis excused
وَمِثلُكَ في الجَهلِ لا يُعذَرُ
Youth and its pleasures have departed,
and one like you is not excused for folly.
وَقالَand said العَواذِلُthe reproachers هَلwhether يَنتَهيhe desists
وَقالَ العَواذِلُ هَل يَنتَهي
فَيَقدَعُهُso restrains him الشَيبُgray hair أَوor يَقصِرُhe holds back
فَيَقدَعُهُ الشَيبُ أَو يَقصِرُ
The reproachers said, 'Will he desist,
will gray hair check him, or will he hold back?'
وَفيand in أَربَعينَforty تَوَفَّيتُهاI completed them
وَفي أَربَعينَ تَوَفَّيتُها
وَعَشرٍand ten مَضَتpassed ليfor me مُستَبصَرُa source of insight
وَعَشرٍ مَضَت لي مُستَبصَرُ
And in forty years that I have completed,
and ten that have passed, there is insight for me,
وَمَوعِظَةٌand an admonition لِاِمرِءٍfor a man حازِمٍresolute
وَمَوعِظَةٌ لِاِمرِءٍ حازِمٍ
إِذاif كانَhe is يَسمَعُhe listens أَوor يُبصِرُhe sees
إِذا كانَ يَسمَعُ أَو يُبصِرُ
and admonition for a resolute man,
if he listens or sees.
فَلاso do not تَأسَفَنَّever grieve عَلىover ماwhat مَضىhas passed
فَلا تَأسَفَنَّ عَلى ما مَضى
وَلاand do not يَحزُنَنَّكَsadden you ماwhat يُدبِرُpasses away
وَلا يَحزُنَنَّكَ ما يُدبِرُ
So never grieve over what has passed,
nor let what slips away sadden you.
فَإِنَّfor indeed الحَوادِثَcalamities تُبليwear down الفَتىthe man
فَإِنَّ الحَوادِثَ تُبلي الفَتى
وَإِنَّand indeed الزَمانَtime بِهِto him يَعثُرُbrings stumbling
وَإِنَّ الزَمانَ بِهِ يَعثُرُ
For calamities wear a man down,
and time trips him up.
فَيَوماًso on one day يُساءُhe is saddened بِماby what نابَهُbefell him
فَيَوماً يُساءُ بِما نابَهُ
وَيَوماًand on one day يُسَرُّhe is gladdened فَيَستَبشِرُand so rejoices
وَيَوماً يُسَرُّ فَيَستَبشِرُ
One day he is saddened by what befalls him,
and another he is gladdened and rejoices.
وَمِنand of كُلِّall ذَلِكَthat يَلقىencounters الفَتىthe man
وَمِن كُلِّ ذَلِكَ يَلقى الفَتى
وَيُمنىand is allotted لَهُto him مِنهُof it ماwhat يُقدَرُis decreed
وَيُمنى لَهُ مِنهُ ما يُقدَرُ
A man encounters all of this,
and what is decreed of it is allotted to him.
كَأَنِّيَas though I لَمnot أَرتَحِلmounted جَسرَةًa sturdy she-camel
كَأَنِّيَ لَم أَرتَحِل جَسرَةً
وَلَمand not أَجفِهاI wore her down بَعدَafter ماverbal-noun particle تَضمِرُshe grows lean
وَلَم أَجفِها بَعدَ ما تَضمِرُ
As though I had never mounted a sturdy she-camel,
nor worn her down after she grew lean,
فَأُجشِمُهاso I make her toil through كُلَّevery دَيمومَةٍtrackless desert
فَأُجشِمُها كُلَّ دَيمومَةٍ
وَيَعرِفُهاand knows her البَلَدُthe land المُقفِرُdesolate
وَيَعرِفُها البَلَدُ المُقفِرُ
making her toil across every trackless waste,
and the desolate land knows her;
وَلَمand not أَشهَدِI witnessed البَأسَthe fighting يَومَthe day of الوَغىbattle
وَلَم أَشهَدِ البَأسَ يَومَ الوَغى
عَلَيَّupon me المُفاضَةُthe ample coat of mail وَالمِغفَرُand the mail-coif
عَلَيَّ المُفاضَةُ وَالمِغفَرُ
nor witnessed fighting on the day of battle,
with ample mail and a mail-coif upon me;
وَلَمand not أَخرِقِI pierced الصَفَّthe ranks حَتّىuntil تَميsway (first part)
وَلَم أَخرِقِ الصَفَّ حَتّى تَمي
لَcompletion of 'sway' دارِعَةُthe armored men of القَومِthe people وَالحُسَّرُand the unarmored
لَ دارِعَةُ القَومِ وَالحُسَّرُ
nor pierced the ranks until they swayed—
the people's armored men and the unarmored;
وَتَحتيand beneath me جَرداءَa sleek mare خَيفانَةٌswift as a locust
وَتَحتي جَرداءَ خَيفانَةٌ
مِنَof الخَيلِthe horses أَوor سابِحٌa swimming-gaited steed مُجفَرُbroad-barreled
مِنَ الخَيلِ أَو سابِحٌ مُجفَرُ
and beneath me a sleek, locust-swift mare,
of the horses—or a broad-barreled steed that swims along.
أُطاعِنُI thrust بِالرُمحِwith the spear حَتّىuntil اللَباthe breast (first part)
أُطاعِنُ بِالرُمحِ حَتّى اللَبا
نُcompletion of 'breast' يَجريflows بِهِover it العَلَقُclotted blood الأَحمَرُred
نُ يَجري بِهِ العَلَقُ الأَحمَرُ
I thrust with the spear until the breast
runs with red, clotted blood.
وَماand not كُنتَyou were فيin الحَربِwar إِذwhen شَمَّرَتit girded itself
وَما كُنتَ في الحَربِ إِذ شَمَّرَت
كَمَنlike one who لاnot يُذيبُmelts وَلاand not يُخثِرُthickens
كَمَن لا يُذيبُ وَلا يُخثِرُ
And you were not in war, when it girded itself,
like one who neither melts nor thickens.
وَلَكِنَّنيbut I كُنتَyou were (context: I was) ذاpossessed of مِرَّةٍstrength
وَلَكِنَّني كُنتَ ذا مِرَّةٍ
عَطوفاًturning back to help إِذاwhen هَتَفَcried out المُحجَرُthe beleaguered man
عَطوفاً إِذا هَتَفَ المُحجَرُ
But I was a man of strength,
turning back to help when the beleaguered man cried out.
أُجيبُI answer الصَريخَthe caller for help إِذاwhen ماemphatic particle دَعاhe calls
أُجيبُ الصَريخَ إِذا ما دَعا
وَعِندَand at الهِياجِthe tumult أَناI المِسعَرُthe kindler
وَعِندَ الهِياجِ أَنا المِسعَرُ
I answer the caller for help whenever he calls,
and in the fray I am the kindler.
فَإِنso if أُمسِI have come to be قَدalready لاحَhas appeared فِيَّin me المَشيgray hair (first part)
فَإِن أُمسِ قَد لاحَ فِيَّ المَشي
بُcompletion of 'gray hair' أُمَّO mother of البَنينِthe sons فَقَدyet indeed أَذكُرُI remember
بُ أُمَّ البَنينِ فَقَد أَذكُرُ
Though I have come to show gray hair,
Umm al-Banin, I can still remember
رَخاءًease مِنَof العَيشِlife كُنّاwe were بِهِin it
رَخاءً مِنَ العَيشِ كُنّا بِهِ
إِذwhen الدَهرُtime خالٍfree لَناfor us مُصحِرُopen
إِذ الدَهرُ خالٍ لَنا مُصحِرُ
a life of ease that we once enjoyed,
when time was free and open to us,
وَإِذand when أَناI فيin عُنفُوانِthe prime of الشَباyouth (first part)
وَإِذ أَنا في عُنفُوانِ الشَبا
بِcompletion of 'youth' يُعجِبُنيpleases me اللَهوُdiversion وَالسَمَّرُand nighttime conversation
بِ يُعجِبُني اللَهوُ وَالسَمَّرُ
and when I was in the prime of youth,
delighting in diversion and nighttime conversation.
أَصيدُI hunt الحَسانَbeautiful women وَيَصطَدنَنيand they hunt me
أَصيدُ الحَسانَ وَيَصطَدنَني
وَتُعجِبُنيand pleases me الكاعِبُthe budding-breasted maiden المُعصِرُnewly mature
وَتُعجِبُني الكاعِبُ المُعصِرُ
I hunted beautiful women, and they hunted me;
the budding-breasted, nubile maiden delighted me.
وَبَيضاءَand a fair-skinned woman مِثلُlike مَهاةِan oryx of الكَثيthe dune (first part)
وَبَيضاءَ مِثلُ مَهاةِ الكَثي
بِcompletion of 'dune' لاno عَيبَflaw فيهاin her لِمَنfor whoever يَنظُرُlooks
بِ لا عَيبَ فيها لِمَن يَنظُرُ
And a fair-skinned woman, like an oryx of the dune,
with no flaw in her for anyone who looks;
كَأَنَّas though مُقَلَّدَهاher necklace-bearing neck إِذwhen بَداappeared
كَأَنَّ مُقَلَّدَها إِذ بَدا
بِهِupon it الدُرُّpearls وَالشَذرُand gold beads وَالجَوهَرُand gemstones
بِهِ الدُرُّ وَالشَذرُ وَالجَوهَرُ
as though her necklace-bearing neck, when it appeared
with pearls, gold beads, and gemstones upon it,
مُقَلَّدُthe neck of أَدماءَa white female antelope نَجدِيَّةٍof Najd
مُقَلَّدُ أَدماءَ نَجدِيَّةٍ
يَعِنُّappears لَهاbefore her شادِنٌa fawn أَحوَرُdark-eyed
يَعِنُّ لَها شادِنٌ أَحوَرُ
were the neck of a white antelope of Najd,
before whom a dark-eyed fawn appears;
كَأَنَّas though جَنىthe harvest of النَحلِthe bees وَالزَنجَبيand ginger (first part)
كَأَنَّ جَنى النَحلِ وَالزَنجَبي
لِcompletion of 'ginger' وَالفارِسِيَّةِand the Persian vintage إِذwhen نَعصَرُwe press
لِ وَالفارِسِيَّةِ إِذ نَعصَرُ
as though honey and ginger,
and the Persian vintage, when we press it,
يُصَّبُّis poured عَلىover بَردِthe coolness of أَنيابِهاher canine teeth
يُصَّبُّ عَلى بَردِ أَنيابِها
مُخالِطَهُmingled with it المِسكُmusk وَالعَنبَرُand ambergris
مُخالِطَهُ المِسكُ وَالعَنبَرُ
were poured over the coolness of her teeth,
mingled with musk and ambergris.
إِذاwhen اِنصَرفَتshe turns away وَتَلَوَّتand twist بِهاaround her
إِذا اِنصَرفَت وَتَلَوَّت بِها
رَقاقُfine المَجاسِدِbody-garments وَالمِئزَرُand the waist-wrap
رَقاقُ المَجاسِدِ وَالمِئزَرُ
When she turns away and around her twist
fine body-garments and her waist-wrap,
وَغَصَّand grips tightly السِوارُthe bracelet وَجالَand moves loosely الوِشاحُthe jeweled sash
وَغَصَّ السِوارُ وَجالَ الوِشاحُ
عَلىover عُكَنٍfolds of flesh خَصرُهاher waist مُضمَرُslender
عَلى عُكَنٍ خَصرُها مُضمَرُ
her bracelet grips tight and her jeweled sash moves loosely
over folds of flesh, though her waist is slender.
وَضاقَand is too tight عَنِfor الساقِthe shank خَلخالُهاher anklet
وَضاقَ عَنِ الساقِ خَلخالُها
فَكادَso nearly مُخَدَّمُهاher ankleted leg يَندُرُfalls off
فَكادَ مُخَدَّمُها يَندُرُ
And her anklet is too tight for her shank,
so her ankleted leg nearly breaks off.
فَتورُlanguid in القِيامِrising رَخيمُsoft in الكَلامِspeech
فَتورُ القِيامِ رَخيمُ الكَلامِ
يُفَزِّعُهاstartles her الصَوتُthe voice إِذwhen تُزجَرُshe is rebuked
يُفَزِّعُها الصَوتُ إِذ تُزجَرُ
Languid in rising, soft of speech,
a voice startles her when she is rebuked.
وَتُنمىand is traced إِلىto حَسَبِlineage شامِخٍlofty
وَتُنمى إِلى حَسَبِ شامِخٍ
فَلَيسَتso she is not تُكَذَّبُcalled a liar إِذwhen تَفخَرُshe boasts
فَلَيسَت تُكَذَّبُ إِذ تَفخَرُ
Her descent is traced to a lofty lineage,
so she is not called a liar when she boasts.
فَتِلكَso that one الَّتيwho شَفَّنيhas wasted me حُبُّهاher love
فَتِلكَ الَّتي شَفَّني حُبُّها
وَحَمَّلَنيand has burdened me فَوقَbeyond ماwhat أَقدِرُI can bear
وَحَمَّلَني فَوقَ ما أَقدِرُ
She is the one whose love has wasted me,
and burdened me beyond what I can bear.
فَلاso do not تَعذِلانيyou two reproach me فيfor حُبِّهاlove for her
فَلا تَعذِلاني في حُبِّها
فَإِنّيfor I بِمَعذِرَةٍof an excuse أَجدَرُam more deserving
فَإِنّي بِمَعذِرَةٍ أَجدَرُ
So do not reproach me, you two, for loving her,
for I am more deserving of excuse.
وَقولاand say, you two لِذيto one with طَرَبٍyearning عاشِقٍin love
وَقولا لِذي طَرَبٍ عاشِقٍ
أَشَطَّhas grown distant المَزارُthe place of visiting بِمَنof the one whom تَذكُرُyou remember
أَشَطَّ المَزارُ بِمَن تَذكُرُ
And you two, say to a yearning lover:
'Far away is the one you remember and would visit—
بِكوفِيَّةٍwith a Kufan woman أَصلُهاher origins بِالفُراby the Euphrates (first part)
بِكوفِيَّةٍ أَصلُها بِالفُرا
تِcompletion of 'Euphrates' تَبدوshe dwells in the desert هُنالِكَthere أَوor تَحضُرُshe dwells in town
تِ تَبدو هُنالِكَ أَو تَحضُرُ
a Kufan woman with roots by the Euphrates,
who lives there in the desert or in town—
وَأَنتَwhile you تَسيرُjourney إِلىto المُكَّرانِMakran
وَأَنتَ تَسيرُ إِلى المُكَّرانِ
فَقَدso indeed شَحَطَhas grown distant الوِردُthe approach to water وَالمَصدَرُand the return from water
فَقَد شَحَطَ الوِردُ وَالمَصدَرُ
while you journey toward Makran:
far off are the outward journey and the return.'
وَلَمand not تَكُwas it مِنamong حاجَتيmy desires مُكَّرانMakran
وَلَم تَكُ مِن حاجَتي مُكَّران
وَلاnor الغَزوُcampaigning فيهاin it وَلاnor المَتجَرُtrading
وَلا الغَزوُ فيها وَلا المَتجَرُ
And Makran was never among my desires,
nor campaigning there, nor trading.
وَخُبِّرتُand I was told عَنهاabout it وَلَمand not آتِهاI came to it
وَخُبِّرتُ عَنها وَلَم آتِها
فَماso never زِلتُhave I ceased مِنat ذِكرِهاits mention أُذعَرُbeing frightened
فَما زِلتُ مِن ذِكرِها أُذعَرُ
I was told about it, though I had never been there,
and its mention has never ceased to frighten me:
بِأَنَّthat الكَثيرَthe many بِهاthere جائِعٌhungry
بِأَنَّ الكَثيرَ بِها جائِعٌ
وَأَنَّand that القَليلَthe few بِهاthere مُقتِرُimpoverished
وَأَنَّ القَليلَ بِها مُقتِرُ
that the many there go hungry,
and the few there live in poverty;
وَأَنَّand that لِحىthe beards of الناسِthe people مِنfrom حَرِّهاits heat
وَأَنَّ لِحى الناسِ مِن حَرِّها
تَطولُgrow long فَتُجلَمُthen are clipped أَوor تَضفَرُare braided
تَطولُ فَتُجلَمُ أَو تَضفَرُ
and that people's beards, from its heat,
grow long, then are clipped or braided.
وَيَزعُمُand claims مَنwhoever جاءَهاcame to it قَبلَناbefore us
وَيَزعُمُ مَن جاءَها قَبلَنا
بِأَنّاthat we سَنَسهَمُshall grow gaunt أَوor نُنحَرُbe slaughtered
بِأَنّا سَنَسهَمُ أَو نُنحَرُ
Those who came there before us claim
that we shall grow gaunt or be slaughtered.
أَعوذُI seek refuge بِرَبّيin my Lord مِنfrom المُخزِياdisgraces (first part)
أَعوذُ بِرَبّي مِن المُخزِيا
تِcompletion of 'disgraces' فيماin what أُسِرُّI conceal وَماand what أَجهَرُI proclaim
تِ فيما أُسِرُّ وَما أَجهَرُ
I seek refuge in my Lord from disgraces,
in what I conceal and what I proclaim.
وَحُدِّثتُand I was told أَنthat مالَناwe have no رَجعَةٌreturn
وَحُدِّثتُ أَن مالَنا رَجعَةٌ
سِنينَfor years وَمِنand from بَعدِهاafter them أَشهُرُmonths
سِنينَ وَمِن بَعدِها أَشهُرُ
And I was told that we would have no return
for years, and months after them;
إِلىby ذاكَthat time ماemphatic particle شابَwill have turned gray أَبناؤُناour sons
إِلى ذاكَ ما شابَ أَبناؤُنا
وَبادَand will have perished الأَخِلّاءُclose friends وَالمَعشَرُand the company
وَبادَ الأَخِلّاءُ وَالمَعشَرُ
by then our sons will have turned gray,
and close friends and companions will have perished.
وَماand not كانَthere was بيin me مِنany نَشاطٍeagerness لَهاfor it
وَما كانَ بي مِن نَشاطٍ لَها
وَإِنّيand indeed I لَذوsurely possess عُدَّةٍequipment موسِرُwealthy
وَإِنّي لَذو عُدَّةٍ موسِرُ
And I had no eagerness for it,
though I am well equipped and wealthy.
وَلَكِنbut بُعِثتُI was sent لَهاto it كارِهاًunwilling
وَلَكِن بُعِثتُ لَها كارِهاً
وَقيلَand it was said اِنطلِقgo forth كَالَّذيlike one who يومَرُis ordered
وَقيلَ اِنطلِق كَالَّذي يومَرُ
But I was sent to it unwillingly,
and told, 'Go forth!' like one under orders.
فَكانَso there was النَجاءُhastening away وَلَمand not أَلتَفِتI turned back
فَكانَ النَجاءُ وَلَم أَلتَفِت
إِلَيهِمtoward them وَشَرُّهُمُand their evil مُنكَرُabhorrent
إِلَيهِم وَشَرُّهُمُ مُنكَرُ
So I hastened away and did not turn
toward them; their evil is abhorrent.
هُوَit السَيفُthe sword جُرِّدَdrawn مِنfrom غِمدِهِits sheath
هُوَ السَيفُ جُرِّدَ مِن غِمدِهِ
فَلَيسَso there is no عَنfrom السَيفِthe sword مُستَأخَرُholding back
فَلَيسَ عَن السَيفِ مُستَأخَرُ
It is the sword, drawn from its sheath,
so there is no holding back before the sword.
وَكَمand how many مِنof أَخٍa brother ليof mine مُستَأنِسٍclose in friendship
وَكَم مِن أَخٍ لي مُستَأنِسٍ
يَظَلُّkeeps بِهِwithin him الدَمعُthe tears يَستَحسِرُgrowing exhausted
يَظَلُّ بِهِ الدَمعُ يَستَحسِرُ
And many a brother of mine, close in friendship,
whose tears keep flowing until exhausted,
يودِّعُنيhe bids me farewell وَاِنتَحَتand surges forth عَبرَةٌa flood of tears
يودِّعُني وَاِنتَحَت عَبرَةٌ
لَهُfor him كَالجَداوِلِlike streams أَوor أَغزَرُmore copious
لَهُ كَالجَداوِلِ أَو أَغزَرُ
bids me farewell, while a flood of tears surges
from him like streams, or more abundantly.
فَلَستُso I am not بِلاقيهِgoing to meet him مِنfrom بَعدِهاafter it
فَلَستُ بِلاقيهِ مِن بَعدِها
يَدَthe whole span of الدَهرِtime ماas long as هَبَّتِblows الصَرصَرُthe cold, howling gale
يَدَ الدَهرِ ما هَبَّتِ الصَرصَرُ
I shall not meet him after this
for all time, as long as the icy, howling gale blows.
وَقَدand already قيلَit has been said إِنَّكُمthat you all عابِروcrossing (first part)
وَقَد قيلَ إِنَّكُم عابِرو
نَcompletion of 'crossing' بَحراًa sea لَهاto it لَمnot يَكُنit was يُعبَرُbeing crossed
نَ بَحراً لَها لَم يَكُن يُعبَرُ
And it has been said that you are to cross
a sea, to reach it, that had never been crossed,
إِلىto السِندِSind وَالهِندِand India فيin أَرضِهِمtheir land
إِلى السِندِ وَالهِندِ في أَرضِهِم
هُمُthey الجِنُّthe jinn لَكِنَّهُمbut they أَنكَرُstranger
هُمُ الجِنُّ لَكِنَّهُم أَنكَرُ
to Sind and India, in their own land;
they are jinn, but stranger still.
وَماand not رامَsought غَزواًa campaign لَهاagainst it قَبلَناbefore us
وَما رامَ غَزواً لَها قَبلَنا
أَكابِرُthe great men of عادٍ'Ad وَلاnor حِميَرُHimyar
أَكابِرُ عادٍ وَلا حِميَرُ
Before us, no invasion of it was sought
by the great men of 'Ad, nor by Himyar;
وَلاnor رامَsought سابورُShapur غَزواًa campaign لَهاagainst it
وَلا رامَ سابورُ غَزواً لَها
وَلّاnor الشَيخُthe aged man كِسرىKhosrow وَلاnor قَيصَرُCaesar
وَلّا الشَيخُ كِسرى وَلا قَيصَرُ
nor did Shapur seek to invade it,
nor the aged Khosrow, nor Caesar.
وَمِنand from دونِهاbefore it مَعبَرٌa crossing واسِعٌwide
وَمِن دونِها مَعبَرٌ واسِعٌ
وَأَجرٌand a reward عَظيمٌgreat لِمَنfor whoever يُؤجَرُis rewarded
وَأَجرٌ عَظيمٌ لِمَن يُؤجَرُ
And before it lies a broad crossing,
and a great reward for whoever is granted it.
Sol 6.1