أُسائِلُI question سَيفيmy sword أَيُّwhich بارِقَةٍflash of lightning تُجديavails
أُسائِلُ سَيفي أَيُّ بارِقَةٍ تُجدي
وَليand I have رَغبَةٌan aversion عَمَّنto whoever يُعَلِّلُputs off بِالوَعدِwith promises
وَلي رَغبَةٌ عَمَّن يُعَلِّلُ بِالوَعدِ
I ask my sword: which flash of lightning will avail?
And I shun those who put me off with promises.
وَأَطلُبُand I seek فيin الدُنياthis world العُلىeminence وَرَكائِبيand my riding camels
وَأَطلُبُ في الدُنيا العُلى وَرَكائِبي
مُقَلقَلَةٌrestlessly driven ماthe space بَينَbetween غَورٍlowland إِلىto نَجدِhighland
مُقَلقَلَةٌ ما بَينَ غَورٍ إِلى نَجدِ
I seek eminence in this world, while my riding camels
Are driven restlessly from lowland to highland.
يُشَتِّتُscatters تُربُthe dust of القاعِthe plain وَسمَthe imprint of أَكُفِّهاtheir feet
يُشَتِّتُ تُربُ القاعِ وَسمَ أَكُفِّها
وَأَخفافُهاand their padded feet فيin حَيِّزِthe realm of النَصِّracing وَالوَخدِand swift striding
وَأَخفافُها في حَيِّزِ النَصِّ وَالوَخدِ
The plain's dust scatters the imprints of their feet,
While their padded feet keep to racing and swift strides.
وَخِطَّةِand many a course of ضَيمٍhumiliation خادَعَتنيtried to deceive me فَفِتُّهاbut I escaped it
وَخِطَّةِ ضَيمٍ خادَعَتني فَفِتُّها
إِلىtoward مَطلَعٍan ascent بَينَbetween المَذَمَّةِreproach وَالحَمدِand praise
إِلى مَطلَعٍ بَينَ المَذَمَّةِ وَالحَمدِ
Many a course of humiliation tried to deceive me, but I escaped it,
Toward an ascent between reproach and praise.
وَيَومٍand many a day مِنَof الشِعرىSirius خَرَقتُI traversed وَشَمسُهُwhile its sun
وَيَومٍ مِنَ الشِعرى خَرَقتُ وَشَمسُهُ
تَساقَطُfalls مِنfrom هامِthe crests of الإِكامِthe hills إِلىto الوَهدِthe hollows
تَساقَطُ مِن هامِ الإِكامِ إِلى الوَهدِ
Many a day of Sirius's season I traversed, while its sun
Fell from the hilltops into the hollows.
وَليلٍand many a night دَجوجيٍّpitch-dark كَأَنَّas though ظَلامَهُits darkness
وَليلٍ دَجوجيٍّ كَأَنَّ ظَلامَهُ
سَماوَةُthe silhouette of مَلويِّone with twisted الذِراعَينِboth arms بِالقِدِّin rawhide bonds
سَماوَةُ مَلويِّ الذِراعَينِ بِالقِدِّ
And many a pitch-dark night, as though its darkness
Were the silhouette of one whose arms are twisted in rawhide bonds.
خَطَوتُI walked وَفيand in كَفّيmy palm خِطامُthe halter of نَجيبَةٍa noble she-camel
خَطَوتُ وَفي كَفّي خِطامُ نَجيبَةٍ
مُدَفَّعَةٍdriven onward مِنfrom كُلِّevery قُربٍnearness إِلىto بُعدِdistance
مُدَفَّعَةٍ مِن كُلِّ قُربٍ إِلى بُعدِ
I walked, the halter of a noble she-camel in my hand,
Driven ever from nearness into distance.
إِذاwhenever لَحظَتُI glimpsed ماءًwater جَذَبتُI pulled زِمامَهاher rein
إِذا لَحظَتُ ماءً جَذَبتُ زِمامَها
وَقُلتُand I said اِرغَبيturn away بِالعِزِّout of pride عَنfrom مَورِدٍa watering place ثَمدِscant of water
وَقُلتُ اِرغَبي بِالعِزِّ عَن مَورِدٍ ثَمدِ
Whenever I glimpsed water, I pulled her rein
And said, 'In pride, turn from a scanty watering place.
تَؤُمّينَyou head for خَيرَthe best of الأَرضِthe earth أَهلاًin people وَتُربَةًand in soil
تَؤُمّينَ خَيرَ الأَرضِ أَهلاً وَتُربَةً
يُحَطُّis set down بِهاin it رَحلُthe saddle of المَكارِمِnoble deeds وَالمَجدِand glory
يُحَطُّ بِها رَحلُ المَكارِمِ وَالمَجدِ
You are bound for earth's best land in people and soil,
Where noble deeds and glory set down their saddle.'
وَفيand in الأَرضِthe earth قَومٌpeople يَلطِمونَslap جِباهَهاtheir foreheads
وَفي الأَرضِ قَومٌ يَلطِمونَ جِباهَها
إِذاwhen هَجَمَتthey enter أَعلىthe loftiest of المَنازِلِthe dwellings بِالوَفدِwith the delegation
إِذا هَجَمَت أَعلى المَنازِلِ بِالوَفدِ
Yet on earth are people who slap camels' foreheads
When they reach the grandest dwellings with a delegation.
وَتَنبوand recoil أَكُفُّthe feet of العيسِthe pale camels عَنfrom عَرَصاتِهِمtheir courtyards
وَتَنبو أَكُفُّ العيسِ عَن عَرَصاتِهِم
مِنَbecause of البُخلِmiserliness حَتّىuntil تَستَغيثَthey seek relief إِلىin الطَردِbeing driven away
مِنَ البُخلِ حَتّى تَستَغيثَ إِلى الطَردِ
And the pale camels' feet recoil from their courtyards
At their miserliness, until they beg to be driven away.
فَماso no خَدَعَتهاlured her رَوضَةٌa meadow عَنfrom مَسيرِهاher journey
فَما خَدَعَتها رَوضَةٌ عَن مَسيرِها
وَلاnor لَمعُthe gleam of مَعسولٍhoney-sweet water تَطَلَّعَappearing مِنfrom وِردِa watering place
وَلا لَمعُ مَعسولٍ تَطَلَّعَ مِن وِردِ
No meadow, then, lured her from her journey,
Nor the gleam of honey-sweet water rising from a watering place.
أَكُفُّthe hands of بَنيthe sons of عَدنانَAdnan تَستَمطِرُseek rain from الظُبىsword-edges
أَكُفُّ بَني عَدنانَ تَستَمطِرُ الظُبى
وَتَأنَفُand shrink proudly مِنfrom جودِthe bounty of الغَمائِمِrain clouds بِالعَهدِin renewed showers
وَتَأنَفُ مِن جودِ الغَمائِمِ بِالعَهدِ
The hands of Adnan's sons seek rain from sword-edges,
And disdain the clouds' bounty of renewed showers.
وَتَلقىand meet الوَغىbattle وَاليَومُwhile the day يَنضُرُbrightens بيضَهُits white swords
وَتَلقى الوَغى وَاليَومُ يَنضُرُ بيضَهُ
عَلىagainst البيضِwhite swords فيin مَجرىًa course مِنَof الجَدِّgood fortune وَالجِدِّand earnest resolve
عَلى البيضِ في مَجرىً مِنَ الجَدِّ وَالجِدِّ
And meet battle as the day makes its white blades gleam
Against white blades, in a course of fortune and resolve.
مَنازِلُهُمtheir dwellings عَقرُa hamstringing-place for المَطاياriding camels وَإِنَّماyet only
مَنازِلُهُم عَقرُ المَطايا وَإِنَّما
تُعَقِّلُهاhobble them بِالبِشرِwith cheerful welcome وَالنائِلِand bounty الجَعدِabundant
تُعَقِّلُها بِالبِشرِ وَالنائِلِ الجَعدِ
Their homes hamstring the riding camels, though they only
Hobble them with cheerful welcome and abundant gifts.
جَذَبتُمyou seized بَضَبعِby the upper arm of المَجدِglory ياO آلَhouse of غالِبٍGhalib
جَذَبتُم بَضَبعِ المَجدِ يا آلَ غالِبٍ
وَغادَرتُمُand you left الإِعدامَdestitution مُنعَفِرَwith dust-covered الخَدِّcheek
وَغادَرتُمُ الإِعدامَ مُنعَفِرَ الخَدِّ
You seized glory by the upper arm, O house of Ghalib,
And left destitution with its cheek in the dust.
عَلىat حينَa time when سَدَّتsealed ثُلمَةَthe breach of العارِdisgrace عَنكُمُagainst you
عَلى حينَ سَدَّت ثُلمَةَ العارِ عَنكُمُ
صُدورُthe breasts of العَواليtall lances وَالمُطَهَّمَةِand well-built steeds الجُردِsleek-haired
صُدورُ العَوالي وَالمُطَهَّمَةِ الجُردِ
When the breach of disgrace was sealed against you
By tall lance-points and the breasts of fine, sleek steeds.
وَكَمand how many غارَةٍa raiding force أَقبَلتُموهاyou brought forward مَواقِراًheavily laden
وَكَم غارَةٍ أَقبَلتُموها مَواقِراً
مِنَwith الأَسَلِlances الذيّالِtrailing وَالبيضِand bright swords وَالسَردِand linked mail
مِنَ الأَسَلِ الذيّالِ وَالبيضِ وَالسَردِ
How many a raiding force you brought forward, laden
With trailing lances, bright swords, and linked mail,
كَماas قادَdrives عُلوِيُّthe upper bank of السَحابِclouds غَمامَةًa cloud
كَما قادَ عُلوِيُّ السَحابِ غَمامَةً
وَجَلجَلَهاand sets it rumbling مِلءٌa fullness مِنَof البَرقِlightning وَالرَعدِand thunder
وَجَلجَلَها مِلءٌ مِنَ البَرقِ وَالرَعدِ
As the upper cloud-bank drives a cloud,
And a fullness of lightning and thunder sets it rumbling.
كَفىhas satisfied أَمَليmy hope فيin ذاthis الزَمانِage وَأَهلِهِand its people
كَفى أَمَلي في ذا الزَمانِ وَأَهلِهِ
عَلَيَّAli (contextual reading) مُجيراًas a protector مِنfrom يَدِthe hand of الدَهرِTime أَوor مُعديa helper
عَلَيَّ مُجيراً مِن يَدِ الدَهرِ أَو مُعدي
My hopes in this age and its people are met by
Ali, a protector from Time's hand or a helper:
فَتىًa young man ماnot مَشىpassed فيinto سَمعِهِhis hearing شَدوُthe song of قَينَةٍa singing-girl
فَتىً ما مَشى في سَمعِهِ شَدوُ قَينَةٍ
وَلاnor جَذَبَتtugged أَحشاءَهُhis entrails سَورَةُthe surge of الوَجدِpassionate longing
وَلا جَذَبَت أَحشاءَهُ سَورَةُ الوَجدِ
A youth into whose hearing no singing-girl's song has passed,
Nor has passion's surge tugged at his vitals.
وَلاnor هَجَرَforsook السُمرَbrown lances العَواليlofty لِلَذَّةٍfor pleasure
وَلا هَجَرَ السُمرَ العَوالي لِلَذَّةٍ
وَلاnor عاتَبَreproached البيضَfair الغَوانيbeauties عَلىfor الصَدِّrejection
وَلا عاتَبَ البيضَ الغَواني عَلى الصَدِّ
Nor has he forsaken tall brown lances for pleasure,
Nor reproached fair beauties for turning him away.
إِذاwhen أَظلَمَتgrew dark آمالُthe hopes of قَومٍa people بِرَدِّهاthrough their being rejected
إِذا أَظلَمَت آمالُ قَومٍ بِرَدِّها
أَضاءَilluminated سَناthe radiance of مَعروفِهِhis goodness ظُلمَةَthe darkness of الرَدِّrefusal
أَضاءَ سَنا مَعروفِهِ ظُلمَةَ الرَدِّ
When people's hopes grow dark through being rebuffed,
The radiance of his goodness lights the darkness of refusal.
وَإِنand if شامَone glimpses يَوماًone day نارَهُhis fire خِلتَyou would think أَنَّهاthat it
وَإِن شامَ يَوماً نارَهُ خِلتَ أَنَّها
تَطَلَّعُpeers out نَحوَtoward الوارِدينَarriving guests مِنَfrom الزِندِthe fire-stick
تَطَلَّعُ نَحوَ الوارِدينَ مِنَ الزِندِ
And should one glimpse his fire one day, you would think it
Peered toward arriving guests from the fire-stick itself.
وَكَمand how many بَينَbetween كَفَّيهِhis two hands إِذاwhen اِحتَدَمَflares up الرَدىdeath
وَكَم بَينَ كَفَّيهِ إِذا اِحتَدَمَ الرَدى
وَبَينَand between العَواليthe tall lances مِنof زِمامٍa rein وَمَنand of عَقدِa knot
وَبَينَ العَوالي مِن زِمامٍ وَمَن عَقدِ
How many, between his hands when death flares up
And the lofty lances, are the reins and binding knots!
لِيَهنِكَmay he gladden you ياO اِبنَson of الأَكرَمينَthe noblest اِبنُa son of حُرَّةٍa freeborn woman
لِيَهنِكَ يا اِبنَ الأَكرَمينَ اِبنُ حُرَّةٍ
تَمَزَّقَhas been torn away عَنهُfrom him النَحسُill fortune عَنfrom غُرَّةِthe bright brow of السَعدِgood fortune
تَمَزَّقَ عَنهُ النَحسُ عَن غُرَّةِ السَعدِ
Joy to you, son of the noblest, in a freeborn woman's son,
From whom ill luck has been torn—from good fortune's radiant brow.
فَرَبِّso rear لَهُfor him خَيلَhorses of الوَغىbattle فَلِمِثلِهِfor such as him
فَرَبِّ لَهُ خَيلَ الوَغى فَلِمِثلِهِ
تُرَبّيrear اللَياليthe nights كَأَهلِthe withers of (reading kāhil) الفَرَسِthe steed النَهدِsturdy
تُرَبّي اللَيالي كَأَهلِ الفَرَسِ النَهدِ
So rear warhorses for him, for it is for such as he
That the nights rear the sturdy steed's withers.
وَبَشَّرَand give glad tidings بِهِof him البَيضَthe bright blades الصَوارِمَkeen-edged وَالقَناand the lances
وَبَشَّرَ بِهِ البَيضَ الصَوارِمَ وَالقَنا
وَبَشَّرَهُand give him glad tidings عَنon behalf of قَولِthe words of النَوائِبِcalamities بِالجَلدِof fortitude
وَبَشَّرَهُ عَن قَولِ النَوائِبِ بِالجَلدِ
And give the bright, sharp swords and the lances glad news of him,
And give him, in calamities' own words, glad news of fortitude.
سَتَذكُرُهُyou will remember him وَالحَربُand war يَنكِحُهاweds her الرَدىdeath
سَتَذكُرُهُ وَالحَربُ يَنكِحُها الرَدى
وَقَدand already طَلَّقَتhave divorced أَغمادَهاtheir sheaths قُضُبُthe blades of الهِندِIndia
وَقَد طَلَّقَت أَغمادَها قُضُبُ الهِندِ
You will remember him when Death takes War to wife,
And India's blades have divorced their sheaths.
كَأَنّيas though I بِهِbeheld him جارٍproceeding عَلىaccording to حُكمِthe decree of سَيفِهِhis sword
كَأَنّي بِهِ جارٍ عَلى حُكمِ سَيفِهِ
يُعاهِدُهُhe pledges to it أَنthat لاnot يَبيتَhe spend the night عَلىwith حِقدِa grudge
يُعاهِدُهُ أَن لا يَبيتَ عَلى حِقدِ
I can almost see him following his sword's decree,
Pledging to it never to sleep with a grudge unavenged.
إِذاwhen أَنهَضَتهُrouses him لِلنَزالِto single combat حَفيظَةٌjealous honor
إِذا أَنهَضَتهُ لِلنَزالِ حَفيظَةٌ
وَأَنهَضَand he raises مُستَنَّthe honed edge of الحُسامِthe sword مِنَfrom الغِمدِthe sheath
وَأَنهَضَ مُستَنَّ الحُسامِ مِنَ الغِمدِ
When jealous honor rouses him to single combat,
And he lifts the sword's honed edge from its sheath,
وَأَرخىand he lets fall بِعِطفَيهِalong his two sides حَواشيthe ends of نِجادِهِhis sword-belt
وَأَرخى بِعِطفَيهِ حَواشي نِجادِهِ
وَجَرَّand drags عَلىover أَعقابِهِhis heels فاضِلَthe trailing length of البُردِthe striped cloak
وَجَرَّ عَلى أَعقابِهِ فاضِلَ البُردِ
And lets the ends of his sword-belt fall along his sides,
And trails the excess of his striped cloak over his heels,
وَعَطَّفَand bends خِرصانَthe heads of الرِماحِthe spears كَأَنَّهاas though they were
وَعَطَّفَ خِرصانَ الرِماحِ كَأَنَّها
مِنَbecause of الدَمِblood فيupon أَطرافِهاtheir tips شَجَرُbushes of الوَردِroses
مِنَ الدَمِ في أَطرافِها شَجَرُ الوَردِ
And bends the spearheads, as though they were
Rosebushes, because of the blood upon their tips,
وَزَعزَعَand shakes apart نَظمَthe ordered structure of الرَمحِthe lance حَتّىuntil يَرُدُّهُhe turns it
وَزَعزَعَ نَظمَ الرَمحِ حَتّى يَرُدُّهُ
نِثاراًinto scattered fragments عَلىupon الأَعداءِthe enemies بِالحَطمِby smashing وَالقَصدِand snapping
نِثاراً عَلى الأَعداءِ بِالحَطمِ وَالقَصدِ
And shakes the lance's structure loose until he makes it
Fragments strewn across the enemies by smashing and snapping,
وَشايحَand fiercely defends عَنon behalf of أَحسابِهِhis ancestral honors بِحُسامِهِwith his sharp sword
وَشايحَ عَن أَحسابِهِ بِحُسامِهِ
وَذَبَّand shields عَنِon behalf of العِرضِhonor المُمَنَّعِwell-protected بِالرِفدِwith generosity
وَذَبَّ عَنِ العِرضِ المُمَنَّعِ بِالرِفدِ
And fiercely defends his ancestral honors with his blade,
And shields his inviolate honor with bounty,
رَأَيتَyou would see فَتىًa young man فيin كَفِّهِhis palm سِمَةُthe mark of النَدىgenerosity
رَأَيتَ فَتىً في كَفِّهِ سِمَةُ النَدى
وَفيand in وَجهِهِhis face شِبهٌa likeness مِنَto الأَبِthe father وَالجَدِّand grandfather
وَفي وَجهِهِ شِبهٌ مِنَ الأَبِ وَالجَدِّ
You will see a youth with generosity's mark upon his palm,
And in his face a likeness to his father and grandfather.
إِذاwhen ماever اِحتَبىhe sits with knees clasped فيamong الحَيِّthe clan وَاِمتَدَّand extends باعُهُhis arm's reach
إِذا ما اِحتَبى في الحَيِّ وَاِمتَدَّ باعُهُ
رَأَيتَyou see أَباهُhis father حينَwhen يَحكُمُhe judges أَوor يُجديgives generously
رَأَيتَ أَباهُ حينَ يَحكُمُ أَو يُجدي
When he sits knee-clasped among the clan and his arm reaches out,
You see his father when he judges or bestows gifts.
إِلىto جَدِّهِhis grandfather تُنمىare traced شَمائِلُthe traits of مَجدِهِhis glory
إِلى جَدِّهِ تُنمى شَمائِلُ مَجدِهِ
وَهَلand do تَرجِعُtrace back الأَشبالُlion cubs إِلّاexcept إِلىto الأُسدِlions
وَهَل تَرجِعُ الأَشبالُ إِلّا إِلى الأُسدِ
To his grandfather are traced his glorious qualities;
And do lion cubs trace their lineage to any but lions?
وَليدٌan infant هَمىhas poured ماءُthe water of العُلىgreatness فيin جَبينِهِhis brow
وَليدٌ هَمى ماءُ العُلى في جَبينِهِ
وَقَدand indeed شِمتُI have glimpsed مِنهُin him بارِقَthe lightning of الحَسَبِancestral honor العِدِinexhaustible
وَقَد شِمتُ مِنهُ بارِقَ الحَسَبِ العِدِ
A newborn on whose brow the waters of greatness have rained,
In whom I have glimpsed the lightning of inexhaustible ancestral honor.
فَلَوand if قَيلَit were asked يَوماًone day أَينَwhere صَفوَةُthe choicest of يَعرُبٍYa'rub
فَلَو قَيلَ يَوماً أَينَ صَفوَةُ يَعرُبٍ
رَأَيتَyou would see العُلىgreatness توميpointing إِلىtoward ذَلِكَthat المَهدِcradle
رَأَيتَ العُلى تومي إِلى ذَلِكَ المَهدِ
Were it asked one day, 'Where is Ya'rub's choicest offspring?'
You would see greatness pointing to that cradle.
إِلىtoward رَبعِكَyour dwelling المَألوفِfamiliar مِنّيfrom me تَطَلَّعَتhave stretched
إِلى رَبعِكَ المَألوفِ مِنّي تَطَلَّعَت
رِقابُthe necks of القَوافيrhymes تَحتَbeneath أَدعَجَa pitch-black night مُزبَدِّbristling
رِقابُ القَوافي تَحتَ أَدعَجَ مُزبَدِّ
Toward your familiar dwelling there have stretched, from me,
The necks of my rhymes, beneath a black, bristling night.
وَلَمّاand when بَعَثتُI sent الشِعرَpoetry نَحوَكَtoward you قالَit said ليto me
وَلَمّا بَعَثتُ الشِعرَ نَحوَكَ قالَ لي
الآنَnow فَعُقthen bar إِلّاexcept إِلىtoward بابِهِhis door قَصديmy course
الآنَ فَعُق إِلّا إِلى بابِهِ قَصدي
And when I sent my poetry toward you, it said to me,
'Now bar my course to anywhere but his door!'
سَقَيتَyou watered النَدىgenerosity شِعريmy poetry فَأَنبَتَso it sprouted حَمدَهُpraise of it
سَقَيتَ النَدى شِعري فَأَنبَتَ حَمدَهُ
وَلَوand if صابَit rained فيupon جِسميmy body لأَنبَتَهُwould surely grow it جِلديmy skin
وَلَو صابَ في جِسمي لأَنبَتَهُ جِلدي
You watered my poetry with bounty, and it sprouted praise of that bounty;
Had it rained upon my body, my skin would have sprouted that praise.
وَإِنّيand I لَأَستَحييam indeed ashamed before العُلىgreatness فيكَin you أَنto أُرىbe seen
وَإِنّي لَأَستَحيي العُلى فيكَ أَن أُرى
ضَنيناًsparing مِنَof الشِعرِpoetry المَصونِtreasured بِماwith what عِنديI possess
ضَنيناً مِنَ الشِعرِ المَصونِ بِما عِندي
And I would be ashamed before the greatness in you to be seen
Stinting what I possess of treasured verse.
كَبَتُّI humbled الحَسودَthe inveterate envier النَدبَformidable حَتّىuntil كَبَبتُهُI cast him face-down
كَبَتُّ الحَسودَ النَدبَ حَتّى كَبَبتُهُ
فَمَنthen who عاذِريwill excuse me يَوماًone day مِنَconcerning الحاسِدِthe envier الوَغدِbase
فَمَن عاذِري يَوماً مِنَ الحاسِدِ الوَغدِ
I humbled the formidable envier till I cast him face-down;
Who, then, will excuse me one day for dealing with a vile envier?
إِذاif الشَمسُthe sun غاضَتdrains كُلَّevery عَينٍeye صَحيحَةٍhealthy
إِذا الشَمسُ غاضَت كُلَّ عَينٍ صَحيحَةٍ
فَكَيفَthen how بِهاwith it فيin هَذِهِthese المُقَلِeyes الرُمدِinflamed
فَكَيفَ بِها في هَذِهِ المُقَلِ الرُمدِ
If the sun drains every healthy eye,
What, then, must it do to these inflamed eyes?
Sol 6.1