فدونكso take these منfrom جزءa volume الضياءal-Ḍiyāʾ (“The Light”) مسائلاًquestions
فدونك من جزء الضياء مسائلاً
بهاon their account يلزمis required الانسانthe person فيin الحكمthe legal judgment يقتلis put to death
بها يلزم الانسان في الحكم يقتل
So take these questions from a volume of al-Ḍiyāʾ,
To you I present some issues from the radiance
for which a person must, by legal judgment, be put to death:
By which a person is compelled regarding judgment to kill
فقاتلthus, one who kills حرّa free person مؤمنa believer متعمداdeliberately
فقاتل حرّ مؤمن متعمدا
ومنand whoever هوhe للطهرconcerning the pure one النبيthe Prophet مضللdeclaring misguided
ومن هو للطهر النبي مضلل
one who deliberately kills a free believer,
So one who intentionally kills a free believing man
and whoever declares the pure Prophet misguided,
And one who misguides people about the Prophet's purity
وجاحدand one denying فرضthe obligation للصلاةof prayer وجاحدand one denying الزthe za- (beginning of zakat)
وجاحد فرض للصلاة وجاحد الز
كاة-kat (completion of zakat) وفرضand the obligation الصومfasting والصومand fasting أَفضلis better
كاة وفرض الصوم والصوم أَفضل
and whoever denies the obligation of prayer, and whoever denies za-
And rejects the obligation of prayer and rejects obligatory alms
kat and the obligation of fasting—and fasting is better;
And rejects the obligation of fasting while fasting is most virtuous
ومنand whoever دانprofessed belief باستحلالin deeming lawful أَكلeating لميتةof carrion
ومن دان باستحلال أَكل لميتة
بغيرwithout اضطرارnecessity عندat ماthe time when هيit تؤكلis eaten
بغير اضطرار عند ما هي تؤكل
and whoever professes that eating carrion is lawful,
And one who believes it permissible to eat carrion
without necessity when it is eaten;
Without necessity when it can be eaten
وإنand if مشركa polytheist يزنيcommits fornication بمسلمةwith a Muslim woman ومنand whoever
وإن مشرك يزني بمسلمة ومن
بذيwith one of محرمforbidden kinship عمداًdeliberately زنىcommitted fornication فيقتلthen he is put to death
بذي محرم عمداً زنى فيقتل
and a polytheist who fornicates with a Muslim woman, and whoever
And a polytheist who fornicates with a Muslim woman
deliberately fornicates with a forbidden relative—each is put to death.
And one who intentionally commits incest must be killed
ومنand whoever يزنُcommits fornication يوماًone day بالبهيمةwith a beast منfrom علاthe heights
ومن يزنُ يوماً بالبهيمة من علا
سماof the sky شاهقtowering يرميis cast down وبالسيفand with the sword يجزلis hewn apart
سما شاهق يرمي وبالسيف يجزل
And whoever ever fornicates with a beast—from the heights
And whoever copulates with an animal
of the towering sky he is hurled, and hewn apart with the sword.
And climbs to a towering summit must be thrown and cut by the sword
ومنand whoever قالsaid عندamid النابراتthe outcries مشمراgirding himself for action
ومن قال عند النابرات مشمرا
أَياO! لفلانfor so-and-so ياO القبائلthe tribes اقبلواcome forward
أَيا لفلان يا القبائل اقبلوا
And whoever, amid the outcries, says, girding himself:
And whoever says at temples preparing
“O, to so-and-so’s aid! O tribes, come forward!”
Oh so and so, O tribes come
وذوand a practitioner of السحرsorcery إِنif يصمىkills outright فيصمىthen he is killed بسحرهby his sorcery
وذو السحر إِن يصمى فيصمى بسحره
قصاصاًas retribution كذاthus قالsaid الفقيهthe jurist المعدلdeemed upright
قصاصاً كذا قال الفقيه المعدل
And if a sorcerer kills by his magic, he too is put to death,
And a sorcerer, if he prays he prays by his sorcery
in retribution—so said the upright jurist.
He is killed in retribution, thus said the balanced jurist
ودونكand here for you منwhoever لمhas not يوجبdeemed obligatory الحكمthe legal judgment قتلهhis killing
ودونك من لم يوجب الحكم قتله
إِلىuntil أَنthat يردrefuses التوبrepentance بالسيفwith the sword يقتلis put to death
إِلى أَن يرد التوب بالسيف يقتل
And here are those whose death the law does not require
And here are those whom the judgment does not mandate killing
until they refuse repentance; then they are killed by the sword:
Until repentance comes, then killed by the sword
فتاركthus, one neglecting ذيone possessing الاسلامIslam بعدafter بلوغهhis coming of age الthe (article preceding circumcision)
فتارك ذي الاسلام بعد بلوغه ال
ختانcircumcision ومرتدand an apostate لشركto polytheism مبدلone changing
ختان ومرتد لشرك مبدل
thus, a Muslim who, after coming of age, neglects
One who abandons Islam after reaching puberty
circumcision, and an apostate who turns to polytheism;
And an apostate converting to polytheism
ومنand whoever قالsaid انthat المصطفىthe Chosen One هوhe ساحرa sorcerer
ومن قال ان المصطفى هو ساحر
ومنand from عجمnon-Arabs أَوor شاعرa poet وهوand it is مقولsaid
ومن عجم أَو شاعر وهو مقول
and whoever says the Chosen One is a sorcerer,
And one who says the Chosen is a sorcerer
and of non-Arab stock, or a poet—so it is said;
Or a foreigner or poet, thus spoken
ومنand whoever أَنكرdenied القرآنthe Qur’an بعدafter نزولهits revelation
ومن أَنكر القرآن بعد نزوله
أَوor البعضsome منof آيverses بهin it لاnot يرتلrecites in measured tones
أَو البعض من آي به لا يرتل
and whoever denies the Qur’an after its revelation,
And one who denies the Quran after its descent
or some of the verses within it, which he does not recite in measured tones.
Or some verses in it, not reciting
ومماand among what عراهbefell it الاختلافdisagreement فقائلso one says
ومما عراه الاختلاف فقائل
فيقتلthen he is put to death والباقوتand the others (uncertain reading) بالضربwith beating يمهلis granted respite
فيقتل والباقوت بالضرب يمهل
And among matters over which opinions differ, one says:
And of the issues scholars disputed
“He is put to death”; the others grant him respite with a beating:
Some say kill, others say flog
فمنthus, whoever لصيامas regards fasting أوor صلاةprayer فتاركthen neglecting
فمن لصيام أو صلاة فتارك
وقدand already فاتَhas passed وقتthe appointed time وهوwhile he is عمداًdeliberately ممهلdelaying
وقد فاتَ وقت وهو عمداً ممهل
thus, whoever neglects fasting or prayer,
So one who abandons obligatory fasting or prayers
with its appointed time already past, while he deliberately delays;
And the time has passed intentionally delaying
ومنand whoever شتمreviled الفاروقal-Fārūq والشيخand the shaykh ذاpossessing الوَفاfaithfulness
ومن شتم الفاروق والشيخ ذا الوَفا
عتيقاًʿAtīq فقتلthen execution أَوor فضربthen a beating مململcausing writhing
عتيقاً فقتل أَو فضرب مململ
and whoever reviles al-Fārūq and the faithful shaykh,
And one who insults the Farooq and the venerable Shaykh
ʿAtīq: execution, or a beating that makes him writhe.
Kill or flog harshly
Sol 6.1