ألاBehold كلُّevery person منwho عَزّgained might بالظّلمthrough injustice ذَلاًwas humbled
ألا كلُّ من عَزّ بالظّلم ذَلاً
ومَنand whoever لاdoes not يوافقْfollow هدىguidance الحقthe truth ضَلاّwent astray
ومَن لا يوافقْ هدى الحق ضَلاّ
Behold: whoever gains might through injustice is humbled.
Behold, all who are mighty through injustice will be abased,
And whoever does not follow truth's guidance goes astray.
And whoso agrees not with truth's guidance goes astray,
ومتّبعand one who follows الحقَّthe truth منّاamong us قليلfew
ومتّبع الحقَّ منّا قليل
ولنand will not يُرشدَguide اللهGod إلاّexcept الأقلاّthe very few
ولن يُرشدَ الله إلاّ الأقلاّ
Those among us who follow the truth are few,
And few among us follow truth,
nor will God guide any but the very few.
And none will God guide save the few.
ومنand whoever ركبundertook الأمرthe matter بالجهلin ignorance عَسْفاًblindly
ومن ركب الأمر بالجهل عَسْفاً
بغيرwithout بيانclarity منfrom العقلreason زَلاّstumbled
بغير بيان من العقل زَلاّ
And whoever undertakes a matter ignorantly and blindly,
And whoso rules in ignorance oppressively,
without clear guidance from reason, has stumbled.
Without exposition by reason, errs,
ومنand whoever جعلmade البحثinquiry والفحصand scrutiny يوماًone day
ومن جعل البحث والفحص يوماً
دليليهhis two guides عندamid الشكوكdoubts استدلاّfound guidance
دليليه عند الشكوك استدلاّ
And whoever one day makes inquiry and scrutiny
And whoso makes research and examination his guide
his two guides amid doubts finds guidance.
In doubtful points, hits upon evidence.
عسىاللهmay God يسعدناmake us happy إنif حُرمناwe are denied
عسىالله يسعدنا إن حُرمنا
حَراماًwhat is forbidden وحلّىand made sweet لناfor us ماwhat أحلاّهHe made lawful
حَراماً وحلّى لنا ما أحلاّه
May God grant us happiness if we are denied
God grant He make us happy, if He deny
what is forbidden, and He sweetens for us what He has made lawful.
Forbidden things to us, and make lawful what He has allowed;
وكلُّand everyone رَهينٌheld in pledge بماfor what قدalready جناهُhe earned it
وكلُّ رَهينٌ بما قد جناهُ
وكلand every امرئٍperson ضامنٌresponsible ماتولّىwhat he undertook
وكل امرئٍ ضامنٌ ماتولّى
Everyone is held in pledge for what he has earned,
And each is pledged for what he has gained;
and every person is responsible for what he undertakes.
And every man is surety for what he has undertaken.
ولاand no خيرَgood للحرّfor the free man فيin ظلthe shade of عيشٍa life
ولا خيرَ للحرّ في ظل عيشٍ
إذاif كانhe is فيهin it علىupon النّاسpeople كَلاَa burden
إذا كان فيه على النّاس كَلاَ
There is no good for a free man in the shade of a life
And no good is there for the free man in a life
in which he is a burden upon others.
Wherein upon the people he imposes burdens.
ولاand do not تعجباًmarvel منat ترقرقthe shimmering of دمعٍtears
ولا تعجباً من ترقرق دمعٍ
جرىflowed منfrom نواحيthe sides of عِذارىmy cheeks فَبَلاَّthen soaked
جرى من نواحي عِذارى فَبَلاَّ
Nor marvel at the shimmering of tears
Nor is it strange to see tears course
that flowed from around my cheeks and drenched them.
Down the cheeks of tender maidens.
فهذاfor this زمانٌan age تصادقyou befriend فيهin it
فهذا زمانٌ تصادق فيه
صديقكyour friend غُولاًa ghoul وجاركand your neighbor غُلاّa shackle
صديقك غُولاً وجارك غُلاّ
For this is an age in which, befriending others,
For this is a time wherein your friend
you find your friend a ghoul, and your neighbor a shackle.
Befriends you craftily and your neighbour guilefully.
فأجملْso be gracious وأَجْملْand be gracious وأَغضِand overlook واغمضand close your eyes
فأجملْ وأَجْملْ وأَغضِ واغمض
إذاif أَنتyou حاولتseek جاراًa neighbor وخِلاّand an intimate friend
إذا أَنت حاولت جاراً وخِلاّ
So be gracious, be gracious; overlook and turn a blind eye
So be thou beautiful and make beautiful, be blind and close thine eye,
if you seek a neighbor and an intimate friend.
When thou seekest a neighbour and comrade.
فإنfor if أَنتyou لمdo not تَرضaccept إلاّexcept لبيباًa discerning man
فإن أَنت لم تَرض إلاّ لبيباً
نصيحاًsincere ودوداًloving تجَنّبتَyou shunned كلاّeveryone
نصيحاً ودوداً تجَنّبتَ كلاّ
For if you accept only someone discerning,
For unless thou be content with a counselling friend,
sincere and loving, you will shun everyone.
Truthful and loving, thou wilt avoid all company.
أَأَدهىmore cunning? وأَكيسand shrewder ممَّنthan one who يساويbalances
أَأَدهى وأَكيس ممَّن يساوي
علىupon الوجهthe face بشراًcheerfulness وفيand in الصّدرthe breast غِلاّrancor
على الوجه بشراً وفي الصّدر غِلاّ
Is anyone more cunning and shrewder than one who balances
Is not he most foolish and unwise
cheerfulness on his face with rancor in his breast?
Who equals in aspect men, yet in breast cherishes rancour?
ومنand whoever لمnot تجدyou find فيin رضاهhis approval احتيالاًa means
ومن لم تجد في رضاه احتيالاً
فدعهُthen leave him وولِّand turn away إذاwhen الأمرthe matter ولّىhas passed
فدعهُ وولِّ إذا الأمر ولّى
And one whose favor you can find no way to win,
And whoso findeth not in his pleasure loyalty,
leave him, and turn away when the matter has passed.
Leave him be and turn away when the matter turns its back.
فكمfor how many منof حبيبٍa beloved إليناعزيزٍdear to us
فكم من حبيبٍ إليناعزيزٍ
رأَيناهwe saw him قدalready بانdeparted عنّاfrom us وملاand grew weary
رأَيناه قد بان عنّا وملا
For how many a beloved, dear to us,
For how many a dear friend have we seen
we have seen leave us and grow weary.
Who has parted from us and is ruined!
فماand did not برحcease القلبthe heart يرتدُّturn away عنهfrom him
فما برح القلب يرتدُّ عنه
قليلاًa little قليلاa little إلىuntil أَنthat تسْلىfound solace
قليلاً قليلا إلى أَن تسْلى
And the heart kept turning away from him,
Yet the heart turns not for a little, a little, from him
little by little, until it found solace.
Till it finds composure.
وكمand how many منof عسيرa hardship عليناfor us شديدٍgrievous
وكم من عسير علينا شديدٍ
اقمناwe mustered لهagainst it الصّيرpatience (apparently الصبر) حتّىuntil اضمَحَلاّfaded away
اقمنا له الصّير حتّى اضمَحَلاّ
And how many a hardship, grievous to us,
And how many a foe, stubbornly harsh to us,
we met with patience until it faded away.
Have we shown patience, until he changed
وصاحبُand one afflicted with داءa sickness منfrom الحبlove لاقىfound
وصاحبُ داء من الحب لاقى
دواءًa remedy منfrom النّاسpeople حتّىuntil أَبلاّrecovered
دواءً من النّاس حتّى أَبلاّ
And one afflicted with love's sickness found
And one sick with the disease of love
a remedy among people until he recovered.
Has found from people a cure, until he revived.
وكمand how much فيin سبيلthe path of الهوىpassion والتّصّابيand youthful dalliance
وكم في سبيل الهوى والتّصّابي
دماًblood سفَكتهُspilled it الغوانيbeautiful women فَطلاّso it went unavenged
دماً سفَكتهُ الغواني فَطلاّ
And how much, on the path of passion and youthful dalliance,
And how much blood, shed by the tender ones in love's way,
blood have beautiful women spilled, leaving it unavenged.
Have the self-deceivers shed recklessly!
فدعso abandon فيin التّصابيyouthful dalliance ضلالاًstraying وغيّاًand folly
فدع في التّصابي ضلالاً وغيّاً
ودعand leave لغوانيto beautiful women دلالاًcoquetry ودَلاّand coy charm
ودع لغواني دلالاً ودَلاّ
So abandon the straying and folly of youthful dalliance,
So leave in love's path error and vain desire,
and leave coquetry and coy charm to beautiful women.
Leave coquetry, allurement and vain occupation,
خذtake العزمresolve والحزمand prudence والصّبرand patience وارفضand reject
خذ العزم والحزم والصّبر وارفض
بليتwith 'if only' وسوفَand 'I shall' وجانبand avoid لعَلاّ'perhaps'
بليت وسوفَ وجانب لعَلاّ
Take resolve, prudence, and patience, and reject
Assume resolution, firmness and patience, and repulse
'If only' and 'I shall'; keep clear of 'perhaps.'
Perdition, and 'perchance' and 'it may be.'
وللحرّand a free man has جِدٌearnestness ورأيٌand judgment وجَدّand good fortune
وللحرّ جِدٌ ورأيٌ وجَدّ
إِذاwhen الخطبُcalamity يوماًone day عليهover him تدلّىhangs down
إِذا الخطبُ يوماً عليه تدلّى
A free man has earnestness, judgment, and good fortune
For the freeman has earnest purpose and reason and zeal,
when calamity one day hangs over him.
If affairs some day depend upon him.
ونحنand we إذاwhen حاجةa need of النّفسthe soul عزّتproved hard to attain
ونحن إذا حاجة النّفس عزّت
رَحلناwe saddled لهاfor it الأعوجيَّthe A‘waji steed الشَّمِلاّthe swift one
رَحلنا لها الأعوجيَّ الشَّمِلاّ
And we, when the soul's need proves hard to attain,
And when the soul's need pressed hard upon us,
saddle for it the swift A‘waji steed.
We set out for it, though the road were crooked.
فسرناthen we journeyed وزرناand we visited فتىthe nobleman of الأزدal-Azd ذُهلاًDhuhl
فسرنا وزرنا فتى الأزد ذُهلاً
أَباAbu (father of) الحسنal-Hasan الأريحيَّthe generous الأجلاthe most exalted
أَبا الحسن الأريحيَّ الأجلا
Then we journeyed and visited Dhuhl, the nobleman of al-Azd,
So we joumeyed and took with us, O Zuhel, a youth
Abu al-Hasan, the generous, most exalted.
Aba-1-Hasan the noble.
فتيًa noble youth إنif سألناهwe asked him مافيwhat is in يديهhis two hands
فتيً إن سألناه مافي يديه
مننof (apparently من) المالwealth أعطىhe gives خياراًthe choicest وَجلاand the greater part
منن المال أعطى خياراً وَجلا
A noble youth who, if we ask him for what is in his hands
When, if we asked him what wealth was in his hands,
of wealth, gives the choicest and the greater part.
He gave the best and concealed it not.
وليسand he does not يقولsay لمستَرفديهِto those seeking his bounty
وليس يقول لمستَرفديهِ
علىin العسرhardship ماذا'what?' ولولاand 'were it not for' وهلاَّand 'why not?'
على العسر ماذا ولولا وهلاَّ
He does not say to those seeking his bounty,
Nor said he to his questioner in difficulty,
even in hardship, 'What?' or 'Were it not for...' or 'Why not?'
'What now? Why? How now?'
فماfor no روّضةٌmeadow للربيعfor spring اسبكرَّتgrew luxuriant
فما روّضةٌ للربيع اسبكرَّت
ورقرقَand set rippling فيهاwithin it نسيماًa breeze وطَلاand dew
ورقرقَ فيها نسيماً وطَلا
For no meadow, grown luxuriant for spring,
Not a meadow for the Spring was adomed
where spring set a breeze and dew rippling,
And murmuring in it a gentle breeze and shadow,
غذاهاnourished it الهواءthe air نهاراًby day وليلاًand by night
غذاها الهواء نهاراً وليلاً
بدَرّwith the milk-flow of الغمائمthe clouds عَلاَّa second draught ونهلاand a first draught
بدَرّ الغمائم عَلاَّ ونهلا
nourished by the air by day and night
Fed by the air night and day
with the clouds' flowing milk, draught upon draught,
With the downpour of the clouds, lofty and depressed,
وصاغلهاand fashioned for it الصبحdawn زهراًblossoms ونَوراًand flowers
وصاغلها الصبح زهراً ونَوراً
وألبسهاand clothed it الغيمُthe clouds برداًcoolness وظلاّand shade
وألبسها الغيمُ برداً وظلاّ
for which dawn fashioned blossoms and flowers,
Embroidered by dawn with flowers and light,
and which the clouds clothed in coolness and shade,
And clad by the clouds in chill and shade,
بأحسنَany lovelier منthan ربعthe abode of ذهلٍDhuhl وأندىand more bountiful
بأحسنَ من ربع ذهلٍ وأندى
إذاwhen عزِّجturns aside (apparently عرّج) الرِّكبthe caravan فيهin it فحَلاّand then settles
إذا عزِّج الرِّكب فيه فحَلاّ
is lovelier or more bountiful than Dhuhl's abode
Fairer than Zuhel's vale and fresher,
when the caravan turns aside there and settles.
When the riders on it alight and pitch their tents,
أشمُّhigh-nosed رحيبُbroad الذراعينthe two arms صَلتٌsmooth-browed
أشمُّ رحيبُ الذراعين صَلتٌ
أغرُّradiant كصدرlike the face of اليمانيthe Yemeni sword المجلاّthe polished one
أغرُّ كصدر اليماني المجلاّ
High-nosed, broad of arms, and smooth-browed,
Than the scent of embracing arms a prayer,
radiant as the face of a polished Yemeni sword.
More dazzling than the Yemini's bared sword;
جميلbeautiful المحياof countenance كأنas though سناهُhis radiance
جميل المحيا كأن سناهُ
ضياءُthe light of الصّباحmorning إذاwhen ماتجلَّىit shines forth
ضياءُ الصّباح إذا ماتجلَّى
Fair of countenance, as though his radiance
A face lovely as morning's splendour when it dawns,
were the light of morning when it shines forth.
A hand plenteous as the clouds' outpour
جزيلabundant العطاياin gifts كأنّas though نداهُhis generosity
جزيل العطايا كأنّ نداهُ
سجالpouring waters of الغمامthe clouds إِذاwhen مااستهلاّthey pour down
سجال الغمام إِذا مااستهلاّ
Lavish in gifts, as though his bounty
When they begin to give abundantly;
were the torrents of clouds when they pour down.
Gentle, dignified, but, when invited
حليمforbearing رزينdignified ولكنand yet إذاwhen ماever
حليم رزين ولكن إذا ما
دُعيhe is summoned للمُلّمto a calamity المهمّgrave اشمعلاّhe springs into action
دُعي للمُلّم المهمّ اشمعلاّ
Forbearing and dignified, yet whenever
To the terrible conflict, a roaring lion;
summoned to a grave calamity, he springs into action,
By the favour I enjoy, the pleasure of my intimacy,
بتقليدby bestowing نعمىa favor وتأثيرand leaving the mark of حسنىkindness
بتقليد نعمى وتأثير حسنى
وتفريجand dispelling غمّىanguish وتنفيسand relieving جُلّىa great calamity
وتفريج غمّى وتنفيس جُلّى
bestowing a favor and leaving a mark of kindness,
The relieving of my sorrow and the solace of my ardour,
dispelling anguish and relieving great distress.
Neither, if the good is achieved, does he weary,
فلاso not هوhe إنif سارproceeds فيin الخيرgoodness أَعياtires
فلا هو إن سار في الخير أَعيا
ولاnor هوhe إنif كابدstruggles with الخطبcalamity كلاّflags
ولا هو إن كابد الخطب كلاّ
So he never tires when he pursues good,
Nor, if disasters must be faced, does he falter;
nor flags when he struggles with calamity.
Going and coming, thoughtful only of
يروحhe goes forth at evening ويغدوand goes forth in the morning ولاand no همَّconcern إلاexcept
يروح ويغدو ولا همَّ إلا
عمارُbuilding up العُلىhigh honor ولزومand keeping to المصلّىthe prayer-place
عمارُ العُلى ولزوم المصلّى
He goes forth evening and morning, with no concern but
Fostering the Exalted and haunting the Mosque;
building up high honor and keeping to the place of prayer.
Fulfilling what the flock expects of him
يُوَفيhe fulfills for الرّعيةَthe subjects ماwhat أمَّلوهthey hoped for it
يُوَفي الرّعيةَ ما أمَّلوه
وَيكفيand shields العشيرةthe clan ماقدwhat has already أظلاّloomed overhead
وَيكفي العشيرة ماقد أظلاّ
He fulfills for his subjects what they hoped for,
And sufficing the clan for all its wants;
and shields his clan from whatever has loomed over it.
Gentle, generous, bearing what they have laid
مليٌّcapable وفيَّfaithful وماand whatever حمَّلوهthey laid upon him
مليٌّ وفيَّ وما حمَّلوه
منof العبءthe burden قامhe rose بهwith it واستقلاّand bore it unaided
من العبء قام به واستقلاّ
Capable and faithful, whatever they lay upon him
Upon him of the burden, undertaking it himself,
of burdens, he takes up and carries unaided,
With the purpose of a man whose purpose turns not back
بعزمwith the resolve of امرئٍa man عزمهhis resolve ليسdoes not ينبوfalter
بعزم امرئٍ عزمه ليس ينبو
ورأيand the judgment of امرئٍa man حدُّهhis edge لنwill never يُفلاّbe blunted
ورأي امرئٍ حدُّه لن يُفلاّ
with the resolve of a man whose resolve never falters,
And the reason of a man whose reason never fails.
and the judgment of a man whose edge will never be blunted.
Behold, Zuhel has in truth the merit;
ألاBehold إنindeed ذهلاًDhuhl لهto him belongs الفضلexcellence حَقاًtruly
ألا إن ذهلاً له الفضل حَقاً
فإنand if قيلit is asked هلْis there? مثلهhis equal قلتI said كلاّno
فإن قيل هلْ مثله قلت كلاّ
Behold, Dhuhl truly possesses excellence;
If it be said, 'Is there the like of him?' say 'Nay.'
if asked, 'Is there his equal?' I say, 'No.'
Abu-1-Hasan, O Zuhel, you at daybreak
أباAbu (father of) حسنHasan أَنتyou ياذُهلO Dhuhl أضحىَhas become
أبا حسن أَنت ياذُهل أضحىَ
طريقُthe road to العُلىgreatness لكfor you طَلقاopen مُخلّىunobstructed
طريقُ العُلى لك طَلقا مُخلّى
Abu Hasan—you, O Dhuhl—now
Have the path of the Exalted easy and open before you;
the road to greatness lies open and unobstructed for you.
You hasten and grasp liberalities
فتسعىso you strive وتبطشand wield your might فيin مكرماتٍnoble deeds
فتسعى وتبطش في مكرماتٍ
ترىyou see الكلّall others أعرجlame فيهاin them أشلاّcripple-handed
ترى الكلّ أعرج فيها أشلاّ
You strive and wield your might in noble deeds,
Whereof you see all others limping fail;
in which you see all others lame and cripple-handed.
And your share in good deeds fully paid
وقَسمكand your portion فيin الصّالحاتgood deeds الموفّىfully allotted
وقَسمك في الصّالحات الموفّى
وسهمكand your arrow عندin الفخارglory المُعلّىthe highest-winning lot
وسهمك عند الفخار المُعلّى
Your portion in good deeds is the full measure,
And your place with the noblest known,
and your arrow in glory's draw is the highest lot.
Nor have you ceased to show the fairest nature
وماand not زلتَyou ceased فيamong النّاسpeople أَزكىpurer صنيعاًin deeds
وما زلتَ في النّاس أَزكى صنيعاً
وأرفعand loftier شأناًin standing وأعلاand higher محلاّin rank
وأرفع شأناً وأعلا محلاّ
You have ever been the purest in deeds among people,
And the loftiest rank and the highest position among men;
the loftiest in standing and highest in rank.
So that still your home is a refuge for the traveller
فلاso may not زالcease ربعكyour dwelling للرّكبfor caravans مأوىًa refuge
فلا زال ربعك للرّكب مأوىً
يُعزit honors الذليلthe humbled ويغنيand enriches المُقلاّone of little means
يُعز الذليل ويغني المُقلاّ
May your dwelling ever be a refuge for caravans,
Who honours the lowly and enriches the destitute;
honoring the humbled and enriching those of little means.
Nor have you ceased to befriend lovingly
ولاand may not زلتَyou cease تؤتىto be granted خليلاًa companion مُحبّاًloving
ولا زلتَ تؤتى خليلاً مُحبّاً
وحظاًand fortune معزاًhonor-giving ومالاًand wealth مُغلاًincome-yielding
وحظاً معزاً ومالاً مُغلاً
And may you always be granted a loving companion,
And fortune propitiously and wealth abundant;
fortune that exalts you, and wealth that bears fruit.
You are the most honoured with family and goods,
تكونmay you be الأعزَّthe mightiest بأهلٍwith family ومالٍand wealth
تكون الأعزَّ بأهلٍ ومالٍ
وكلand every عدوّenemy يكونmay be الأَذلاّthe most abased
وكل عدوّ يكون الأَذلاّ
May you be the mightiest in family and wealth,
And every foe is the most abased;
and every enemy the most abased.
And you have peopled, best of men, a noble town,
وعمّرتand may you live long ياخيرمنصامشهراًO best of those who fasted a month
وعمّرت ياخيرمنصامشهراً
وافطرand broke the fast فيon يومa day of عيدfeast وصَلّىand prayed
وافطر في يوم عيد وصَلّى
May you live long, O best of those who fasted a month,
And broken your fast on a Feast day and prayed;
broke their fast on a feast day, and prayed;
And your sons live, noble princes,
وعاشَand may live بنوكyour sons ملُوكاًas kings كراماًnoble
وعاشَ بنوك ملُوكاً كراماً
ميامينblessed فيin كلevery شهرٍmonth أهلاّwhose crescent appeared
ميامين في كل شهرٍ أهلاّ
and may your sons live as noble kings,
Lions in every month made bold.
blessed in every month whose crescent rises.
Partial English translation: 97 of 98 Arabic lines translated.
Sol 6.1