الأصلُthe default rule فيin الخَبرِthe predicate أنthat لاَnot يَقتِرَنbe linked
الأصلُ في الخَبرِ أن لاَ يَقتِرَن
بِالفَاwith fāʾ لأنَّbecause نِسبَةَthe relation of الخَبرِthe predicate مِنto
بِالفَا لأنَّ نِسبَةَ الخَبرِ مِن
The default is that the predicate is not linked
with fāʾ, since the predicate's relation to
مُبتَدأٍa nominal subject كَنِسبَةِlike the relation of الفَاعِلِthe verbal subject مِنto
مُبتَدأٍ كَنِسبَةِ الفَاعِلِ مِن
فِعلٍa verb وفَاعِلٌand a verbal subject بِهَاwith it لَمdid not يَقتَرِنbecome linked
فِعلٍ وفَاعِلٌ بِهَا لَم يَقتَرِن
a nominal subject is like the verbal subject's relation to
a verb, and a verbal subject is not linked with fāʾ.
لَكِنَّهَاbut it عَلَىon the basis of الجَوازِpermissibility تُلحَقis attached
لَكِنَّهَا عَلَى الجَوازِ تُلحَق
ثلاثthree عشرةten عليهاon them اتفقواthey agreed
ثلاث عشرة عليها اتفقوا
But fāʾ may optionally be attached,
in thirteen cases on which they agree:
خَبرُthe predicate of مُبتَداًa nominal subject أتَىappears ذَاpossessing وَصلِa relative clause
خَبرُ مُبتَداً أتَى ذَا وَصلِ
بِظَرفٍwith an adverbial أوor بِشِبهِهِwith its equivalent أوor فِعلa verb
بِظَرفٍ أو بِشِبهِهِ أو فِعل
the predicate of a subject bearing a relative clause,
with an adverbial, its equivalent, or a verb
يَصلُحُis suitable لِلشَّرطِfor a condition وَوصفِهِand its adjectival use وَمَاand whatever
يَصلُحُ لِلشَّرطِ وَوصفِهِ وَمَا
لَهُto it أُضِيفَis annexed مثلُهُis like it فَلتَعلَمَاso know
لَهُ أُضِيفَ مثلُهُ فَلتَعلَمَا
suited to a condition; a noun qualified by it, and whatever
is annexed to it, follow the same rule—so know this.
وَمِثلُand the like of ذَاthis بَقَعُoccurs فيin نَكِرَةِan indefinite noun
وَمِثلُ ذَا بَقَعُ في نَكِرَةِ
مَوصُوفَةٍqualified بَأَحَدِby one of الثَّلاثَةِthe three
مَوصُوفَةٍ بَأَحَدِ الثَّلاثَةِ
The same applies to an indefinite noun
qualified by one of the three,
وَبعدَand after كُلٍّkull ('every') مُطلقاًwithout restriction وأمَّاand ammā ('as for')
وَبعدَ كُلٍّ مُطلقاً وأمَّا
يَجِبُis obligatory فيin خَبرِهَاits predicate وأمَّاand as for
يَجِبُ في خَبرِهَا وأمَّا
and after 'kull' without restriction; with 'ammā',
it is obligatory in its predicate. As for
خَبَرُthe predicate of ألal (the relative article) وخَبَرُجَاand a predicate that comes طَلَبَاas a request
خَبَرُ أل وخَبَرُجَا طَلَبَا
لِلبَعضِaccording to some تُلحَقُis attached وبَعضُهمand some of them أبَىrefused
لِلبَعضِ تُلحَقُ وبَعضُهم أبَى
the predicate of relative 'al' and a predicate expressing a request,
some allow fāʾ to be attached, while others refuse.
وَمَاand whatever بِمَاضِىwith a past verb اللَّفظِthe wording والمَعنَىand the meaning وُصِلis linked
وَمَا بِمَاضِى اللَّفظِ والمَعنَى وُصِل
تَلحَقُهfāʾ attaches to it لكنَّbut ذَلِكthat يَقِلis rare
تَلحَقُه لكنَّ ذَلِك يَقِل
And whatever has a relative clause past in wording and meaning,
fāʾ attaches to it, though this is rare.
Sol 6.1