كلامspeech بلاwithout نحوgrammar طعامfood بِلاwithout ملحsalt
كلام بلا نحو طعام بِلا ملح
وَنحوand grammar بلاwithout شعرpoetry ظلامdarkness بلاwithout صبحdawn
وَنحو بلا شعر ظلام بلا صبح
Speech without grammar is food without salt.
Speech without grammar is food without salt
And grammar without poetry is darkness without dawn.
And grammar without poetry is darkness without dawn
وَمنand whoever يتخذpursues علماa science وَيلغهماand disregards them both يعدis deemed
وَمن يتخذ علما وَيلغهما يعد
بِلاwithout رأسprincipal مالwealth فيin الكَلامspeech وَلاand no ربحprofit
بِلا رأس مال في الكَلام وَلا ربح
And whoever pursues a science and disregards them both is deemed
Whoever takes knowledge and forgets it
to have no capital in speech and no profit.
Is without capital in speech or profit
اذاwhen شرحواthey explain فضلthe merit العلومof the sciences فاننيthen indeed I
اذا شرحوا فضل العلوم فانني
غنيhave no need بفضلthrough the excellence النحوof grammar عنof ذلكthat الشرحexplanation
غني بفضل النحو عن ذلك الشرح
When they explain the merit of the sciences, I
When they explain the virtue of knowledge, I am
need no such explanation, thanks to grammar's excellence.
Content with the virtue of grammar, without need for that explanation
يَليقbefits الخطابspeech اليعربيYaʿrubi (Arabic) بأهلهits people
يَليق الخطاب اليعربي بأهله
فيهدىso is bestowed الوفاwholeness للنقصon deficiency والحسنand beauty للقبحon ugliness
فيهدى الوفا للنقص والحسن للقبح
Yaʿrubi speech befits its people,
It is fitting for eloquent speech to be for its people
so wholeness is bestowed on deficiency, and beauty on ugliness.
So loyalty is guided to the flawed, and beauty to the ugly
ومنand among شرفthe honors الاعرابof Arabic expression انthat محمداMuhammad
ومن شرف الاعراب ان محمدا
اتىcame عَربيArab الاصلin origin منfrom عربArabs فصحeloquent
اتى عَربي الاصل من عرب فصح
And among the honors of Arabic expression is that Muhammad
And of the honor of eloquence is that Muhammad
came of Arab origin, from eloquent Arabs.
Came, Arabic in origin, from eloquent Arabs
وانand that المَثانيthe oft-repeated verses انزلتwere revealed بلسانهin his tongue
وان المَثاني انزلت بلسانه
بماwith what خصصتهsingled him out فيin الخطابthe address منof المدحpraise
بما خصصته في الخطاب من المدح
And that the oft-repeated verses were revealed in his tongue,
And the Methani were revealed in his tongue
with the praise that singled him out in the address.
With what distinguished him in speech through praise
يَكونis محالthe impossible fancies الشعرof poetry وصفاa description لغيرهof someone other than him
يَكون محال الشعر وصفا لغيره
وَيَكفيهand suffices him ماwhat فيis in سورةthe surah الشرحal-Sharh (The Expansion) وَالفَتحand al-Fath (The Victory)
وَيَكفيه ما في سورة الشرح وَالفَتح
Poetry's impossible fancies serve as descriptions of others;
The purpose of poetry should be a description of another
what is in the surahs al-Sharh and al-Fath suffices him.
And it suffices what is in Surat Al-Sharh and Al-Fath
نَبيa prophet دَعاهcalled upon him المُذنِبونthe sinners وهمwhile they عَلىon
نَبي دَعاه المُذنِبون وهم عَلى
شفاthe brink of جرفa bank هارcrumbling فَمَديدso he extended the hand of الصفحpardon
شفا جرف هار فَمَديد الصفح
A prophet whom sinners called upon while they were on
A prophet they called while steeped in sin
the brink of a crumbling bank, so he extended the hand of pardon.
On the edge of a terrible cliff, of vast forgiveness
واحياand revived منارthe beacon الدينof religion فيin كلevery وجهةdirection
واحيا منار الدين في كل وجهة
وَذبand defended عَنon behalf of الاسلامIslam بالسَيفwith the sword وَالرمحand the spear
وَذب عَن الاسلام بالسَيف وَالرمح
And he revived religion's beacon in every direction,
He revived the beacon of religion in every direction
and defended Islam with sword and spear.
And protected Islam with the sword and spear
وايامand days of غاراتraids تظلremain بهاduring them القناthe lances
وايام غارات تظل بها القنا
محطمةshattered وَالخيلand the horses مشتدةcharging fiercely الصبحat dawn
محطمة وَالخيل مشتدة الصبح
And on days of raids, the lances are left
And days of raids in which the thrush
shattered, and the horses charge fiercely at dawn.
Was crushed, and the horses vivid at dawn
وَكَمand how much فيin عيونthe eyes الغيof error بالرشدthrough right guidance منof قذىgrit
وَكَم في عيون الغي بالرشد من قذى
وَكَمand how much فيin فؤادthe heart الشركof idolatry منكبدof the anguish of نزحexile
وَكَم في فؤاد الشرك منكبد نزح
And how much grit guidance put into the eyes of error,
How much filth is in the eyes of those gone astray
and how much anguish of exile was in idolatry's heart!
And how much hatred in the hearts of polytheists
محاerased نورهhis light المَشهورrenowned نارthe fire عنادهمof their defiance
محا نوره المَشهور نار عنادهم
وَهدand demolished بطودwith the mountain الهدىof guidance منهدمcrumbling الصرحthe edifice
وَهد بطود الهدى منهدم الصرح
His renowned light extinguished the fire of their defiance,
His famous light erased their blazing stubbornness
and, with guidance's mountain, demolished the crumbling edifice.
And leveled the mountains of guidance, demolished the palaces
وَفلand blunted جهادةhis striving اشوكةthe thorn الشركof idolatry اذwhen دَعاhe summoned
وَفل جهادة اشوكة الشرك اذ دَعا
كباشجهادwar-rams المشركينof the idolaters الىto الذبحslaughter
كباشجهاد المشركين الى الذبح
And his striving blunted idolatry's thorn when he summoned
So the thorns of polytheism withered, when he called
the war-rams of the idolaters to slaughter.
The warriors to slay the idolaters
وَهدمand destroyed رسمthe traces الكفرof unbelief بالسَيفwith the sword عنوةby force
وَهدم رسم الكفر بالسَيف عنوة
واودعand instilled in ذاthe one marked by البينestrangement داعيةan urge toward الصلحreconciliation
واودع ذا البين داعية الصلح
And he destroyed unbelief's traces by force with the sword,
And he demolished the customs of disbelief by force
and instilled in the estranged an urge toward reconciliation.
And left the far caller to reconciliation
وَماand not زالَceased يَدعوناhe calls us بِتَوفيقthrough the enabling grace ربناof our Lord
وَما زالَ يَدعونا بِتَوفيق ربنا
الىto الملةthe faith الغراءradiant وَالمذهبand the way السمحgracious
الى الملة الغراء وَالمذهب السمح
And he has never ceased calling us, through our Lord's enabling grace,
He never ceased calling us, by God's guidance
to the radiant faith and the gracious way.
To the glorious faith and lenient doctrine
اذاwhen خابَتfail الآمالhopes فانزلthen alight بطيبةin Taybah
اذا خابَت الآمال فانزل بطيبة
وَزرand visit قبرهاits tomb تظهرyou emerge هنالكthere بالنجحwith success
وَزر قبرها تظهر هنالك بالنجح
When hopes fail, alight in Taybah,
When hopes are dashed, descend upon Medina
and visit its tomb; there you will emerge with success.
And visit his grave, success will appear there
نضحتI sprinkled لظىthe blaze ذَنبيof my sin بلذةwith the sweetness ذكرهof remembering him
نضحت لظى ذَنبي بلذة ذكره
فاطفأتso I quenched نارthe fire الذنبof sin بالذكرthrough remembrance وَالنضحand sprinkling
فاطفأت نار الذنب بالذكر وَالنضح
I sprinkled the blaze of my sin with the sweetness of remembering him,
The heat of my sin is cooled by the bliss of his mention
and so quenched the fire of sin through remembrance and sprinkling.
So remembrance and sprinkling extinguish the fire of sin
مَكينexalted in standing اذاif اِستَنصَرتهyou seek his help أَوor دَعوتهcall upon him
مَكين اذا اِستَنصَرته أَو دَعوته
لخطبin a crisis أَتاكcomes to you الغوثsuccor أسرعswifter منthan لمحa glance
لخطب أَتاك الغوث أسرع من لمح
Exalted in standing: if you seek his help or call upon him
Secure, if you seek or call him for help
in a crisis, succor reaches you swifter than a glance.
Succor will come to you quicker than a blink
وَليa protector لمنوالىto whoever is loyal شديدstern عَلىtoward العداthe enemies
وَلي لمنوالى شديد عَلى العدا
عطوفcompassionate عَلىto العافينthose seeking favors ذوpossessing خلقa nature سمحgracious
عطوف عَلى العافين ذو خلق سمح
A protector of whoever is loyal, stern toward foes,
And I have intense severity towards enemies
compassionate to petitioners, possessed of a gracious nature.
Yet kindness for the virtuous, of tolerant temper
حَوىpossessed الشرفhonor الاعلىthe highest بمجدwith glory مؤثلdeep-rooted
حَوى الشرف الاعلى بمجد مؤثل
منيفlofty واحسابand noble lineages مهذبةrefined وضحradiant
منيف واحساب مهذبة وضح
He possessed the highest honor, with deeply rooted glory,
He contained the highest glory with splendid glory
lofty, and noble lineages refined and radiant,
Pure, righteous, refined nature, and clear
وَرفعةand the elevation قدرof rank زانهاadorned it طيبthe purity عنصرof stock
وَرفعة قدر زانها طيب عنصر
وَطولand the reach يدof a hand أَندىmore generous منthan العارضthe raincloud السحpouring
وَطول يد أَندى من العارض السح
and exalted rank adorned by the purity of his stock,
And the loftiness of his status adorned by good origin
and a long-reaching hand more generous than the pouring raincloud,
And length of a hand more dewy than April showers
وَعزand the dignity جنابof a precinct مخضرgreen السوحin its courtyards دائماalways
وَعز جناب مخضر السوح دائما
اذاwhen اِغبرتgrow dusty الآفاقthe horizons منحصرhemmed in السوحthe courtyards
اذا اِغبرت الآفاق منحصر السوح
and a mighty precinct whose courtyards are ever green,
And the honor of an ever verdant, flourishing side
when the horizons grow dusty, the courtyards hemmed in.
When horizons are covered in bushes
تَلوحshines forth عليهupon him شيمةa trait هاشميةHashimite
تَلوح عليه شيمة هاشمية
جَلالthe majesty أَبيهof his father البرّrighteous أَوor عمهhis paternal uncle اللحfull-blooded
جَلال أَبيه البرّ أَو عمه اللح
A Hashimite trait shines forth upon him:
Upon it shines a Hashimite quality
the majesty of his righteous father or his full-blooded paternal uncle.
The majesty of his righteous father or lenient uncle
خلاصةthe essence سرof the secret السرof the secret منfrom عزthe might غالبof Ghalib
خلاصة سر السر من عز غالب
أَولىmost worthy of الفضلexcellence لاnot شهمShahm (literally, valiant; reading uncertain) وَلاnor جمحJumah (reading uncertain) الجمحal-Jumah (unclear repetition)
أَولى الفضل لا شهم وَلا جمح الجمح
The essence of the secret's secret, from Ghalib's might,
Quintessence of the secret's secret, from the glory of a victor
most worthy of excellence—not Shahm nor Jumah al-Jumah [wording unclear].
Foremost in merit, no arrogance or injustice
تسلسلpassed in succession فيthrough الاصلابloins منfrom عهدthe time of آدمAdam
تسلسل في الاصلاب من عهد آدم
فَسارَand traveled مسيرthe course الشمسof the sun فيin طالعthe ascendant of النطحal-Nath
فَسارَ مسير الشمس في طالع النطح
He passed in succession through loins from the time of Adam,
A lineage extending back to the time of Adam
and traveled the sun's course in al-Nath's ascendant.
Traveling the course of the sun in the ascent of the ibex
وأشرقand shone فيin شرقthe east البلادof the lands وَغربهاand their west
وأشرق في شرق البلاد وَغربها
سناهhis radiance وَماand not أَبقىleft الىfor الشركidolatry منany جنحdarkness
سناه وَما أَبقى الى الشرك من جنح
And in the lands' east and west shone
He shone in the east of the lands and its west
his radiance, leaving idolatry no darkness.
His sunnah, leaving no path for polytheism
اليكto you رَسولMessenger اللَهof God جاءَتcame بسرعةswiftly
اليك رَسول اللَه جاءَت بسرعة
قلوبhearts منfrom الاشواقlongings داعيةcalling for الفرحjoy
قلوب من الاشواق داعية الفرح
To you, Messenger of God, came swiftly
To you, Messenger of God, hearts came quickly
hearts, out of longing, calling for joy.
From yearning, joyfully calling
فأنتَfor you الَّذيthe one who لَولاكَwere it not for you ماnot كانَwould have existed كائِنany being
فأنتَ الَّذي لَولاكَ ما كانَ كائِن
وَلاnor كرcame round منany ليلnight بهيمpitch-black وَلاnor صبحdawn
وَلا كر من ليل بهيم وَلا صبح
For you are the one without whom no being would have existed,
You, without whom nothing would exist
nor would pitch-black night or dawn have come round.
No mention of night or dawn
كَفاكَsuffices you علاin glory انthat الجماداتinanimate things سلمتoffered greetings
كَفاكَ علا ان الجمادات سلمت
عليكto you ابتداءunprompted كالسجودlike prostration منfrom السرحthe tall trees
عليك ابتداء كالسجود من السرح
It is glory enough for you that inanimate things offered greetings
It is enough that inanimate things greeted you
to you unprompted, like the prostration of the tall trees.
Initially, like the prostration of the pillow
وانكand that you فيin لفحthe scorching heat الظَهيرةof noon ظللتwere shaded
وانك في لفح الظَهيرة ظللت
عليكover you الغمامthe clouds الهاطلاتrain-pouring منfrom اللفحthe scorching blast
عليك الغمام الهاطلات من اللفح
And in the scorching heat of noon you were shaded,
That you were shaded at noon by clouds
the pouring rainclouds above you shielding you from the blast.
Pouring down fine spray
وَكَمand how often لمستtouched يمناكyour right hand ذاone afflicted with المسpossession فاِنثَنىand he returned
وَكَم لمست يمناك ذا المس فاِنثَنى
صَحيحاhealthy وَداوتand healed معضلintractable الداءdisease بالمسحby stroking
صَحيحا وَداوت معضل الداء بالمسح
And how often your right hand touched one possessed, who returned
How often has your right hand touched and straightened
healthy; it healed intractable disease by stroking.
The healthy and cured the pain of affliction with a touch
وَسليتand you consoled محزوناa sorrowful person وأرشدتand guided غاوياa wayward person
وَسليت محزونا وأرشدت غاويا
وأشفيتand you healed منfrom سقمillness وأبرأتand cured منof جرحa wound
وأشفيت من سقم وأبرأت من جرح
You consoled the sorrowful and guided the wayward,
You consoled the grieving and guided the lost
and cured sickness and healed wounds.
Healed the sick and mended the wounded
عَساكَmay you رَسولMessenger الَهof God تقبلaccept عذرthe excuse منof one who
عَساكَ رَسول الَه تقبل عذر من
يظلremains by day وَيمسىand passes the evening فيin الذنوبsins كَماjust as يضحىhe passes the morning
يظل وَيمسى في الذنوب كَما يضحى
May you, Messenger of God, accept the excuse of one
May you, Messenger of God, accept the apology of one
who remains in sins by day and evening, as at morning.
Who spends the night and day in sins, as the sun rises
يُناديكcalls to you منon نيابَتيmy behalf برعBuraʿ فَقَدfor indeed
يُناديك من نيابَتي برع فَقَد
كبازندهhis fire-stick failed فيin الصالِحاتrighteous deeds عَنat القدحstriking a spark
كبازنده في الصالِحات عَن القدح
Buraʿ calls to you on my behalf, for
Calling you through my delegate racing
his fire-stick has failed to strike sparks in righteous deeds.
In good deeds, not falling short
فشدso strengthen عراthe bonds عَبدʿAbd (servant of) الرَحيمal-Rahim (the Merciful) وَسربهand his household
فشد عرا عَبد الرَحيم وَسربه
بمرحمةwith mercy واغللand shackle يدthe hand الضيقof distress بالفسحwith spacious relief
بمرحمة واغلل يد الضيق بالفسح
So strengthen the bonds of ʿAbd al-Rahim and his household
So steer your servant to the Merciful and herd him
with mercy, and fetter distress's hand with spacious relief.
With mercy, and shackle the hand of hardship with relief
وانand if خضتI plunged فيinto بحرthe sea الذنوبof sins جهالةin ignorance
وان خضت في بحر الذنوب جهالة
فعطفكthen your compassion ياO فردpeerless one in الجَلالةmajesty بالصفحthrough pardon
فعطفك يا فرد الجَلالة بالصفح
And if I plunged into the sea of sins in ignorance,
If I err in the sea of sins in ignorance
then grant your compassion through pardon, O peerless one in majesty.
Then may your unique majesty forgive
فَبيfor in me is فاقةneed للجودfor generosity منكfrom you وَللندىand for bounty
فَبي فاقة للجود منك وَللندى
كفائهlike a lost wanderer (reading uncertain) ظمآنthirsty صدىّparched الىfor الرشحa trickle
كفائه ظمآن صدىّ الى الرشح
For I need your generosity and bounty,
I am needy for your generosity and the dew
like a lost wanderer, thirsty and parched, craving a trickle [reading uncertain].
A thirsty echo calling for irrigation
وانيand I اذاwhen ضاقَتgrow narrow وجوهthe avenues طالبيof my seeking (reading uncertain)
واني اذا ضاقَت وجوه طالبي
أَسيرI travel بآماليwith my hopes الىto بابكyour gate الفسحspacious
أَسير بآمالي الى بابك الفسح
And when the avenues of my seeking grow narrow,
And if the faces of those seeking me frown
I travel with my hopes to your spacious gate.
I walk with my hopes to your open door
فصنيso protect me لمدحيfor my praise فيكof you واقبلand accept وَسيلَتيmy plea
فصني لمدحي فيك واقبل وَسيلَتي
اليكto you وقمand stand بيby me فيat مَعاديmy final return وَفيand in منحىa course
اليك وقم بي في مَعادي وَفي منحى
So protect me for my praise of you, and accept my plea
So protect me in my praise of you and accept my aspiration
to you; stand by me at my final return and along my course.
To you, and establish me in my purpose and destination
وصلand join حبلthe cord راويهاof its reciter وارحامهand his kin غداtomorrow
وصل حبل راويها وارحامه غدا
اذاwhen طرحواthey cast فيinto النارthe Fire مستوجبone deserving الطرحto be cast
اذا طرحوا في النار مستوجب الطرح
And join the cord of its reciter and his kin tomorrow,
Join the ties of its reciter tomorrow
when they cast into the Fire whoever deserves to be cast there.
When they are tossed into the fire, deserving to be discarded
وَصَليand may bless عَليكyou اللَهGod ماas long as هبتblows الصباthe east wind
وَصَلي عَليك اللَه ما هبت الصبا
وَماand as long as اِعتقبتfollows in succession دارthe abode of الضحىforenoon عذبsweet السفحflowing
وَما اِعتقبت دار الضحى عذب السفح
May God bless you as long as the east wind blows,
And may God send blessings upon you as long as the breeze blows
and as long as the abode of forenoon follows sweet-flowing rain [wording unclear],
And the abode of morning follows the gentle slope
صَلاةa blessing تبارىvies with الريحthe wind مسكاin musk وَعَنبراand ambergris
صَلاة تبارى الريح مسكا وَعَنبرا
وَتزرىand outshines بنورthe radiance of النورblossoms فيin طلعthe flower-spikes of ذيDhu (possessor of) الطلحal-Talh (acacias)
وَتزرى بنور النور في طلع ذي الطلح
with a blessing that vies with the wind in musk and ambergris,
Blessings that compete with the wind in musk and ambergris
and outshines the radiance of blossoms in the blooms of Dhu al-Talh.
And flow with the light of the light at the rising of Ath-Thalj
Sol 6.1