الفضلthe generosity فضلكyour generosity زائراًvisiting ومزوراand being visited
الفضل فضلك زائراً ومزورا
فأعدso repeat صنيعكyour kindness ذاكراًremembering مذكوراremembered
فأعد صنيعك ذاكراً مذكورا
The generosity is yours, as visitor and host.
Your favor is a favor visiting and visited
So repeat your kindness, remembering and remembered.
So repeat your kindness, remembered and extolled
وتعهَّدِand tend الغرسَthe sapling الذيwhich استحييتَهyou kept it alive
وتعهَّدِ الغرسَ الذي استحييتَه
حتىuntil تبسَّمit smiled كالرجاءlike hope نضيراverdant
حتى تبسَّم كالرجاء نضيرا
And tend the sapling you kept alive
And tend to the plant you revived
until it smiled, verdant as hope,
Until it smiles like hopeful youth
متخيِّراًchoosing غررbright beginnings of السنينthe years مواعداًas meeting times
متخيِّراً غرر السنين مواعداً
بنعيمهنَّof their bliss وسعدهنَّand their good fortune بشيراa herald
بنعيمهنَّ وسعدهنَّ بشيرا
choosing the years' bright beginnings as meeting times,
Choosing the gems of years for trysts
a herald of their bliss and good fortune.
With their delight and joy as harbinger
لاقتكmet you فيin الثانيthe second لقاءكyour meeting أولاًfirst
لاقتك في الثاني لقاءك أولاً
أمَّMother of القرىthe towns وتلاand followed الضحىlate morning التبكيراthe early start
أمَّ القرى وتلا الضحى التبكيرا
In the second, you were greeted as when you first met
You met me in the second like your first meeting
the Mother of Towns; late morning followed early dawn.
Umm al-Qura and Tala al-Dhuha at dawn
ذاthis is موسمُthe season of الأكفاءpeers فيin مجدٍglory وفيand in
ذا موسمُ الأكفاء في مجدٍ وفي
مالٍwealth فخلدso make everlasting موسميmy season المشهوراthe renowned
مالٍ فخلد موسمي المشهورا
This is the season of peers in glory and in
This is the season of peers in glory and
wealth; make my renowned season everlasting.
Wealth so perpetuate my celebrated season
ولقدand indeed عرفتكI knew you فيin بعادكyour absence راجياًhoping
ولقد عرفتك في بعادك راجياً
أنthat لاnot أرىI find أمداًa distance إليكto you عسيراhard to cross
أن لا أرى أمداً إليك عسيرا
I knew you even in your absence, hoping
And I knew you in your distance hoping
never to find the distance to you hard to cross.
I'd never see a time hard to reach you
ولبثتُand I waited حتىuntil زرتنيyou visited me فيin موضعيmy place
ولبثتُ حتى زرتني في موضعي
فكأننيso it was as if I بالغيبof the unseen كنتhad been بصيراseeing
فكأنني بالغيب كنت بصيرا
And I waited until you visited me where I was,
I lingered until you visited me in my place
as though I had sight of the unseen.
As if I saw the unseen, seeing clearly
شرفتنيyou honored me فيin قريتيmy village فكأننيso it was as if I
شرفتني في قريتي فكأنني
ملكa king أسوسI govern مدائناًcities وثغوراand frontier strongholds
ملك أسوس مدائناً وثغورا
You honored me in my village, as though I were
You honored me in my village so I was like
a king governing cities and frontier strongholds,
A king ruling our cities and frontiers
يقضيhe judges ويقدرand decrees ماnot استعانhe sought aid بعسكرfrom an army
يقضي ويقدر ما استعان بعسكر
فيماin whatever يشاءhe wills ولاnor استشارhe consulted وزيراa minister
فيما يشاء ولا استشار وزيرا
judging and decreeing, seeking no army's aid
Decreeing and ordaining what I sought aid for
in what he wills, nor consulting a minister.
From troops as I wished, without consulting a vizier
للّهhow splendid يومa day لقيتَنيyou met me متجمِّلاًfinely dressed
للّه يوم لقيتَني متجمِّلاً
متهللاًbeaming بتحيتيat my greeting مسروراdelighted
متهللاً بتحيتي مسرورا
How splendid the day you met me, finely arrayed,
God, the day I met you adorned
beaming, delighted by my greeting!
Rejoicing, greeting you gladly
يومٌa day أطلتَyou lengthened بهthrough it الحياةَlife ومحفلٌand a gathering
يومٌ أطلتَ به الحياةَ ومحفلٌ
فيهin it امتلكتI possessed خورنقاًKhawarnaq وسديراand Sadir
فيه امتلكت خورنقاً وسديرا
A day through which you lengthened life, a gathering
A day you prolonged life and a gathering
in which I possessed Khawarnaq and Sadir.
In which I gained a creek and plateau
للدينfor faith والدنياand worldly life هديتكyour gift التيwhich
للدين والدنيا هديتك التي
توحيinspires إليِّto me الشعرpoetry والتصويراand imagery
توحي إليِّ الشعر والتصويرا
For faith and worldly life alike is your gift,
For religion and life, your gift which
which inspires in me poetry and imagery.
Inspires me to poetry and painting
لمdid not تُهدِyou give طنفسةa carpet إليَّto me وإنماbut rather
لم تُهدِ طنفسة إليَّ وإنما
أهديتyou gave تاجاًa crown غالياًprecious وسريراand a throne
أهديت تاجاً غالياً وسريرا
You did not give me a carpet; rather,
You didn't give me a horse, but rather
you gave a precious crown and a throne.
A precious crown and magnificent throne
شاهدتI saw حذقthe skill of الفرسthe Persians فيهاin it معجباًadmiring
شاهدت حذق الفرس فيها معجباً
وأطلتand I prolonged فيupon إبداعهاits artistry التفكيراreflection
وأطلت في إبداعها التفكيرا
In it, amazed, I saw the Persians' skill,
I admired the skill of the steed—marveling
and pondered long upon its artistry,
And lingered pondering its creation
متعلماًlearning منfrom وشيهاits embroidery وطرازهاand its designs
متعلماً من وشيها وطرازها
لرسائليfor my letters التدبيجornate writing والتحبيراand polished expression
لرسائلي التدبيج والتحبيرا
learning from its embroidery and designs
Learning from its adornment and style
how to embellish and adorn my letters.
For my dispatches lavish ornamentation
شرفتwas honored بهاby it القوقازُthe Caucasus حيثwhere عشيرتيmy clan الthe (continued)
شرفت بها القوقازُ حيث عشيرتي ال
أولىfirst كماjust as سرَّتit gladdened بمصرin Egypt عشيراa kinsman
أولى كما سرَّت بمصر عشيرا
The Caucasus was honored by it, home of my
The Caucasus was ennobled, where my tribe
first clan, as it gladdened a kinsman in Egypt.
Was first, as Egypt was gladdened by a tribe
وسألتand I asked ربيmy Lord أنthat تكونit might be أريكتيmy couch
وسألت ربي أن تكون أريكتي
فيin الخلدeternal Paradise أسترعيI seek attendance from عليهاupon it الحوراthe houris
في الخلد أسترعي عليها الحورا
And I asked my Lord that it might be my couch
And I asked my Lord that my couch
in Paradise, where I would have houris attend me upon it.
In eternity would be shaded by nymphs
قمبيزCambyses مهماhowever much روعتterrified آثارهhis deeds
قمبيز مهما روعت آثاره
أضحىhas become لأجلكfor your sake ذنبهhis sin مغفوراforgiven
أضحى لأجلك ذنبه مغفورا
Cambyses, however terrifying his deeds,
Qanbar, however wondrous his works
has his sin forgiven now for your sake.
Is for your sake pardoned his sins
هلare ...? أنتyou إلاanything but صفوةthe choicest of القومthe people الألىwho
هل أنت إلا صفوة القوم الألى
نصرواthey championed العلومthe sciences ومدَّنواand civilized المعموراthe inhabited world
نصروا العلوم ومدَّنوا المعمورا
Are you anything but the choicest of those who
Are you aught but the elite of lofty folk
championed the sciences and civilized the inhabited world?
Who championed knowledge and built up civilizations?
لمdid not يسمعواthey hear القرآنthe Quran أولthe first مرةtime
لم يسمعوا القرآن أول مرة
حتىuntil أجادواthey mastered الشرحexposition والتفسيراand interpretation
حتى أجادوا الشرح والتفسيرا
No sooner had they first heard the Quran
They did not first hear the Quran
than they mastered exposition and interpretation.
Until they mastered commentary and exegesis
وتجمَّعواand they united للنفعfor the common good حينwhen تنازعquarreled الthe (continued)
وتجمَّعوا للنفع حين تنازع ال
عربArab الولاةrulers خليفةcaliph وأميراand emir
عرب الولاة خليفة وأميرا
And they united for the common good, while the
And gathered for benefit when Arab
Arab rulers quarreled, caliph and emir.
Rulers disputed caliph and emir
ياO ذاyou البيانُeloquence يرىshows الحسامthe sword وأهلهand its wielders
يا ذا البيانُ يرى الحسام وأهله
إنthat اليراعthe pen أجلgreater منهthan it أموراin consequence
إن اليراع أجل منه أمورا
O you, eloquence shows the sword and its wielders
O you whose rhetoric the sword and its people see
that the pen is of greater consequence than it.
That eloquence is nobler than their affairs
لمdid not يدرِknow قارئهits reader أينظرwhether he beholds دولةa realm
لم يدرِ قارئه أينظر دولة
مفتوحةconquered أمor محكماًmasterfully wrought مسطوراa written text
مفتوحة أم محكماً مسطورا
Its reader could not tell whether he beheld a realm
Its reader knows not if it shows a conquered
conquered, or a masterfully written text.
Realm or a guarded, composed scripture
ماno sooner كرَّمhonored الشعراءَthe poets أنّكthat you are شاعرٌa poet
ما كرَّم الشعراءَ أنّك شاعرٌ
حتىthan أجلتكheld you in esteem الملوكthe kings سفيراas an ambassador
حتى أجلتك الملوك سفيرا
No sooner had your being a poet honored poets
It was not honoring poets that you are a poet
than kings exalted you as an ambassador.
Until kings made you an emissary
لكyou have عندwith كسرىKisra ماwhat لذيbelongs to one of قرباهhis kin أوor
لك عند كسرى ما لذي قرباه أو
أعلىhigher وحسبكand enough for you ماwhat ترىyou see تقديراof esteem
أعلى وحسبك ما ترى تقديرا
With Kisra you have the standing of his kin, or
You have with Khosrow what no other intimate has
higher; the esteem you see is enough for you.
Or higher, and your esteem suffices you
ناداكhe addressed you باللَّقبby the title الذيwhich أغنيتَهyou spared him the need
ناداك باللَّقب الذي أغنيتَه
عنfrom أنto يرىsee لكfor you فيamong الكرامthe noble نظيراan equal
عن أن يرى لك في الكرام نظيرا
He called you by the title with which you spared him
He called you the title you sang praise of
the need to seek your equal among the noble.
Sparing you a peer among the generous
ألقىhe bestowed عليكupon you محبةlove وأمانةand a trust
ألقى عليك محبة وأمانة
فاسلكso follow سبيلthe path of الظافرينthe victorious جسوراboldly
فاسلك سبيل الظافرين جسورا
He bestowed on you love and a trust,
He favored you with love and loyalty
so boldly follow the path of the victorious.
So take the path of victors boldly
وتوعدنَّand surely threaten عدوَّهhis enemy بعدوِّهwith his enemy
وتوعدنَّ عدوَّه بعدوِّه
حتىuntil يبيتhe comes to be علىover الجميعthem all قديراpowerful
حتى يبيت على الجميع قديرا
And threaten his enemy with that enemy's foe,
And threaten his enemy with his enemy
until he holds power over them all.
Until he rules all supremely
وإذاand when دعوتyou call إلىfor السلامpeace فقبلهthen before it
وإذا دعوت إلى السلام فقبله
مكِّنestablish firmly لحرصكfor your vigilance حولaround أرضكyour land سوراa wall
مكِّن لحرصك حول أرضك سورا
And when you call for peace, first
And if invited to peace, accept it
raise a firm wall around your land as a precaution.
Empower your zeal to build walls around your land
أرأيتhave you seen قيصرthe Tsar كيفhow خادعdeceived نفسهhimself
أرأيت قيصر كيف خادع نفسه
والناسand the people لماwhen طيَّرhe sent flying المنشوراthe proclamation
والناس لما طيَّر المنشورا
Have you seen how the Tsar deceived himself
Have you seen how Caesar deceived himself
and the people when he sent the proclamation flying,
And people when he spread edicts
وألانand he softened منطقهhis speech ليقسوso might harden قلبهhis heart
وألان منطقه ليقسو قلبه
ثمthen استكانhe grew meek ليعتديto attack ويجوراand oppress
ثم استكان ليعتدي ويجورا
and softened his speech so his heart could harden,
And softened his talk to harden his heart
then grew meek in order to attack and oppress?
Then submitted to aggress and tyrannize?
أيردdoes ... wish قيصرthe Tsar أنto يسودrule وإنَّthough منamong
أيرد قيصر أن يسود وإنَّ من
أعداءthe enemies of قيصرthe Tsar أجبلاًmountains وبحوراand seas
أعداء قيصر أجبلاً وبحورا
Does the Tsar wish to rule, though among
Does Caesar wish to rule when enemies
the Tsar's enemies are mountains and seas?
Of Caesar are mountains, seas and wilds?
ويصيدand hunt ملءthe full measure of اللجِّthe deep sea حيتاناًwhales وملand full measure (continued)
ويصيد ملء اللجِّ حيتاناً ومل
ءcompletion of ملء ('full measure') الفجِّthe mountain pass أسداًlions والسماءand the sky نسوراeagles
ء الفجِّ أسداً والسماء نسورا
And hunt the deep's fill of whales, and the
And catches the sea's fill of whales and the wasteland's
mountain pass's fill of lions, and the sky's eagles?
Fill of lions, and the sky's vultures
ويحاولand attempt التغليبsupremacy فيon سهلa plain ولمand did not
ويحاول التغليب في سهل ولم
يثبتstand firm وقدthough he had تخذtaken الجبالthe mountains ظهيراas support
يثبت وقد تخذ الجبال ظهيرا
And seek supremacy on a plain, though he could not
And tries dominance on a plain though he
stand firm even with the mountains at his back?
Did not prove firm when the mountains backed him
وأقلand the least of أعذارthe excuses of الحصونthe fortresses مثارهاtheir scattered ruins
وأقل أعذار الحصون مثارها
إذwhen أسلمتthey surrendered للحاصرto the besieger المحصوراthe besieged
إذ أسلمت للحاصر المحصورا
And the forts' least excuse is their shattered remains,
The least excuse of fortresses, their thorns,
when they surrendered the besieged to the besieger.
When they surrendered to the besieged
أسفيmy grief علىfor جندٍtroops هنالكthere مسلمٍMuslim
أسفي على جندٍ هنالك مسلمٍ
يؤذيharming ويؤذىand being harmed مرغماًcoerced مقهوراoverpowered
يؤذي ويؤذى مرغماً مقهورا
Alas for the Muslim troops there,
I grieve for soldiers there—Muslims
harming and harmed, coerced and overpowered.
Harmed and harming—coerced and oppressed
ياoh ليتنيif only I بينamong الألىthose who ظفرواtriumphed عسىperhaps
يا ليتني بين الألى ظفروا عسى
أأسوI heal جريحاًa wounded man أوor أفكI free أسيراa captive
أأسو جريحاً أو أفك أسيرا
Would that I were among those who triumphed, that perhaps
Would that I were among the elite who won victory, perhaps
I might heal a wounded man or free a captive.
I would treat a wounded or free a captive
فالشعرfor poetry أبلغmore effective منthan سيوفthe swords of الروسthe Russians فيin
فالشعر أبلغ من سيوف الروس في
أكبادهمtheir livers وقلوبهمand their hearts تأثيراin impact
أكبادهم وقلوبهم تأثيرا
For poetry strikes deeper than Russian swords into
For poetry is more effective than Russian swords
their livers and their hearts.
In their hearts and breasts having influence
أصديقَO friend of قيصرَthe Tsar عنهabout him حدِّثناtell us فماfor not
أصديقَ قيصرَ عنه حدِّثنا فما
نلقىwe meet شبيهَكyour equal بالأمورin affairs خبيراwell versed
نلقى شبيهَك بالأمور خبيرا
O friend of the Tsar, tell us of him, for
Caesar's friend—tell us of him, for we do not
we meet none like you in understanding affairs.
Find one like you expert in affairs
أنصحتَهhave you counseled him مستيئساًdespairing منof نصرهhis victory
أنصحتَه مستيئساً من نصره
فعساهso perhaps he يغمدwill sheathe سيفهhis sword المكسوراthe broken
فعساه يغمد سيفه المكسورا
Have you counseled him, despairing of his victory?
You advised him despairing of his victory
Then perhaps he will sheathe his broken sword.
Perhaps he'll sheathe his broken sword
الروسthe Russians لاnot يبغونthey seek فتحاًconquest مثلماas much as
الروس لا يبغون فتحاً مثلما
يتطلَّبونthey seek لروسياfor Russia الدستوراthe constitution
يتطلَّبون لروسيا الدستورا
The Russians do not seek conquest so much as
The Russians do not want conquests like
they seek a constitution for Russia.
They demand constitutions for Russia
إنيI indeed أرىdeem نصحcounseling الملوكkings وإنeven if قساit is harsh
إني أرى نصح الملوك وإن قسا
إلاexcept عليكfor you محرَّماًforbidden محظوراprohibited
إلا عليك محرَّماً محظورا
I deem counsel to kings, however harsh,
I see counseling kings however harsh
forbidden and barred to all but you.
Forbidden and prohibited save for you
لوhad آثرpreferred السلمpeace العبادmankind ليسلمواso they might be safe
لو آثر السلم العباد ليسلموا
كنتyou would have been المحكَّمthe appointed arbiter فيهمُamong them المشكوراthe thanked one
كنت المحكَّم فيهمُ المشكورا
Had mankind chosen peace so they might be safe,
Had he preferred peace for worshippers to worship safely
you would have been their arbiter, and thanked for it.
You'd be the arbiter among them, thanked
أوor كانthere were للإشفاقfor compassion فيهمamong them موضعٌa place
أو كان للإشفاق فيهم موضعٌ
وعتwould have retained القلوبthe hearts قصيدكyour verse المأثوراthe memorable
وعت القلوب قصيدك المأثورا
Or had compassion any place among them,
Or if sympathy had a place with them
their hearts would have absorbed your memorable verse.
And hearts understood your celebrated ode
فلقدfor indeed وصفتَyou described الحربwar حتىuntil خلتُنيI imagined myself
فلقد وصفتَ الحرب حتى خلتُني
فيهاin it أرىseeing التقتيلslaughter والتدميراand destruction
فيها أرى التقتيل والتدميرا
For you described war until I imagined myself
You described war until you made me see in it
within it, seeing slaughter and destruction.
Slaughter and destruction
أيريدdoes ... desire سلماًpeace فيamong البريةmankind راحمٌa merciful person
أيريد سلماً في البرية راحمٌ
ماas long as دامremains كلٌّeveryone ثائراًan avenger مثئوراa target of vengeance
ما دام كلٌّ ثائراً مثئورا
Does a merciful man desire peace among mankind
Does one who pities seek peace in the wild
while each is avenger and vengeance's target?
While all remain defiant, enraged?
مولايmy lord حسبيenough for me منof ودادكyour affection أنّهthat it
مولاي حسبي من ودادك أنّه
لمnot يبقit has left تيّاهاًa swaggerer عليَّover me فخوراboastful
لم يبق تيّاهاً عليَّ فخورا
My lord, your affection suffices me in that it
My master, your affection suffices me
has left none to swagger and boast over me.
None remains boastful and proud over me
وعليَّand upon me حقكyour due لاnot أوفّيهI repay it وإنeven if
وعليَّ حقك لا أوفّيه وإن
أملأI fill طريقكyour path لؤلؤاًpearls منثوراscattered
أملأ طريقك لؤلؤاً منثورا
And I owe you a debt I cannot repay, even if
And I owe you a debt I cannot repay
I fill your path with scattered pearls.
Though I pave your way with scattered pearls
أحليتyou sweetened بالدمعwith tears الكريمnoble فميmy mouth كماjust as
أحليت بالدمع الكريم فمي كما
عطرتyou perfumed أنفاسيmy breaths بهwith it تعطيراrichly
عطرت أنفاسي به تعطيرا
You sweetened my mouth with noble tears, as
I wet the generous tear so my mouth, as
you perfumed my breaths with them so richly.
I scented my breath with it, was perfumed
لوif مازجmingled with القزوينthe Caspian بعضsome of مذاقتيmy savor
لو مازج القزوين بعض مذاقتي
لجرىit would surely flow شراباًas a drink للأنامfor mankind طهوراpure
لجرى شراباً للأنام طهورا
Were a little of my mouth's savor mixed into the Caspian,
If Qazvin were mixed with some of my flavor
it would flow as a pure drink for mankind.
It would flow as a cleansing draught for all people
وكفىand it suffices بهذاwith this الشعرpoetry حوليaround me موكباًas a procession
وكفى بهذا الشعر حولي موكباً
وكفىand it suffices بنفسيwith my own self وحدهاby itself جمهوراas an audience
وكفى بنفسي وحدها جمهورا
And this poetry is procession enough around me,
And this poetry around me is enough of a procession
and my own self alone is audience enough.
And my soul alone crowd enough
فلئنso if indeed وصلتyou befriended فقدthen indeed وصلتyou befriended مهذباًa refined man
فلئن وصلت فقد وصلت مهذباً
وإذاand if نصرتyou supported فقدthen indeed نصرتyou supported غيوراa zealous man
وإذا نصرت فقد نصرت غيورا
If you have befriended me, you have befriended a refined man;
So if I visited well, I visited refined
and if you have supported me, you have supported a zealous man.
And if I won, I won fiercely jealous
لوif عادreturned للأشعارto poetry فردوسيُّهاits Ferdowsi
لو عاد للأشعار فردوسيُّها
لقضىhe would surely judge الرضىapproval أنيthat I أرقam more tender شعوراin feeling
لقضى الرضى أني أرق شعورا
Were poetry's Ferdowsi to return,
If Rudaki returned to its paradise
he would gladly judge me more tender in feeling.
He'd allow I'm most passionate in fervor
Sol 6.1