إِذاwhen أَناI أَودِعتُI am laid التُرابَin the dust فَلَنthen never will تَرىyou see
إِذا أَنا أَودِعتُ التُرابَ فَلَن تَرى
كَمثليَlike me نَحويّاa grammarian أَحدَّsharper-witted وَأَحذَقاand more adept
كَمثليَ نَحويّا أَحدَّ وَأَحذَقا
When I am laid in the dust, you will never see
A grammarian like me, sharper and more adept,
وَأَنقلَand better at transmitting أَحكاماًrules وَأَكثرَand richer in شاهِداًcited evidence
وَأَنقلَ أَحكاماً وَأَكثرَ شاهِداً
وَألزمَand more committed تَنقاداًto critical scrutiny وَأَحسنَand finer مُنتَقىin selection
وَألزمَ تَنقاداً وَأَحسنَ مُنتَقى
More versed in transmitting rules, richer in cited examples,
More steadfast in scrutiny, finer in selection,
وَأَلخَصَand more concise لَفظاًin wording زالَvanished عَنهُfrom it فضولُهُits excess
وَأَلخَصَ لَفظاً زالَ عَنهُ فضولُهُ
وَأَغوصَand deeper-diving مَعنىًfor meaning كانَhad أَعيىbaffled المُدَقِّقاthe meticulous examiner
وَأَغوصَ مَعنىً كانَ أَعيى المُدَقِّقا
More concise in wording, its excess stripped away,
And deeper-diving for meanings that baffled the keen examiner,
وَأَنثَرand better at scattering للزُهرِof the lustrous اللآليpearls بَلاغةًin eloquence
وَأَنثَر للزُهرِ اللآلي بَلاغةً
وَأَنظمَand better at stringing للزُهرِof the radiant الدَراريbrilliant stars تَأنُّقاin refinement
وَأَنظمَ للزُهرِ الدَراري تَأنُّقا
More eloquent in scattering lustrous pearls,
More artful in stringing radiant stars.
مَضىhave passed ليfor me فيin التَحصيلِstudy سَبعونseventy حِجَّةًyears
مَضى لي في التَحصيلِ سَبعون حِجَّةً
نَهاراًby day وَلَيلاًand by night جامِعاًgathering ماwhat تَفَرَّقاwas scattered
نَهاراً وَلَيلاً جامِعاً ما تَفَرَّقا
Seventy years have passed for me in study,
By day and night, gathering what was scattered.
فَأَخرَجتُso I brought forth بِالبَحرِin the Sea المُحيطِEncompassing لآلئاًpearls
فَأَخرَجتُ بِالبَحرِ المُحيطِ لآلئاً
نظمتُI strung بِهِin it عِقداًa necklace بِهِwith which الدَهرُTime طُوِّقاwas adorned at the neck
نظمتُ بِهِ عِقداً بِهِ الدَهرُ طُوِّقا
In al-Baḥr al-Muḥīṭ—the Encompassing Sea—I brought forth pearls;
I strung therein a necklace hung about Time's neck.
حَشدتُI gathered بِهِin it أَقوالَthe sayings of كُلevery مُفَسِّرٍexegete
حَشدتُ بِهِ أَقوالَ كُل مُفَسِّرٍ
وَأَخرَجتُand I brought forth مِنfrom ذهنيmy mind لِنَقديfor my critical assay مَيلقاa crucible
وَأَخرَجتُ مِن ذهني لِنَقدي مَيلقا
I gathered in it the sayings of every exegete,
And drew from my mind a crucible for my assay.
سَبرتُI tested بِهِwith it ماwhat بَهرَجُواthey dressed up falsely وَانتقَدتُهُand I assayed it
سَبرتُ بِهِ ما بَهرَجُوا وَانتقَدتُهُ
وَألقيتُand I cast aside ماwhat قَدindeed كانَwas زيغاًdeviation منمَّقاornamented
وَألقيتُ ما قَد كانَ زيغاً منمَّقا
With it I tested what they had dressed up, and assayed it,
And cast aside whatever was ornamented error.
وَأَخلَصتُهُand I purified it صَفواًfree of dross صَحائفَpages of حِكمَةٍwisdom
وَأَخلَصتُهُ صَفواً صَحائفَ حِكمَةٍ
بِهاin them أُنسُsolace مَنfor whoever قَدindeed كانَwas للحقِّfor the truth شَيِّقاyearning
بِها أُنسُ مَن قَد كانَ للحقِّ شَيِّقا
I purified it into dross-free pages of wisdom,
In which is solace for whoever yearned for truth.
وَأنقَand delighted ذاthe possessor of العقلِintellect السَليمِsound رآؤُهُits fair appearance
وَأنقَ ذا العقلِ السَليمِ رآؤُهُ
وَلَولاand were it not for اِنتقادِهِits critical examination لَماit would not كانَhave been مُونِقاpleasing
وَلَولا اِنتقادِهِ لَما كانَ مُونِقا
Its beauty delighted the man of sound reason;
Without its critical sifting, it would not have been pleasing.
وَلاand no فَخرَboasting بَلrather لِلَّهِto God حَمديَmy praise دائِماًalways
وَلا فَخرَ بَل لِلَّهِ حَمديَ دائِماً
وَشُكريand my thanks عَلىfor ماwhat كانَwas ليfor me مِنهُfrom Him وَفَّقاHe granted success
وَشُكري عَلى ما كانَ لي مِنهُ وَفَّقا
No boast: rather, to God belongs my praise always,
And my thanks for whatever success He granted me.
وَلَماand when ذَوىwithered علمُknowledge of الكِتابِthe Book بِعَصرِناin our age
وَلَما ذَوى علمُ الكِتابِ بِعَصرِنا
تَعهَّدتُهُI tended it حَتّىuntil لأَصبَحَit indeed became مُورِقاleafy
تَعهَّدتُهُ حَتّى لأَصبَحَ مُورِقا
When knowledge of the Book withered in our age,
I tended it until it put forth leaves.
وَقَدand indeed ماتَhad died أَشياخthe old masters الأُلىthose who يَقرؤونَهُread it
وَقَد ماتَ أَشياخ الأُلى يَقرؤونَهُ
وَخُلِّفتُand I was left behind فَرداًalone كانَthere was ليfor me بَعدهمafter them بَقاsurvival
وَخُلِّفتُ فَرداً كانَ لي بَعدهم بَقا
The old masters who read it had died,
And I was left alone, surviving after them.
فَأَقرأتُهُso I taught it لِلناسِto the people مُوضِحَclarifying مُشكِلٍa difficulty
فَأَقرأتُهُ لِلناسِ مُوضِحَ مُشكِلٍ
وَفاتحَand opening بابٍa door مِنهُwithin it قَدindeed كانَwas مُغلَقاclosed
وَفاتحَ بابٍ مِنهُ قَد كانَ مُغلَقا
So I taught it to the people, clarifying its difficulties,
And opening a door in it that had been closed.
تَفرَّدتُI stood alone فيin الدُنياthe world بِإقرائِهِin teaching it فَمَنso whoever
تَفرَّدتُ في الدُنيا بِإقرائِهِ فَمَن
يَكُنmay be يَدَّعيlaying claim فيهِin it فَليسَthen is not مُصَدِّقاtruthful
يَكُن يَدَّعي فيهِ فَليسَ مُصَدِّقا
I stood alone in the world in teaching it; whoever
Claims such expertise in it is not speaking truth.
وَجَرَّدتُand I extracted أَحكامَthe rules of الكِتابِthe Book بِلَفظِهِin its own wording
وَجَرَّدتُ أَحكامَ الكِتابِ بِلَفظِهِ
وَتَرتيبِهِand its arrangement فَالتاجthus al-Tāj (the Crown) بَدراًas a full moon قَدindeed أَشرَقاshone
وَتَرتيبِهِ فَالتاج بَدراً قَد أَشرَقا
I extracted the Book's rules in its own wording
And arrangement; thus al-Tāj shone forth as a full moon.
فَمنso whoever ينقلtransmits الأَحكامَthe rules مِنهُfrom it كَأَنَّماit is as though
فَمن ينقل الأَحكامَ مِنهُ كَأَنَّما
تُشافِهُهُaddress him directly الأَعرابُthe Bedouin Arabs مَعنىًin meaning وَمَنطِقاand expression
تُشافِهُهُ الأَعرابُ مَعنىً وَمَنطِقا
Whoever transmits the rules from it is as though
The Bedouin Arabs spoke directly to him, in meaning and expression.
سَقىmay water اللَهُGod قَبراًa grave سيبويهِSībawayh ثَوىrested بِهِin it
سَقى اللَهُ قَبراً سيبويهِ ثَوى بِهِ
مُلِثَّunremitting الغَواديmorning rains ريقاًfresh, choice rain ثُمَthen رَيِّقاfresh, choice rain
مُلِثَّ الغَوادي ريقاً ثُمَ رَيِّقا
May God water the grave in which Sībawayh rests
With lingering morning rains, fresh shower after fresh shower.
وَبَوَّأهُand may He lodge him دارَthe abode of المَقامَةِlasting residence فيon غَدٍthe morrow
وَبَوَّأهُ دارَ المَقامَةِ في غَدٍ
بِماfor what كانَhe had أَسدىimparted مِنof عُلومٍknowledge وَحَقَّقاand verified
بِما كانَ أَسدى مِن عُلومٍ وَحَقَّقا
And lodge him on the morrow in the abode of lasting rest,
For the knowledge he imparted and verified.
وَتَعليقَةُand the Taʿlīqa of الصَفّارِal-Ṣaffār شَرحاًas a commentary يجِلُّis weighty ماwhat
وَتَعليقَةُ الصَفّارِ شَرحاً يجِلُّ ما
لَهُin it قَدindeed حَوىit contained لَخَّصتُI abridged تَلخيصَwith the abridgment of ذيone possessing اِنتِقاdiscernment in selection
لَهُ قَد حَوى لَخَّصتُ تَلخيصَ ذي اِنتِقا
Al-Ṣaffār's Taʿlīqa—a commentary weighty in what
It contains—I abridged with a discerning selector's care.
وَسميتهand I named it الأَسفارَal-Asfār مَعwith طرَرٍmarginal notes حَوَتcontaining
وَسميته الأَسفارَ مَع طرَرٍ حَوَت
مسائلَquestions لَيسَتare not فيin سِواهُنَّothers besides them تلتَقىencountered
مسائلَ لَيسَت في سِواهُنَّ تلتَقى
I named it al-Asfār, with marginal notes containing
Questions not encountered anywhere else.
وَأَحييتُand I revived تَسهيلَTashīl (Facilitation of) الفَوائدِal-Fawāʾid (the Benefits) إِذwhen غَداit became
وَأَحييتُ تَسهيلَ الفَوائدِ إِذ غَدا
مَواتاlifeless طَريحاcast aside بَينَamong كُتبِthe books of الوَرىmankind لقاdiscarded
مَواتا طَريحا بَينَ كُتبِ الوَرى لقا
I revived Tashīl al-Fawāʾid when it had become
Lifeless, flung among mankind's books, a discarded thing.
وَأَوضَحتُand I clarified مِنهُin it مُشكِلاًa difficulty وَاِنتَقَدتُهُand I critically examined it
وَأَوضَحتُ مِنهُ مُشكِلاً وَاِنتَقَدتُهُ
وَزِدتُand I added فَأَضحىso it became نيِّرbright الوَجهِof face مُشرِقاradiant
وَزِدتُ فَأَضحى نيِّر الوَجهِ مُشرِقا
I clarified its difficulties and critically examined it,
And added to it, so it became bright-faced and radiant,
عَلىat حينِa time when لَمdid not يَجسرdare عَلىto بَحثهِinvestigate it امرُؤٌany man
عَلى حينِ لَم يَجسر عَلى بَحثهِ امرُؤٌ
سِوايَexcept me وَلَمand did not يَقربهُapproach it غَرباًin the West وَمَشرِقاand the East
سِوايَ وَلَم يَقربهُ غَرباً وَمَشرِقا
At a time when no man dared investigate it
Save me, nor approached it in West or East.
بِهِthrough it نُسِختwere superseded كُتبُthe books of النحاةِthe grammarians وَأُهمِلتand were neglected
بِهِ نُسِخت كُتبُ النحاةِ وَأُهمِلت
فَلَستَso you do not تَرىsee يَوماًever عَليهِنَّupon them رَونَقاany luster
فَلَستَ تَرى يَوماً عَليهِنَّ رَونَقا
Through it the grammarians' books were superseded and neglected;
You will never see any luster upon them.
لأَظلَمَindeed grew dark إيضاحٌĪḍāḥ (Clarification) وَأَقصواand they banished مُقَرِّباًMuqarrib (Bringer Near)
لأَظلَمَ إيضاحٌ وَأَقصوا مُقَرِّباً
كَذاlikewise جُمَلٌJumal مَعهُwith it المُفَصَّلُal-Mufaṣṣal مُزِّقاwas torn apart
كَذا جُمَلٌ مَعهُ المُفَصَّلُ مُزِّقا
Al-Īḍāḥ indeed grew dark, and they drove al-Muqarrib far away;
So too al-Jumal; with it al-Mufaṣṣal was torn apart,
وَقانونُand the Qānūn (Canon) of عِيسىʿĪsā وَالفُصُولُand al-Fuṣūl (Sections) وَنَظمُهاand its versification
وَقانونُ عِيسى وَالفُصُولُ وَنَظمُها
وَنَظمُand the versification of ابنُIbn (son of) مالٍMāl (Mālik) ماhow أَرَدَّpoor وَأَقلَقاand vexing
وَنَظمُ ابنُ مالٍ ما أَرَدَّ وَأَقلَقا
And ʿĪsā's Qānūn, and al-Fuṣūl and its versification,
And Ibn Mālik's versification—how poor and vexing!
وَكافيّةُand the Kāfiya of ابنِIbn الحاجبِal-Ḥājib اِحتجبَتhid itself فَماso it is not
وَكافيّةُ ابنِ الحاجبِ اِحتجبَت فَما
تُرىseen وَهيَand it is نَزرٌscant ماhow أَقلَّmeager وَأَغلَقاand obscure
تُرى وَهيَ نَزرٌ ما أَقلَّ وَأَغلَقا
Ibn al-Ḥājib's Kāfiya hid itself, no longer
Seen; a scant work—how meager and obscure!
وَأنشأتُand I composed للتسهيلِfor al-Tashīl شَرحاًa commentary وَالارتشاand al-Irtishā—
وَأنشأتُ للتسهيلِ شَرحاً وَالارتشا
فِ—f (completes al-Irtishāf) نَشأًa creation غَريبَnovel الوَضعِin arrangement بِالعَقلِwith reason طُبِّقاmade to accord
فِ نَشأً غَريبَ الوَضعِ بِالعَقلِ طُبِّقا
I composed a commentary on al-Tashīl, and al-Irtishāf,
A creation of novel design, fitted to reason.
وَنَخَّلتُand I sifted مِنfrom شَرحِthe commentary of ابنِIbn مالِكٍMālik الَّذيwhich
وَنَخَّلتُ مِن شَرحِ ابنِ مالِكٍ الَّذي
وَقَفناwe found لَهُof his شَرحاًa commentary لَطيفاfine مُلَفَّقاpieced together
وَقَفنا لَهُ شَرحاً لَطيفا مُلَفَّقا
I sifted from Ibn Mālik's commentary, which
We had found, a fine, pieced-together commentary.
فَكَمَّلتُso I completed بِالتَكميلwith al-Takmīl (Completion) ماwhat كانَwas ناقِصاًincomplete
فَكَمَّلتُ بِالتَكميل ما كانَ ناقِصاً
فَغرَّبso went westward هَذاthis الشَرحُcommentary عَنّاfrom us وَشَرَّقاand went eastward
فَغرَّب هَذا الشَرحُ عَنّا وَشَرَّقا
Through al-Takmīl I completed what was lacking,
And this commentary went forth from us, west and east.
وَتَذكِرَتيand my Tadhkira كَمhow many قَدindeed حَوَتit contained مِنof فَضائِلٍexcellent things
وَتَذكِرَتي كَم قَد حَوَت مِن فَضائِلٍ
شَواهدَillustrative citations نَحوٍof grammar مَعtogether with مَسائلَquestions تُنتَقىselected
شَواهدَ نَحوٍ مَع مَسائلَ تُنتَقى
My Tadhkira—how many excellences it contains:
Citations on grammar, together with selected questions.
Sol 6.1