لَزِمتُI kept to اِنفِراديmy solitude إِذwhen قَطَعتُI severed العَلائِقاthe ties
لَزِمتُ اِنفِرادي إِذ قَطَعتُ العَلائِقا
وَجالَستُand I kept company with مِنfrom ذاتيmy own self الصَديقَthe friend الموافقاcongenial
وَجالَستُ مِن ذاتي الصَديقَ الموافقا
I kept to my solitude when I severed the ties,
And kept company with the congenial friend within myself.
وَآنَسنيand comforted me فكريmy thought لِبُعديbecause of my distance عَنfrom الوَرىhumankind
وَآنَسني فكري لِبُعدي عَن الوَرى
فَلَستso I am not إِلىfor شَيءٍanything سِوىother than العلمِknowledge تائِقاyearning
فَلَست إِلى شَيءٍ سِوى العلمِ تائِقا
And my thought comforted me, since I was far from humankind,
So I long for nothing but knowledge.
أَرىI see يَقظَتيmy wakefulness تُبديreveal لَطائفَsubtleties of حكمةٍwisdom
أَرى يَقظَتي تُبدي لَطائفَ حكمةٍ
وَفيand in هجعتيmy slumber وَهناًlate at night أشيمI watch البَوارِقاthe lightning flashes
وَفي هجعتي وَهناً أشيم البَوارِقا
I see my wakefulness reveal subtleties of wisdom,
And in my slumber, late at night, I watch the lightning flashes.
بَوارقَflashes فيin صُحفٍpages مِنof العلمِknowledge اجتليI behold
بَوارقَ في صُحفٍ مِن العلمِ اجتلي
مُشاهَدةًdirectly witnessing مِنهاfrom them المَعانيthe meanings الدَقائِقاsubtle
مُشاهَدةً مِنها المَعاني الدَقائِقا
Flashes in pages of learning that I behold,
Directly witnessing through them the subtle meanings.
فأختالُso I stroll proudly مِنهاfrom them فيin رِياضٍgardens أَنيقَةٍlovely
فأختالُ مِنها في رِياضٍ أَنيقَةٍ
وَأَقطفُand I pluck مِنهاfrom them الزهرَthe flowers أَنورَradiant فائِقاexcellent
وَأَقطفُ مِنها الزهرَ أَنورَ فائِقا
Thus I stroll proudly in their lovely gardens,
And pluck their flowers, radiant and exquisite.
إِذاwhen أَحجمَتbalked أَذهانُthe minds of قَومٍsome people عَنat الَّذيwhat
إِذا أَحجمَت أَذهانُ قَومٍ عَن الَّذي
يُعاطَونَthey undertake كانَwas الذّهنthe mind ليmine فيهِin it سابِقاahead
يُعاطَونَ كانَ الذّهن لي فيهِ سابِقا
When the minds of some people balk at what
They undertake, my mind is already ahead in it.
وَإِنand if يَشرَبواthey drink طَرقاًfouled water لتكديرbecause of the clouding of ذهنِهِمtheir intellect
وَإِن يَشرَبوا طَرقاً لتكدير ذهنِهِم
شَرِبتُI drank أَناI myself صَفواًpure water إِلىto العينِthe eye رائِقاclear
شَرِبتُ أَنا صَفواً إِلى العينِ رائِقا
And if they drink fouled water because their minds are clouded,
I myself drink pure water, clear to the eye.
وَأَنقُدُand I assay ماwhat قَدalready بَهرَجُواthey counterfeited مِنof كَلامهمtheir speech
وَأَنقُدُ ما قَد بَهرَجُوا مِن كَلامهم
كَأنَّas though بِذهنيin my mind عِندَat ذاكُمthat مَيالِقاassaying crucibles
كَأنَّ بِذهني عِندَ ذاكُم مَيالِقا
And I assay what they have counterfeited in their speech,
As though my mind then held assaying crucibles.
وَمَنand whoever يُؤتَis granted فَهماًunderstanding فيof القُرآنِthe Qur'an فَإِنَّهُthen he indeed
وَمَن يُؤتَ فَهماً في القُرآنِ فَإِنَّهُ
يَفتحُhe opens مِنهُfrom it بِالذَكاءِwith intelligence المَغالِقاthe locks
يَفتحُ مِنهُ بِالذَكاءِ المَغالِقا
And whoever is granted understanding of the Qur'an will surely
Open its locks through intelligence.
وَيَنشَقُand he inhales مِنfrom ريّاهits fragrance عَرفَthe scent of أَزاهرٍblossoms
وَيَنشَقُ مِن ريّاه عَرفَ أَزاهرٍ
تَرىyou see الجوَّthe air مِنهاfrom them حينَwhen تَأرجit grew fragrant عابِقاladen with scent
تَرى الجوَّ مِنها حينَ تَأرج عابِقا
And he inhales from its fragrance the scent of blossoms;
You see the air laden with their scent as it grows fragrant.
وَيُدرِكand he perceives بِالفكرِwith thought المُصيبِsound لَطائِفاًsubtleties
وَيُدرِك بِالفكرِ المُصيبِ لَطائِفاً
تَرىyou see اللَفظَthe wording لِلمَعنىto the meaning بِهِنَّthrough them مُطابِقاmatching
تَرى اللَفظَ لِلمَعنى بِهِنَّ مُطابِقا
And with sound thought he perceives subtleties
Through which you see the wording match the meaning.
وَيَزدادُand he increases بِالتَكرارِthrough repetition فيهِin it لَذاذةًin delight
وَيَزدادُ بِالتَكرارِ فيهِ لَذاذةً
كَماjust as لُكتَyou chewed مَعسولاًhoney-sweetened مِنof الحُلوِsweetness صادِقاgenuine
كَما لُكتَ مَعسولاً مِن الحُلوِ صادِقا
And with repetition he finds ever greater delight in it,
As when you chew a honeyed morsel of true sweetness.
مُجيريmy protector كِتابُthe Book of اللَهGod يَومِيmy daytime وَإِنَّهُand indeed it
مُجيري كِتابُ اللَه يَومِي وَإِنَّهُ
هَجيريmy constant recitation إِذاwhen ماemphatic particle اللَيلُthe night أظلَمgrew dark غاسِقاdeeply dark
هَجيري إِذا ما اللَيلُ أظلَم غاسِقا
The Book of God is my protector by day, and indeed it is
My constant recitation when night grows deeply dark.
كِتابٌa Book بِلِسنِin the tongue of العُربِthe Arabs أَوحاهHe revealed it جارياًproceeding
كِتابٌ بِلِسنِ العُربِ أَوحاه جارياً
عَلىalong نَهجِهمtheir path لَمdid not يَعدُstray عَنهُمfrom them طَرائِقاin its ways
عَلى نَهجِهم لَم يَعدُ عَنهُم طَرائِقا
A Book He revealed in the Arabs' tongue, proceeding
Along their path, never straying from their ways.
وَمَنand whoever يَجعلsets القُرآنَthe Qur'an نَصباًbefore لِعينهِhis eye
وَمَن يَجعل القُرآنَ نَصباً لِعينهِ
يَنَلattains خَيرَthe best of مَأمولٍwhat is hoped for وَيَأمنand is safe from بَوائِقاcalamities
يَنَل خَيرَ مَأمولٍ وَيَأمن بَوائِقا
And whoever keeps the Qur'an before his eyes
Attains the best of what he hopes for and is safe from calamities.
أَرىI see الناسَpeople أَشتاتاًdivided فَبَعضٌso some مُعارِضٌopposing
أَرى الناسَ أَشتاتاً فَبَعضٌ مُعارِضٌ
لِبَعضto others يخالُhe imagines الحَقَّthe truth فيin فيهِhis mouth ناطِقاspeaking
لِبَعض يخالُ الحَقَّ في فيهِ ناطِقا
I see people divided, some opposing
Others, each imagining that truth speaks from his mouth.
وَماand not اِفتَرَقواthey differed إِلاexcept لعجزِbecause of the inadequacy of فُهومِهمtheir understandings
وَما اِفتَرَقوا إِلا لعجزِ فُهومِهم
وَلَوand had أَدرَكواthey understood لَمnot يُبصِرواthey would see فيهِin it فارِقاa difference
وَلَو أَدرَكوا لَم يُبصِروا فيهِ فارِقا
And they have differed only because their understanding falls short;
Had they understood, they would have seen no division in it.
وَإقليدُهand its key حَقاًtruly هُوَit is النَحوُgrammar فاقصِدنso strive earnestly
وَإقليدُه حَقاً هُوَ النَحوُ فاقصِدن
لتَحصيلِهِto master it إِنif كُنتَyou are للعلمِfor knowledge عاشِقاa lover
لتَحصيلِهِ إِن كُنتَ للعلمِ عاشِقا
And its key, truly, is grammar; so strive
To master it, if you love knowledge.
عَلىin proportion to قدرِthe extent of تَحصيلِmastery الفَتىthe young man فيهِin it فَهمُهhis understanding
عَلى قدرِ تَحصيلِ الفَتى فيهِ فَهمُه
فَأَقلِلso acquire little وَأَكثِرand acquire much وَاصِلاًdrawing close أَوor مُفارِقاkeeping apart
فَأَقلِل وَأَكثِر وَاصِلاً أَو مُفارِقا
A young man's understanding accords with his mastery of it;
So acquire little or much, drawing close or keeping apart.
وَدَعand abandon عَنكَaway from yourself تَقليدَimitation of الرِجالِmen فَإِنَّماfor only
وَدَع عَنكَ تَقليدَ الرِجالِ فَإِنَّما
يُقَلِّدُهمimitates them مَنone who كانَis أَنوكَfoolish مائِقاwitless
يُقَلِّدُهم مَن كانَ أَنوكَ مائِقا
And cast off imitation of men, for only
One who is foolish and witless imitates them.
وَلاand do not تعدُturn away عَنfrom كَشّافِthe Kashshaf of شَيخthe shaykh of زَمَخشَرٍZamakhshar
وَلا تعدُ عَن كَشّافِ شَيخ زَمَخشَرٍ
وَكاشِفand unveil بِهِwith it باغيthe seeker of الكراماتِmiracles خارِقاa wonder
وَكاشِف بِهِ باغي الكراماتِ خارِقا
And do not turn away from the Kashshaf of the shaykh of Zamakhshar,
And with it reveal a wonder to the seeker of miracles.
فَكَمfor how many بكرa virgin مَعنىًmeaning عَزَّproved difficult مِنهاamong them اِفتِراعُهاits deflowering
فَكَم بكر مَعنىً عَزَّ مِنها اِفتِراعُها
لَهاfor it ذهنُهُhis mind الوقّادُblazing أَصبَحَbecame فاتِقاan opener
لَها ذهنُهُ الوقّادُ أَصبَحَ فاتِقا
For many a virgin meaning among them was hard to deflower;
His blazing mind became the one to open it.
كَساهاhe clothed it مِنof اللَفظِwording البَديعِexquisite مَلابِساًgarments
كَساها مِن اللَفظِ البَديعِ مَلابِساً
فَجرَّتso it trailed ذُيولاًtrains للفَخارِin pride سَوامِقاlofty
فَجرَّت ذُيولاً للفَخارِ سَوامِقا
He clothed it in garments of exquisite wording,
So it trailed lofty trains in pride.
لَقَدindeed غاصَhe dived فيinto بَحرٍa sea فَأَبدىand brought forth جَواهِراًjewels
لَقَد غاصَ في بَحرٍ فَأَبدى جَواهِراً
وَلَولاand were it not for اعتيادُpractice in السبحِswimming قَدcertainly كانَhe would have been غارِقاdrowned
وَلَولا اعتيادُ السبحِ قَد كانَ غارِقا
Indeed, he dived into a sea and brought forth jewels;
And had he not been practiced in swimming, he would certainly have drowned.
وَراضَand he trained لَهُfor himself فيin العلمِlearning نَفساًa soul نَفيسَةًprecious
وَراضَ لَهُ في العلمِ نَفساً نَفيسَةً
فَقادَتso it led لَهُto him آبيone refusing المَقادَةِbeing led آبِقاa fugitive
فَقادَت لَهُ آبي المَقادَةِ آبِقا
And he trained for himself a precious soul in learning,
So it brought him the fugitive that had refused to be led.
وَكَشَّفَand he unveiled بِالكَشّافِwith the Kashshaf لاmay not خابَfail سَعيُهُhis effort
وَكَشَّفَ بِالكَشّافِ لا خابَ سَعيُهُ
مُغَطّىveiled خَبيّاتٍhidden secrets تَبَدَّتbecame manifest حَقائِقاtruths
مُغَطّى خَبيّاتٍ تَبَدَّت حَقائِقا
And with the Kashshaf he unveiled—may his effort not fail—
Veiled secrets that emerged as truths.
وَلَكنَّهُbut it فيهِin it مَجالٌscope لِناقِدٍfor a critic
وَلَكنَّهُ فيهِ مَجالٌ لِناقِدٍ
وَزَلاتُand slips سَوءٍof evil قَدindeed أَخَذنَthey have seized المَخانِقاthe throats
وَزَلاتُ سَوءٍ قَد أَخَذنَ المَخانِقا
Yet there is scope in it for a critic,
And grievous slips that have gripped throats.
فَيثبِتُso he affirms مَوضوعَthe fabricated الأَحاديثِhadith reports جاهِلاًin ignorance
فَيثبِتُ مَوضوعَ الأَحاديثِ جاهِلاً
وَيَعزُوand he attributes إِلىto المَعصومِthe infallible one ماwhat لَيسَis not لائِقاbefitting
وَيَعزُو إِلى المَعصومِ ما لَيسَ لائِقا
Thus he affirms fabricated hadiths in ignorance,
And attributes to the infallible one what does not befit him.
وَيَشتِمand he reviles أَعلامَthe leading figures of الأَئِمَةِthe imams ضَلَّةًmisguidedly
وَيَشتِم أَعلامَ الأَئِمَةِ ضَلَّةً
وَلاand not سِيماthe like أَنthat أَولَجُوهthey drove him into المَضايِقاthe narrow straits
وَلا سِيما أَن أَولَجُوه المَضايِقا
And misguidedly reviles the eminent imams,
Especially since they drove him into narrow straits.
وَيُسهِبُand he expatiates فيon المَعنىthe meaning الوَجيزِconcise دَلالَةًin signification
وَيُسهِبُ في المَعنى الوَجيزِ دَلالَةً
بِتَكثيرby multiplying أَلفاظٍwords تُسمّىare called الشَقاشِقاbombastic tirades
بِتَكثير أَلفاظٍ تُسمّى الشَقاشِقا
And he expatiates on a meaning concise in its import,
By multiplying words called bombastic tirades.
يقَوِّلhe makes say فيهاin them اللَهGod ماwhat لَيسَis not قائِلاًsaying
يقَوِّل فيها اللَه ما لَيسَ قائِلاً
وَكانَand he was مُحِبّاًa lover فيof الخَطابَةِoratory وَامِقاdeeply enamored
وَكانَ مُحِبّاً في الخَطابَةِ وَامِقا
In them he makes God say what He does not say,
And he was a lover of oratory, deeply enamored.
وَيُخطئand he errs فيin تَركيبهِhis construction لكلامِهِof his speech
وَيُخطئ في تَركيبهِ لكلامِهِ
فلَيسَso it is not لماwith what قَدalready رَكَّبوهthey constructed it مُوافِقاin accord
فلَيسَ لما قَد رَكَّبوه مُوافِقا
And he errs in the construction of his speech,
So it does not accord with what they have constructed.
وَيَنسُبand he attributes إِبداءَthe revealing of المَعانيmeanings لِنَفسِهِto himself
وَيَنسُب إِبداءَ المَعاني لِنَفسِهِ
لِيُوهِمَto mislead أَغماراًthe inexperienced وَإِنand although كانَhe is سارِقاa thief
لِيُوهِمَ أَغماراً وَإِن كانَ سارِقا
And he credits himself with revealing meanings,
To mislead the inexperienced, though he is a thief.
وَيُخطئand he errs فيin فَهمِunderstanding القُرانِthe Qur'an لأَنَّهُbecause he
وَيُخطئ في فَهمِ القُرانِ لأَنَّهُ
يُجَوِّزُhe permits إِعراباa grammatical parsing أَبىrefused أَنto يُطابِقاmatch
يُجَوِّزُ إِعرابا أَبى أَن يُطابِقا
And he errs in understanding the Qur'an, because he
Permits a grammatical parsing that refuses to fit.
وَكَمand how great بَينَbetween مَنone who يُؤتىis granted البيانeloquence سَليقَةًby natural aptitude
وَكَم بَينَ مَن يُؤتى البيان سَليقَةً
وَآخرَand another عاناهُhe labored over it فَماyet not هُوَhe لاحِقاcatching up
وَآخرَ عاناهُ فَما هُوَ لاحِقا
And how vast is the gulf between one granted eloquence by nature
And another who labored over it, yet does not catch up.
وَيَحتالand he uses guile لِلأَلفاظِwith the words حَتّىuntil يُديرَهاhe turns them
وَيَحتال لِلأَلفاظِ حَتّى يُديرَها
لِمذهبِtoward a doctrine سوءٍof evil فيهِin which أَصبَحَhe has become مارِقاa renegade
لِمذهبِ سوءٍ فيهِ أَصبَحَ مارِقا
And he uses guile with words until he turns them
Toward an evil doctrine in which he has become a renegade.
فَياso alas خُسرَهُhis ruin شَيخاًas a shaykh تَخرَّقَswept through صِيتُهُhis fame
فَيا خُسرَهُ شَيخاً تَخرَّقَ صِيتُهُ
مَغاربَwestern lands تَخريقlike the sweeping of الصَباthe east wind وَمشارِقاand eastern lands
مَغاربَ تَخريق الصَبا وَمشارِقا
Alas for his ruin—a shaykh whose fame has swept through
West and east, as the east wind sweeps through them.
لَئِنif indeed لَمdoes not تَدارَكهovertake him مِنfrom اللَهِGod رَحمَةٌmercy
لَئِن لَم تَدارَكه مِن اللَهِ رَحمَةٌ
لَسَوفَsurely will يُرىbe seen للكافِرينَto the unbelievers مَرافِقاa companion
لَسَوفَ يُرى للكافِرينَ مَرافِقا
If mercy from God does not come to his rescue,
He will surely be seen as a companion to the unbelievers.
Sol 6.1