لَزِمتُI kept to اِنفِراديmy solitude إِذwhen قَطَعتُI severed العَلائِقاthe ties
لَزِمتُ اِنفِرادي إِذ قَطَعتُ العَلائِقا
وَجالَستُand I sat with مِنfrom ذاتيmy own self الصَديقَthe friend الموافقاcongenial
وَجالَستُ مِن ذاتي الصَديقَ الموافقا
I kept to my solitude when I severed the ties,
And kept company with the congenial friend within myself.
وَآنَسنيand kept me company فكريmy thought لِبُعديbecause of my distance عَنfrom الوَرىhumankind
وَآنَسني فكري لِبُعدي عَن الوَرى
فَلَستso I am not إِلىfor شَيءٍanything سِوىexcept العلمِlearning تائِقاlonging
فَلَست إِلى شَيءٍ سِوى العلمِ تائِقا
My thought kept me company in my distance from humankind,
So I long for nothing but learning.
أَرىI see يَقظَتيmy wakefulness تُبديreveals لَطائفَsubtleties of حكمةٍwisdom
أَرى يَقظَتي تُبدي لَطائفَ حكمةٍ
وَفيand in هجعتيmy slumber وَهناًlate at night أشيمI watch البَوارِقاthe lightning flashes
وَفي هجعتي وَهناً أشيم البَوارِقا
I see my wakefulness reveal subtleties of wisdom,
And in my slumber, late at night, I watch the lightning flashes.
بَوارقَflashes فيin صُحفٍpages مِنof العلمِlearning اجتليI behold
بَوارقَ في صُحفٍ مِن العلمِ اجتلي
مُشاهَدةًthrough direct contemplation مِنهاfrom them المَعانيthe meanings الدَقائِقاthe delicate ones
مُشاهَدةً مِنها المَعاني الدَقائِقا
Flashes in pages of learning: I behold,
Through direct contemplation, the delicate meanings within them.
فأختالُso I stroll proudly مِنهاthrough them فيin رِياضٍgardens أَنيقَةٍlovely
فأختالُ مِنها في رِياضٍ أَنيقَةٍ
وَأَقطفُand I pluck مِنهاfrom them الزهرَthe flowers أَنورَmost radiant فائِقاsurpassing
وَأَقطفُ مِنها الزهرَ أَنورَ فائِقا
So through them I stroll proudly in lovely gardens,
And pluck their flowers, radiant and peerless.
إِذاwhen أَحجمَتshrink back أَذهانُthe minds of قَومٍa people عَنfrom الَّذيwhat
إِذا أَحجمَت أَذهانُ قَومٍ عَن الَّذي
يُعاطَونَthey undertake كانَwas الذّهنthe mind ليfor me فيهِin it سابِقاahead
يُعاطَونَ كانَ الذّهن لي فيهِ سابِقا
When people's minds shrink back from what
They undertake, my own mind takes the lead.
وَإِنand if يَشرَبواthey drink طَرقاًfouled water لتكديرbecause of the clouding of ذهنِهِمtheir minds
وَإِن يَشرَبوا طَرقاً لتكدير ذهنِهِم
شَرِبتُI drank أَناI myself صَفواًpure water إِلىto العينِthe eye رائِقاlimpid
شَرِبتُ أَنا صَفواً إِلى العينِ رائِقا
And if they drink fouled water because their minds are clouded,
I myself drink pure water, limpid to the eye.
وَأَنقُدُand I assay ماwhat قَدalready بَهرَجُواthey have counterfeited مِنof كَلامهمtheir speech
وَأَنقُدُ ما قَد بَهرَجُوا مِن كَلامهم
كَأنَّas though بِذهنيin my mind عِندَat ذاكُمthat moment مَيالِقاassaying crucibles
كَأنَّ بِذهني عِندَ ذاكُم مَيالِقا
And I assay what they have counterfeited in their speech,
As though my mind then held assaying crucibles.
وَمَنand whoever يُؤتَis granted فَهماًunderstanding فيof القُرآنِthe Qur'an فَإِنَّهُthen indeed he
وَمَن يُؤتَ فَهماً في القُرآنِ فَإِنَّهُ
يَفتحُopens مِنهُwithin it بِالذَكاءِwith intelligence المَغالِقاthe locks
يَفتحُ مِنهُ بِالذَكاءِ المَغالِقا
And whoever is granted understanding of the Qur'an indeed
Opens its locks with intelligence.
وَيَنشَقُand he inhales مِنfrom ريّاهits fragrance عَرفَthe scent of أَزاهرٍblossoms
وَيَنشَقُ مِن ريّاه عَرفَ أَزاهرٍ
تَرىyou see الجوَّthe air مِنهاfrom them حينَwhen تَأرجit becomes fragrant عابِقاperfumed
تَرى الجوَّ مِنها حينَ تَأرج عابِقا
And inhales, from its fragrance, the scent of blossoms:
You see the air perfumed by them as fragrance spreads.
وَيُدرِكand he grasps بِالفكرِwith thought المُصيبِunerring لَطائِفاًsubtleties
وَيُدرِك بِالفكرِ المُصيبِ لَطائِفاً
تَرىyou see اللَفظَthe wording لِلمَعنىto the meaning بِهِنَّin them مُطابِقاcorresponding
تَرى اللَفظَ لِلمَعنى بِهِنَّ مُطابِقا
And with unerring thought he grasps subtleties
In which you see the wording match the meaning.
وَيَزدادُand he gains more بِالتَكرارِthrough repetition فيهِin it لَذاذةًdelight
وَيَزدادُ بِالتَكرارِ فيهِ لَذاذةً
كَماas when لُكتَyou chewed مَعسولاًsomething honeyed مِنof الحُلوِsweetness صادِقاgenuine
كَما لُكتَ مَعسولاً مِن الحُلوِ صادِقا
And through repetition he finds ever more delight in it,
As when you chew a honeyed morsel of genuine sweetness.
مُجيريmy protector كِتابُthe Book of اللَهGod يَومِيthrough my day وَإِنَّهُand indeed it
مُجيري كِتابُ اللَه يَومِي وَإِنَّهُ
هَجيريmy constant refrain إِذاwhen ماemphatic particle اللَيلُthe night أظلَمgrows dark غاسِقاdeeply dark
هَجيري إِذا ما اللَيلُ أظلَم غاسِقا
God's Book is my protector through the day, and it is
My constant refrain when night grows deeply dark.
كِتابٌa book بِلِسنِin the tongue of العُربِthe Arabs أَوحاهHe revealed it جارياًflowing
كِتابٌ بِلِسنِ العُربِ أَوحاه جارياً
عَلىalong نَهجِهمtheir course لَمdid not يَعدُdepart عَنهُمfrom them طَرائِقاpaths
عَلى نَهجِهم لَم يَعدُ عَنهُم طَرائِقا
A book He revealed in the Arabs' tongue, flowing
Along their course, never departing from their ways.
وَمَنand whoever يَجعلsets القُرآنَthe Qur'an نَصباًplainly displayed لِعينهِto his eyes
وَمَن يَجعل القُرآنَ نَصباً لِعينهِ
يَنَلobtains خَيرَthe best of مَأمولٍwhat is hoped for وَيَأمنand is safe from بَوائِقاcalamities
يَنَل خَيرَ مَأمولٍ وَيَأمن بَوائِقا
Whoever keeps the Qur'an before his eyes
Attains the best of what he hopes for and is safe from calamities.
أَرىI see الناسَpeople أَشتاتاًdivided فَبَعضٌso some مُعارِضٌopposing
أَرى الناسَ أَشتاتاً فَبَعضٌ مُعارِضٌ
لِبَعضagainst others يخالُhe imagines الحَقَّthe truth فيin فيهِhis mouth ناطِقاspeaking
لِبَعض يخالُ الحَقَّ في فيهِ ناطِقا
I see people divided, some opposing
Others, each thinking truth speaks through his own mouth.
وَماand not اِفتَرَقواthey differed إِلاexcept لعجزِbecause of the inadequacy of فُهومِهمtheir understanding
وَما اِفتَرَقوا إِلا لعجزِ فُهومِهم
وَلَوand had أَدرَكواthey understood لَمwould not يُبصِرواsee فيهِin it فارِقاany difference
وَلَو أَدرَكوا لَم يُبصِروا فيهِ فارِقا
They differ only because their understanding falls short;
Had they understood, they would have found no difference within it.
وَإقليدُهand its key حَقاًtruly هُوَit is النَحوُgrammar فاقصِدنso strive earnestly
وَإقليدُه حَقاً هُوَ النَحوُ فاقصِدن
لتَحصيلِهِto mastering it إِنif كُنتَyou are للعلمِof learning عاشِقاa lover
لتَحصيلِهِ إِن كُنتَ للعلمِ عاشِقا
Its true key is grammar, so strive earnestly
To master it, if you are a lover of learning.
عَلىaccording to قدرِthe measure of تَحصيلِthe mastery of الفَتىa young man فيهِin it فَهمُهhis understanding
عَلى قدرِ تَحصيلِ الفَتى فيهِ فَهمُه
فَأَقلِلso acquire little وَأَكثِرand acquire much وَاصِلاًremaining connected أَوor مُفارِقاparting
فَأَقلِل وَأَكثِر وَاصِلاً أَو مُفارِقا
A man's understanding is measured by his mastery of it;
So acquire little or much, staying with it or parting from it.
وَدَعand put aside عَنكَfrom yourself تَقليدَthe imitation of الرِجالِmen فَإِنَّماfor only
وَدَع عَنكَ تَقليدَ الرِجالِ فَإِنَّما
يُقَلِّدُهمimitates them مَنone who كانَis أَنوكَfoolish مائِقاwitless
يُقَلِّدُهم مَن كانَ أَنوكَ مائِقا
Cast aside the imitation of men, for only
The foolish and witless imitate them.
وَلاand do not تعدُturn away عَنfrom كَشّافِthe Kashshaf of شَيخthe shaykh of زَمَخشَرٍZamakhshar
وَلا تعدُ عَن كَشّافِ شَيخ زَمَخشَرٍ
وَكاشِفand reveal to بِهِthrough it باغيthe seeker of الكراماتِmiracles خارِقاa wonder
وَكاشِف بِهِ باغي الكراماتِ خارِقا
Do not pass over the Kashshaf of the shaykh of Zamakhshar;
And with it reveal a wonder to the seeker of miracles.
فَكَمfor many a بكرvirgin مَعنىًmeaning عَزَّwas difficult مِنهاof her اِفتِراعُهاher deflowering
فَكَم بكر مَعنىً عَزَّ مِنها اِفتِراعُها
لَهاfor her ذهنُهُhis mind الوقّادُblazing أَصبَحَbecame فاتِقاone who lays open
لَها ذهنُهُ الوقّادُ أَصبَحَ فاتِقا
For many a virgin meaning, hard to deflower,
His blazing mind became the one to lay her open.
كَساهاhe clothed her مِنof اللَفظِwording البَديعِexquisite مَلابِساًgarments
كَساها مِن اللَفظِ البَديعِ مَلابِساً
فَجرَّتso she trailed ذُيولاًtrains للفَخارِof pride سَوامِقاlofty
فَجرَّت ذُيولاً للفَخارِ سَوامِقا
He clothed her in garments of exquisite language,
And she trailed lofty trains of pride.
لَقَدindeed غاصَhe dived فيinto بَحرٍa sea فَأَبدىso he brought forth جَواهِراًjewels
لَقَد غاصَ في بَحرٍ فَأَبدى جَواهِراً
وَلَولاand but for اعتيادُhabitual practice of السبحِswimming قَدsurely كانَhe would have been غارِقاdrowned
وَلَولا اعتيادُ السبحِ قَد كانَ غارِقا
He truly dived into a sea and brought forth jewels;
Had he not been accustomed to swimming, he would have drowned.
وَراضَand he trained لَهُfor himself فيin العلمِlearning نَفساًa soul نَفيسَةًprecious
وَراضَ لَهُ في العلمِ نَفساً نَفيسَةً
فَقادَتso it led لَهُto him آبيone refusing المَقادَةِbeing led آبِقاa fugitive
فَقادَت لَهُ آبي المَقادَةِ آبِقا
And in learning he trained for himself a precious soul;
It led to him the fugitive that refused to be led.
وَكَشَّفَand he unveiled بِالكَشّافِwith al-Kashshaf لاmay not خابَfail سَعيُهُhis endeavor
وَكَشَّفَ بِالكَشّافِ لا خابَ سَعيُهُ
مُغَطّىveiled خَبيّاتٍsecrets تَبَدَّتthey emerged حَقائِقاas truths
مُغَطّى خَبيّاتٍ تَبَدَّت حَقائِقا
And with al-Kashshaf he unveiled—may his endeavor not fail—
Veiled secrets, which emerged as truths.
وَلَكنَّهُyet it فيهِin it مَجالٌscope لِناقِدٍfor a critic
وَلَكنَّهُ فيهِ مَجالٌ لِناقِدٍ
وَزَلاتُand lapses of سَوءٍevil قَدalready أَخَذنَhave seized المَخانِقاthroats
وَزَلاتُ سَوءٍ قَد أَخَذنَ المَخانِقا
Yet in it there is scope for a critic,
And grievous errors that clutch at the throat.
فَيثبِتُso he accepts مَوضوعَfabricated الأَحاديثِhadiths جاهِلاًignorantly
فَيثبِتُ مَوضوعَ الأَحاديثِ جاهِلاً
وَيَعزُوand he attributes إِلىto المَعصومِthe infallible one ماwhat لَيسَis not لائِقاfitting
وَيَعزُو إِلى المَعصومِ ما لَيسَ لائِقا
He ignorantly accepts fabricated hadiths,
And attributes to the infallible one what is unfitting.
وَيَشتِمand he reviles أَعلامَthe foremost of الأَئِمَةِthe imams ضَلَّةًin error
وَيَشتِم أَعلامَ الأَئِمَةِ ضَلَّةً
وَلاand no سِيماequal (together: especially) أَنbecause أَولَجُوهthey forced him into المَضايِقاtight corners
وَلا سِيما أَن أَولَجُوه المَضايِقا
And in error he reviles the foremost imams,
Especially because they forced him into tight corners.
وَيُسهِبُand he dwells at length فيon المَعنىa meaning الوَجيزِconcise دَلالَةًin expression
وَيُسهِبُ في المَعنى الوَجيزِ دَلالَةً
بِتَكثيرby multiplying أَلفاظٍwords تُسمّىcalled الشَقاشِقاbombastic outpourings
بِتَكثير أَلفاظٍ تُسمّى الشَقاشِقا
He dwells at length on a meaning concise to convey,
By multiplying words that are called bombast.
يقَوِّلhe makes say فيهاin them اللَهGod ماwhat لَيسَHe is not قائِلاًsaying
يقَوِّل فيها اللَه ما لَيسَ قائِلاً
وَكانَand he was مُحِبّاًa lover فيof الخَطابَةِoratory وَامِقاpassionately enamored
وَكانَ مُحِبّاً في الخَطابَةِ وَامِقا
In them he makes God say what He does not say,
And he was a lover of oratory, passionately enamored.
وَيُخطئand he errs فيin تَركيبهِhis construction لكلامِهِof his speech
وَيُخطئ في تَركيبهِ لكلامِهِ
فلَيسَso it is not لماwith what قَدalready رَكَّبوهthey constructed it مُوافِقاin accord
فلَيسَ لما قَد رَكَّبوه مُوافِقا
He errs in the construction of his speech,
For it does not accord with what they have constructed.
وَيَنسُبand he attributes إِبداءَthe disclosure of المَعانيmeanings لِنَفسِهِto himself
وَيَنسُب إِبداءَ المَعاني لِنَفسِهِ
لِيُوهِمَto mislead أَغماراًthe inexperienced وَإِنeven though كانَhe is سارِقاa thief
لِيُوهِمَ أَغماراً وَإِن كانَ سارِقا
And he credits himself with bringing meanings to light,
To mislead the inexperienced, though he is a thief.
وَيُخطئand he errs فيin فَهمِunderstanding القُرانِthe Qur'an لأَنَّهُbecause he
وَيُخطئ في فَهمِ القُرانِ لأَنَّهُ
يُجَوِّزُhe permits إِعراباa grammatical parsing أَبىrefuses أَنto يُطابِقاcorrespond
يُجَوِّزُ إِعرابا أَبى أَن يُطابِقا
He errs in understanding the Qur'an because he
Allows a grammatical parsing that will not fit.
وَكَمand how great بَينَthe distance between مَنone who يُؤتىis granted البيانeloquence سَليقَةًby nature
وَكَم بَينَ مَن يُؤتى البيان سَليقَةً
وَآخرَand another عاناهُhe labored at it فَماyet not هُوَhe لاحِقاcatching up
وَآخرَ عاناهُ فَما هُوَ لاحِقا
How great the gulf between one granted eloquence by nature
And another who labored at it, yet cannot catch up!
وَيَحتالand he contrives لِلأَلفاظِwith words حَتّىuntil يُديرَهاhe bends them
وَيَحتال لِلأَلفاظِ حَتّى يُديرَها
لِمذهبِto a doctrine of سوءٍevil فيهِin which أَصبَحَhe has become مارِقاa renegade
لِمذهبِ سوءٍ فيهِ أَصبَحَ مارِقا
And he contrives with words until he bends them
To an evil doctrine in which he has become a renegade.
فَياso alas for خُسرَهُhis ruin شَيخاًas a shaykh تَخرَّقَhas swept through صِيتُهُhis fame
فَيا خُسرَهُ شَيخاً تَخرَّقَ صِيتُهُ
مَغاربَwestern lands تَخريقthe sweeping passage of الصَباthe east wind وَمشارِقاand eastern lands
مَغاربَ تَخريق الصَبا وَمشارِقا
Alas for his ruin—a shaykh whose fame has swept
Through west and east, like the sweeping east wind!
لَئِنif indeed لَمnot تَدارَكهcome to his rescue مِنfrom اللَهِGod رَحمَةٌmercy
لَئِن لَم تَدارَكه مِن اللَهِ رَحمَةٌ
لَسَوفَsurely will يُرىhe be seen للكافِرينَto the unbelievers مَرافِقاa companion
لَسَوفَ يُرى للكافِرينَ مَرافِقا
If no mercy from God comes to his rescue,
He will surely be seen as a companion of the unbelievers.
Sol 6.1