إِذاwhen أَناI أَودِعتُam laid التُرابَin the earth فَلَنthen never تَرىwill you see
إِذا أَنا أَودِعتُ التُرابَ فَلَن تَرى
كَمثليَlike me نَحويّاa grammarian أَحدَّsharper وَأَحذَقاand more skilled
كَمثليَ نَحويّا أَحدَّ وَأَحذَقا
When I am laid in the earth, you will never see
A grammarian like me—keener and more skilled,
وَأَنقلَand better at transmitting أَحكاماًrules وَأَكثرَand richer شاهِداًin supporting examples
وَأَنقلَ أَحكاماً وَأَكثرَ شاهِداً
وَألزمَand more steadfast تَنقاداًin critical scrutiny وَأَحسنَand better مُنتَقىin selection
وَألزمَ تَنقاداً وَأَحسنَ مُنتَقى
A better transmitter of rules, richer in supporting examples,
More steadfast in scrutiny, more discerning in selection,
وَأَلخَصَand more concise لَفظاًin wording زالَdeparted عَنهُfrom it فضولُهُits excess
وَأَلخَصَ لَفظاً زالَ عَنهُ فضولُهُ
وَأَغوصَand deeper-diving مَعنىًinto meaning كانَhad أَعيىbaffled المُدَقِّقاthe meticulous examiner
وَأَغوصَ مَعنىً كانَ أَعيى المُدَقِّقا
More concise in wording, with its excess gone,
A deeper diver into meanings that had baffled the meticulous examiner,
وَأَنثَرand better at scattering للزُهرِof the radiant اللآليpearls بَلاغةًin eloquence
وَأَنثَر للزُهرِ اللآلي بَلاغةً
وَأَنظمَand better at stringing للزُهرِof the radiant الدَراريstars تَأنُّقاin artistry
وَأَنظمَ للزُهرِ الدَراري تَأنُّقا
More eloquent in scattering radiant pearls,
More artful in stringing brilliant stars.
مَضىpassed ليfor me فيin التَحصيلِacquiring knowledge سَبعونseventy حِجَّةًyears
مَضى لي في التَحصيلِ سَبعون حِجَّةً
نَهاراًby day وَلَيلاًand by night جامِعاًgathering ماwhat تَفَرَّقاwas scattered
نَهاراً وَلَيلاً جامِعاً ما تَفَرَّقا
Seventy years have passed for me in acquiring knowledge,
By day and by night, gathering what lay scattered.
فَأَخرَجتُso I brought forth بِالبَحرِthrough the Ocean المُحيطِthe Encompassing لآلئاًpearls
فَأَخرَجتُ بِالبَحرِ المُحيطِ لآلئاً
نظمتُI strung بِهِin it عِقداًa necklace بِهِwith it الدَهرُTime طُوِّقاwas encircled
نظمتُ بِهِ عِقداً بِهِ الدَهرُ طُوِّقا
Thus I brought forth pearls through al-Baḥr al-Muḥīṭ, the Encompassing Ocean,
I strung in it a necklace with which Time was encircled.
حَشدتُI amassed بِهِin it أَقوالَthe sayings of كُلevery مُفَسِّرٍcommentator
حَشدتُ بِهِ أَقوالَ كُل مُفَسِّرٍ
وَأَخرَجتُand I brought forth مِنfrom ذهنيmy mind لِنَقديfor my critical assay مَيلقاa crucible
وَأَخرَجتُ مِن ذهني لِنَقدي مَيلقا
I amassed in it the sayings of every commentator,
And drew from my mind a crucible for my critical assay.
سَبرتُI tested بِهِwith it ماwhat بَهرَجُواthey passed off as genuine وَانتقَدتُهُand I scrutinized it
سَبرتُ بِهِ ما بَهرَجُوا وَانتقَدتُهُ
وَألقيتُand I discarded ماwhat قَدindeed كانَhad been زيغاًdeviation منمَّقاembellished
وَألقيتُ ما قَد كانَ زيغاً منمَّقا
With it I tested what they had passed off as genuine, and scrutinized it,
And discarded whatever was embellished error.
وَأَخلَصتُهُand I purified it صَفواًto purity صَحائفَpages of حِكمَةٍwisdom
وَأَخلَصتُهُ صَفواً صَحائفَ حِكمَةٍ
بِهاin them أُنسُsolace مَنfor whoever قَدindeed كانَhad been للحقِّfor truth شَيِّقاyearning
بِها أُنسُ مَن قَد كانَ للحقِّ شَيِّقا
And refined it to purity—pages of wisdom,
In them is solace for whoever had yearned for truth.
وَأنقَand delighted ذاone possessing العقلِreason السَليمِsound رآؤُهُthe sight of it
وَأنقَ ذا العقلِ السَليمِ رآؤُهُ
وَلَولاand were it not for اِنتقادِهِits critical examination لَماit would not كانَhave been مُونِقاdelightful
وَلَولا اِنتقادِهِ لَما كانَ مُونِقا
The sight of it delighted the sound-minded,
Without its critical sifting, it would not have delighted.
وَلاand no فَخرَboasting بَلrather لِلَّهِto God حَمديَmy praise دائِماًalways
وَلا فَخرَ بَل لِلَّهِ حَمديَ دائِماً
وَشُكريand my thanks عَلىfor ماwhat كانَhad been ليfor me مِنهُfrom Him وَفَّقاgranted as success
وَشُكري عَلى ما كانَ لي مِنهُ وَفَّقا
No boasting: rather, my praise belongs always to God,
And my thanks for the success He granted me.
وَلَماand when ذَوىwithered علمُknowledge of الكِتابِal-Kitāb (the Book) بِعَصرِناin our age
وَلَما ذَوى علمُ الكِتابِ بِعَصرِنا
تَعهَّدتُهُI tended it حَتّىuntil لأَصبَحَit indeed became مُورِقاleafy
تَعهَّدتُهُ حَتّى لأَصبَحَ مُورِقا
And when knowledge of al-Kitāb, the Book, withered in our age,
I tended it until it put forth leaves.
وَقَدand already ماتَhad died أَشياخelder masters الأُلىthose who يَقرؤونَهُread it
وَقَد ماتَ أَشياخ الأُلى يَقرؤونَهُ
وَخُلِّفتُand I was left فَرداًalone كانَthere was ليfor me بَعدهمafter them بَقاsurvival
وَخُلِّفتُ فَرداً كانَ لي بَعدهم بَقا
And the elder masters who read it had died,
And I was left alone, surviving after them.
فَأَقرأتُهُso I taught it لِلناسِto people مُوضِحَclarifying مُشكِلٍa difficulty
فَأَقرأتُهُ لِلناسِ مُوضِحَ مُشكِلٍ
وَفاتحَand opening بابٍa door مِنهُin it قَدalready كانَhad been مُغلَقاclosed
وَفاتحَ بابٍ مِنهُ قَد كانَ مُغلَقا
So I taught it to people, clarifying what was difficult,
And opening a door in it that had been shut.
تَفرَّدتُI stood alone فيin الدُنياthe world بِإقرائِهِin teaching it فَمَنso whoever
تَفرَّدتُ في الدُنيا بِإقرائِهِ فَمَن
يَكُنshould be يَدَّعيclaiming فيهِin it فَليسَthen is not مُصَدِّقاcredible
يَكُن يَدَّعي فيهِ فَليسَ مُصَدِّقا
I stood alone in the world in teaching it; so whoever
Lays claim to it is not to be believed.
وَجَرَّدتُand I extracted أَحكامَthe rules of الكِتابِal-Kitāb (the Book) بِلَفظِهِin its wording
وَجَرَّدتُ أَحكامَ الكِتابِ بِلَفظِهِ
وَتَرتيبِهِand its arrangement فَالتاجso al-Tāj (the Crown) بَدراًa full moon قَدindeed أَشرَقاshone forth
وَتَرتيبِهِ فَالتاج بَدراً قَد أَشرَقا
And I extracted the rules of al-Kitāb in its own wording,
And its arrangement; al-Tāj, the Crown, shone forth as a full moon.
فَمنso whoever ينقلtransmits الأَحكامَthe rules مِنهُfrom it كَأَنَّماas though
فَمن ينقل الأَحكامَ مِنهُ كَأَنَّما
تُشافِهُهُaddress him face to face الأَعرابُthe Bedouins مَعنىًin meaning وَمَنطِقاand in speech
تُشافِهُهُ الأَعرابُ مَعنىً وَمَنطِقا
So whoever transmits its rules—it is as though
The Bedouins address him face to face, in meaning and speech.
سَقىmay water اللَهُGod قَبراًa grave سيبويهِSībawayh ثَوىlay buried بِهِin it
سَقى اللَهُ قَبراً سيبويهِ ثَوى بِهِ
مُلِثَّpersistent الغَواديmorning rainclouds ريقاًfresh rain ثُمَthen رَيِّقاfresh rain
مُلِثَّ الغَوادي ريقاً ثُمَ رَيِّقا
May God water a grave where Sībawayh lies,
With lingering morning rains, fresh shower after fresh shower.
وَبَوَّأهُand may He lodge him دارَthe abode of المَقامَةِlasting dwelling فيon غَدٍthe morrow
وَبَوَّأهُ دارَ المَقامَةِ في غَدٍ
بِماfor what كانَhe had أَسدىbestowed مِنof عُلومٍknowledge وَحَقَّقاand verified
بِما كانَ أَسدى مِن عُلومٍ وَحَقَّقا
And lodge him in the abode of lasting dwelling on the morrow,
For the knowledge he bestowed and verified.
وَتَعليقَةُand the Taʿlīqah (gloss) الصَفّارِal-Ṣaffār شَرحاًa commentary يجِلُّis great ماwhat
وَتَعليقَةُ الصَفّارِ شَرحاً يجِلُّ ما
لَهُfor it قَدindeed حَوىcontained لَخَّصتُI abridged تَلخيصَan abridgment ذيone possessing اِنتِقاdiscernment
لَهُ قَد حَوى لَخَّصتُ تَلخيصَ ذي اِنتِقا
And al-Ṣaffār's Taʿlīqah, a commentary—great is what
It contains—I abridged it with a discerning selector's care.
وَسميتهand I named it الأَسفارَal-Asfār (the Volumes) مَعwith طرَرٍmarginal notes حَوَتcontaining
وَسميته الأَسفارَ مَع طرَرٍ حَوَت
مسائلَquestions لَيسَتare not فيin سِواهُنَّothers besides them تلتَقىencountered
مسائلَ لَيسَت في سِواهُنَّ تلتَقى
And I named it al-Asfār, with marginal notes containing
Questions encountered nowhere else.
وَأَحييتُand I revived تَسهيلَTashīl (Facilitation) الفَوائدِal-Fawāʾid (the Benefits) إِذwhen غَداit became
وَأَحييتُ تَسهيلَ الفَوائدِ إِذ غَدا
مَواتاlifeless طَريحاcast aside بَينَamong كُتبِthe books of الوَرىhumankind لقاa castoff
مَواتا طَريحا بَينَ كُتبِ الوَرى لقا
And I revived Tashīl al-Fawāʾid when it had become
Lifeless, cast aside among people's books, a discarded thing.
وَأَوضَحتُand I clarified مِنهُin it مُشكِلاًsomething difficult وَاِنتَقَدتُهُand I critically examined it
وَأَوضَحتُ مِنهُ مُشكِلاً وَاِنتَقَدتُهُ
وَزِدتُand I added فَأَضحىso it became نيِّرbright الوَجهِof face مُشرِقاradiant
وَزِدتُ فَأَضحى نيِّر الوَجهِ مُشرِقا
And I clarified its difficulties and critically examined it,
And added to it, so it became bright-faced and radiant,
عَلىat حينِa time when لَمdid not يَجسرdare عَلىto بَحثهِexamine it امرُؤٌanyone
عَلى حينِ لَم يَجسر عَلى بَحثهِ امرُؤٌ
سِوايَother than me وَلَمand did not يَقربهُapproach it غَرباًin the West وَمَشرِقاand in the East
سِوايَ وَلَم يَقربهُ غَرباً وَمَشرِقا
At a time when no one dared to investigate it
Other than me, and none approached it in the West or East.
بِهِthrough it نُسِختwere superseded كُتبُthe books of النحاةِthe grammarians وَأُهمِلتand were neglected
بِهِ نُسِخت كُتبُ النحاةِ وَأُهمِلت
فَلَستَso you do not تَرىsee يَوماًever عَليهِنَّupon them رَونَقاluster
فَلَستَ تَرى يَوماً عَليهِنَّ رَونَقا
Through it the grammarians' books were superseded and neglected,
So you will never see any luster upon them.
لأَظلَمَindeed grew dark إيضاحٌĪḍāḥ (Clarification) وَأَقصواand they banished مُقَرِّباًMuqarrib (Bringer Near)
لأَظلَمَ إيضاحٌ وَأَقصوا مُقَرِّباً
كَذاlikewise جُمَلٌJumal (Sentences) مَعهُwith it المُفَصَّلُal-Mufaṣṣal (the Detailed) مُزِّقاwere both torn apart
كَذا جُمَلٌ مَعهُ المُفَصَّلُ مُزِّقا
Indeed, Īḍāḥ grew dark, and they banished Muqarrib,
Likewise Jumal and, with it, al-Mufaṣṣal were torn apart.
وَقانونُand Qānūn (Canon) عِيسىʿĪsā وَالفُصُولُand al-Fuṣūl (the Chapters) وَنَظمُهاand its versification
وَقانونُ عِيسى وَالفُصُولُ وَنَظمُها
وَنَظمُand the versification of ابنُson of مالٍMāl ماhow أَرَدَّpoor وَأَقلَقاand unsettling
وَنَظمُ ابنُ مالٍ ما أَرَدَّ وَأَقلَقا
And ʿĪsā's Qānūn, al-Fuṣūl, and its versification,
And Ibn Māl's versification—how poor and unsettling!
وَكافيّةُand Kāfiyah (the Sufficient) ابنِson of الحاجبِal-Ḥājib اِحتجبَتbecame veiled فَماso not
وَكافيّةُ ابنِ الحاجبِ اِحتجبَت فَما
تُرىis seen وَهيَand it is نَزرٌscant ماhow أَقلَّmeager وَأَغلَقاand obscure
تُرى وَهيَ نَزرٌ ما أَقلَّ وَأَغلَقا
And Ibn al-Ḥājib's Kāfiyah became veiled, no longer
Seen—a scant work, how meager and obscure!
وَأنشأتُand I composed للتسهيلِfor al-Tashīl (the Facilitation) شَرحاًa commentary وَالارتشاand al-Irtishā— (title fragment)
وَأنشأتُ للتسهيلِ شَرحاً وَالارتشا
فِ—f (completes al-Irtishāf) نَشأًa composition غَريبَunusual الوَضعِin arrangement بِالعَقلِto reason طُبِّقاwas fitted
فِ نَشأً غَريبَ الوَضعِ بِالعَقلِ طُبِّقا
And I composed a commentary on al-Tashīl, and al-Irtishā—
—f, a work of unusual design, fitted to reason.
وَنَخَّلتُand I sifted مِنfrom شَرحِthe commentary of ابنِson of مالِكٍMālik الَّذيwhich
وَنَخَّلتُ مِن شَرحِ ابنِ مالِكٍ الَّذي
وَقَفناwe encountered لَهُfor it شَرحاًa commentary لَطيفاfine مُلَفَّقاpieced together
وَقَفنا لَهُ شَرحاً لَطيفا مُلَفَّقا
And I sifted from Ibn Mālik's commentary, which
We had encountered, a fine, pieced-together commentary.
فَكَمَّلتُso I completed بِالتَكميلwith al-Takmīl (Completion) ماwhat كانَhad been ناقِصاًlacking
فَكَمَّلتُ بِالتَكميل ما كانَ ناقِصاً
فَغرَّبso traveled westward هَذاthis الشَرحُcommentary عَنّاfrom us وَشَرَّقاand traveled eastward
فَغرَّب هَذا الشَرحُ عَنّا وَشَرَّقا
So with al-Takmīl I completed what had been lacking,
So this commentary traveled westward from us and eastward.
وَتَذكِرَتيand my Tadhkirah (memorandum) كَمhow many قَدindeed حَوَتcontained مِنof فَضائِلٍexcellent things
وَتَذكِرَتي كَم قَد حَوَت مِن فَضائِلٍ
شَواهدَsupporting examples نَحوٍof grammar مَعwith مَسائلَquestions تُنتَقىare selected
شَواهدَ نَحوٍ مَع مَسائلَ تُنتَقى
And my Tadhkirah—how many excellent things it contains:
Examples supporting grammar, with carefully selected questions.
Sol 6.1