صرَّحتْrevealed عنabout طَويّةinward disposition الأصدقاءِthe friends
صرَّحتْ عن طَويّة الأصدقاءِ
واضحاتُclear disclosures التجريبtesting والابتلاءِand trial
واضحاتُ التجريب والابتلاءِ
The inward nature of friends has been revealed
My sincere friends revealed
by clear trials and tests.
The trials have made clear
وأبىand refused المخْضُthe churning أنْto يُكَشِّفَuncover إلاexcept
وأبى المخْضُ أنْ يُكَشِّفَ إلا
عنof صريحٍpure substance مهذَّبٍrefined أوor غُثَاءِscum
عن صريحٍ مهذَّبٍ أو غُثَاءِ
Churning refuses to disclose anything
And the examiner refused to expose
but pure, refined substance or scum.
Except for refined or muddy overflow
ليسthere is not للمُضْمَرِfor the concealed الدخيلhidden inward nature منof الصَّاthe companion (continued)
ليس للمُضْمَرِ الدخيل من الصَّا
حب(completes 'companion') غيرother than التَّكْشيفuncovering والاجتلاءِand bringing to light
حب غير التَّكْشيف والاجتلاءِ
For a companion's secret, hidden nature,
The stranger has no love in the race
there is only uncovering and bringing to light.
Except for revelation and stripping bare
وخَبيءُand the secret الفؤادof the heart يعلمهknows it العاthe wise person (continued)
وخَبيءُ الفؤاد يعلمه العا
قلُ(completes 'wise person') قبلَbefore السماعhearing بالإيماءِthrough a gesture
قلُ قبلَ السماع بالإيماءِ
The heart's concealed thoughts are known to the wise
And the heart's secret, the mind knows
through a gesture, before hearing them.
Before hearing, through mere gesture and nod
ولهذاand for this reason اكتفىdispensed البليغُthe eloquent person منwith الإسـprolixity (continued)
ولهذا اكتفى البليغُ من الإسـ
ـهاب(completes 'prolixity') فيماin what يريدhe intends بالإيحاءِwith suggestion
ـهاب فيما يريد بالإيحاءِ
Thus the eloquent dispense with prolixity
So the eloquent sufficed with a hint
and convey what they intend by suggestion.
Of what he wanted, through mere allusion
وظنونُand the surmises الذكيِّof the clever person أَنْفذmore penetrating فيinto الحقـthe truth (continued)
وظنونُ الذكيِّ أَنْفذ في الحقـ
ـقِ(completes 'truth') سهاماًas arrows منthan رؤيةthe sight الأغبياءِof fools
ـقِ سهاماً من رؤية الأغبياءِ
The clever man's surmises penetrate truth more keenly,
And the intellect's conjectures are sharper
as arrows, than the sight of fools.
Arrows than the sight of fools
وإذاand if كنتyou are لاnot تُؤَثِّلamassing إلاexcept
وإذا كنت لا تُؤَثِّل إلا
درهماًa dirham جائزاًacceptable علىto البُصراءِthe discerning experts
درهماً جائزاً على البُصراءِ
And if you store up nothing but
a dirham that passes muster with experts,
If you only exemplify a valid
وكذاand likewise لستَyou do not تعرفُknow الشيءthe thing إلاexcept
وكذا لستَ تعرفُ الشيء إلا
بعدafter فحصٍan examination منof أمرهits nature وابتلاءِand testing
بعد فحصٍ من أمره وابتلاءِ
and likewise know a thing only
Dirham to the keen observer
after examining and testing its nature,
And thus you only recognize something
وهماand those two يُمْتعانgive pleasure وقتاًfor a time منof الدهـtime (continued)
وهما يُمْتعان وقتاً من الدهـ
ـر(completes 'time') ويُفنيهماand destroys them both وشيكُthe swift المَضاءِpassage
ـر ويُفنيهما وشيكُ المَضاءِ
though those two give pleasure for a little while
After examining its matter and testing
and the swift passage of time destroys them,
Both take some time to enjoy
فالصديقthen the friend المأمونtrusted للزمنagainst time الفاcrushing (continued)
فالصديق المأمون للزمن الفا
دح(completes 'crushing') والمرتجىand hoped for لدىduring البُرَحاءِsevere distress
دح والمرتجى لدى البُرَحاءِ
then a friend trusted against crushing times,
And soon perishing erases them
and looked to in dire distress,
So a trusted, faithful friend for hardship
والذيand the one whom أنتyou وهْوand he فيin جوهرthe essence النفْـof the soul (continued)
والذي أنت وهْو في جوهر النفْـ
ـس(completes 'soul') جميعاًboth مِنfrom تربةearth وهواءِand air
ـس جميعاً مِن تربة وهواءِ
one with whom your very souls
And hoped for in calamity
are alike made of earth and air,
You and he in the soul's essence
وكماءٍand like water مزجتَهyou mixed it بمُدامٍwith wine
وكماءٍ مزجتَه بمُدامٍ
فاستقرّاso both settled تَجَنُّساًin homogeneity فيin وعاءِa vessel
فاستقرّا تَجَنُّساً في وعاءِ
like water you have mixed with wine,
Are both of the same soil and air
both settling as one kind in a vessel,
And water whose mixture
لمnot يكنthere was فيهماbetween them both منof الفضلdifference إلاexcept
لم يكن فيهما من الفضل إلا
فاصلاتُdistinctions الألقابof titles والأسماءِand names
فاصلاتُ الألقاب والأسماءِ
with no distinction between them
Settled congenially in a vessel
but the divisions of titles and names,
There was no superiority between them
ثمthen شيءٌsomething عرفْتَهُyou knew it بالتَّجَاريthrough trials (continued)
ثم شيءٌ عرفْتَهُ بالتَّجَاري
ب(completes 'trials') وأخلصتَهand purified it بكشفby uncovering الغطاءِthe veil
ب وأخلصتَه بكشف الغطاءِ
is, then, someone you have known through trials
Except the separators of titles and names
and purified by lifting the veil.
Something you got to know through friendship
إنماonly تُبْرزreveal الجوَاهِرُthe jewels ماwhat فيin
إنما تُبْرز الجوَاهِرُ ما في
هاthem إذاwhen ماindeed أَمَعْتهاyou melt them بالصِّلاءِwith heat
ها إذا ما أَمَعْتها بالصِّلاءِ
Jewels reveal what is within
And purified by removing the cover
them only when you melt them in the heat.
لاdo not يَغُرَّنَّكَlet him deceive you المُماذِقُthe false-hearted friend بالظاby appearances (continued)
لا يَغُرَّنَّكَ المُماذِقُ بالظا
هر(completes 'appearances') فيin حالthe condition مدةof the duration الالتقاءِof meeting
هر في حال مدة الالتقاءِ
Do not let the false-hearted friend deceive you by appearances
Gems only show what is inside
during the time you spend together:
When rubbed against the whetstone
منof كلامspeech يُوشَىembroidered بمدحwith praise جميلٍbeautiful
من كلام يُوشَى بمدح جميلٍ
وحديثٍand conversation كالقهوةlike wine الصَّهباءِtawny
وحديثٍ كالقهوة الصَّهباءِ
with speech embroidered with lovely praise
Be not fooled by the taster
and conversation like tawny wine,
In the state of temporary meeting
ويمينٍand an oath كَعَطِّكَlike your tearing البُرْدَthe cloak لاdo not تنْـexamine (continued)
ويمينٍ كَعَطِّكَ البُرْدَ لا تنْـ
ـظر(completes 'examine') فيinto سُقمهاits infirmity وفيand into الإبراءِthe cure
ـظر في سُقمها وفي الإبراءِ
and an oath like your tearing a cloak—do not
Of speech adorned with beautiful praise
examine its infirmity or its cure.
And talk like white coffee
عبْدُa servant عَيْنof the watching eye فإنbut if تغَيَّبْتَyou are absent عنهfrom him
عبْدُ عَيْن فإن تغَيَّبْتَ عنه
أَكَلhe ate اللحمthe flesh وارتعىand grazed فيin الدماءِthe blood
أَكَل اللحم وارتعى في الدماءِ
A servant only while watched: if you are absent from him,
And an oath to lend you warmth, do not look
he eats your flesh and feeds on your blood.
At their frailty or recovery
وإذاand if ماindeed أردتهyou wanted him لقتيلٍfor a slain man
وإذا ما أردته لقتيلٍ
لحقjoined الوُدُّthe affection منهfrom him بالعَنْقاءِthe ʿAnqa bird
لحق الوُدُّ منه بالعَنْقاءِ
And if you call on him over a slain man,
A slave of the eye, if you are absent from him
his affection joins the ʿAnqa.
He eats the meat and drinks the blood
ولقدand indeed قالsaid سَيِّدٌa master منamong أُوليthose possessing الفضـexcellence (continued)
ولقد قال سَيِّدٌ من أُولي الفضـ
ـل(completes 'excellence') ومنand from سِرِّthe innermost elect صفوةof the choicest الأصفياءِpure ones
ـل ومن سِرِّ صفوة الأصفياءِ
A master among men of excellence once said,
And if you want him to kill
one of the innermost elect of the pure:
He directs friendship to the gallows
ليسnot أهلُthe people العراقof Iraq ليfor me بصحابٍas companions
ليس أهلُ العراق لي بصحابٍ
إنْif هُمُthey جانبواabandon طريقَthe path الوفاءِof fidelity
إنْ هُمُ جانبوا طريقَ الوفاءِ
“The people of Iraq are no companions of mine
A master of merit said, of the elite
if they abandon the path of fidelity.
Of the sincere chosen ones:
إنماonly صاحبيmy companion المُشاركthe one sharing فيin القُلـwant (continued)
إنما صاحبي المُشارك في القُلـ
ـل(completes 'want') وذوand possessing البذلgenerosity والندىand openhandedness والحياءِand modesty
ـل وذو البذل والندى والحياءِ
My companion is only one who shares in want,
The people of Iraq are no friends to me
who is generous, openhanded, and modest.
If they deviate from the path of loyalty
لاnot يلَهِّيهِdistracts him عنهfrom him خفضٌease ولاand not ينforgets (continued)
لا يلَهِّيهِ عنه خفضٌ ولا ين
ساهhim (completes 'forgets him') عندduring المُرْبَدَّةِthe dark adversity الشَّوْهَاءِhideous
ساه عند المُرْبَدَّةِ الشَّوْهَاءِ
Ease does not distract him from his friend, nor does he
My friend is he who shares feelings
forget him amid dark and hideous adversity.
Generosity, dew, shyness
مَالُهُhis wealth كَنْزُهُhis treasure إذاwhen خَفَتَfell silent الغيthe rain (continued)
مَالُهُ كَنْزُهُ إذا خَفَتَ الغي
ثُ(completes 'rain') وضاقتand grew straitened خلائقthe dispositions السُّمَحاءِof the generous
ثُ وضاقت خلائق السُّمَحاءِ
His wealth is his friend's treasure when the rain
Not distracted from him by meanness
falls silent and the generous grow straitened in spirit,
Or forgetting the lofty if degraded
وانتفىand disowned الشيخthe old man منfrom بنيهhis sons ولمand did not تعـshow tenderness (continued)
وانتفى الشيخ من بنيه ولم تعـ
ـطف(completes 'show tenderness') علىtoward بَكْرِهَاher firstborn أعفُّthe chastest النساءِof women
ـطف على بَكْرِهَا أعفُّ النساءِ
when the old man disowns his sons, and even
His wealth is his treasure if calamity descends
the chastest woman has no tenderness for her firstborn.”
And the tolerant's nature narrows
حكمةٌwisdom ماindeed ورثتُهاI inherited it عنfrom حكيمٍa sage
حكمةٌ ما ورثتُها عن حكيمٍ
فيلسوفٍa philosopher منfrom عِتْرةthe lineage الأنبياءِof the prophets
فيلسوفٍ من عِتْرة الأنبياءِ
Such wisdom I inherited from a sage,
The old man is estranged from his children
a philosopher of the prophets' lineage.
The gentlest of women do not pity his first-born
ليسthere is not شيءanything يُفيدُهhe acquires it المرءa person فيin الدهـtime (continued)
ليس شيء يُفيدُه المرء في الدهـ
ـر(completes 'time') علىat حينthe time فقرهof his poverty والثراءِand wealth
ـر على حين فقره والثراءِ
Nothing a man acquires in this world,
A wisdom I inherited from a wise
whether in poverty or wealth,
Philosophic sage of the prophets
هوit خيرٌbetter منthan صاحبٍa companion ورفيقٍand a comrade
هو خيرٌ من صاحبٍ ورفيقٍ
مُسْعِدٍhelpful فيin الجَليَّةِthe calamity البَهْماءِbewildering
مُسْعِدٍ في الجَليَّةِ البَهْماءِ
is better than a companion and comrade
Of no use to a man in life
who lends help in dark, bewildering trouble.
In his poverty or wealth
ليسthere is not بينbetween الصديقthe friend والنفسand oneself فرقٌa difference
ليس بين الصديق والنفس فرقٌ
عندupon تحصيلprecisely reckoning قسمةthe distinctions الأشياءِof things
عند تحصيل قسمة الأشياءِ
There is no difference between a friend and oneself
Better than a friend and enjoyable comrade
when distinctions among things are carefully reckoned.
Fortunate in dire gloom
يَاO سَمِيَّnamesake الوصيِّof the Legatee ياO شِقَّhalf نفسيof my soul
يَا سَمِيَّ الوصيِّ يا شِقَّ نفسي
وأخيand my brother فيin الملمَّةthe calamity النَّكراءِterrible
وأخي في الملمَّة النَّكراءِ
O namesake of the Legatee, O half of my soul,
There is no difference between friend and soul
and my brother in terrible calamity,
In obtaining a share of things
ياO أخاًbrother حَلَّwho occupied فيin المكارمthe noble virtues والسؤْand nobility (continued)
يا أخاً حَلَّ في المكارم والسؤْ
دَدِ(completes 'nobility') أعلىthe highest مَحَلِّposition أهلof the people السَّناءِof splendor
دَدِ أعلى مَحَلِّ أهل السَّناءِ
O brother who holds, in virtue and nobility,
O namesake of the advisor, O my soul's half
the highest place among men of splendor.
And brother in gloomy adversity
لمdid not يُقَصِّرْdiminish بهhim اعتيادٌhabit ولمand did not يقـhold back (continued)
لم يُقَصِّرْ به اعتيادٌ ولم يقـ
ـعد(completes 'hold back') بِهhim مولدٌbirth عنfrom استعلاءِrising high
ـعد بِه مولدٌ عن استعلاءِ
Habit has not diminished him, nor has
O brother who excels in glories and gifts
his birth kept him from rising high.
Highest status of the eminent
وَلَهُand he has بَعْدُbesides مِنْamong مآثرهhis achievements الزُّهْshining (continued)
وَلَهُ بَعْدُ مِنْ مآثره الزُّهْ
رِ(completes 'shining') خِلالٌqualities تُرْبيexceed علىthe pebbles in number الحصباءِthe pebbles
رِ خِلالٌ تُرْبي على الحصباءِ
Besides, among his shining achievements
Not reduced by habit, not hindered by birth
are qualities more numerous than pebbles.
From rising above
عَجَمَtested الدَّهْرُtime خلْفَتَيْنtwo alternating states وسوَّىand made equal
عَجَمَ الدَّهْرُ خلْفَتَيْن وسوَّى
بينbetween حالَيْthe two states رخائهof his prosperity والبلاءِand affliction
بين حالَيْ رخائه والبلاءِ
Time has tested him in two alternating states, and made
And he still has of his blossoms
his prosperity and affliction alike:
Virtues that grow on arid land
كرمُnobility الخِيْمof character والنِّجَارِand stock وتيكُمْand that
كرمُ الخِيْم والنِّجَارِ وتيكُمْ
شيمَةٌa trait شارفٌlong-established منamong النبلاءِthe noble
شيمَةٌ شارفٌ من النبلاءِ
nobility of character and stock—and that
Time has parted me in it
is an old-established trait of the noble.
With two arrows of separation and estrangement
وبيانٌand eloquence كأنهas though it خرَزُthe beads الناof the stringer (continued)
وبيانٌ كأنه خرَزُ النا
ظم(completes 'stringer') فيupon جيدthe neck طَفْلةٍof a tender girl غيداءِgraceful
ظم في جيد طَفْلةٍ غيداءِ
And eloquence, like the stringer's beads
I see him only at the house's edge
upon the neck of a tender, graceful girl.
Or after a duration of misery
وطباعٌand a nature أرقُّfiner منthan ظُبَةِthe edge السيof the sword (continued)
وطباعٌ أرقُّ من ظُبَةِ السي
ف(completes 'sword') وأمضىand more piercing منthan رِيقةthe spittle الرقشاءِof the speckled serpent
ف وأمضى من رِيقة الرقشاءِ
And a nature finer than a sword's edge
When I see him, it is as if I am
and more piercing than a speckled serpent's spittle.
Between a delightful garden's blooms
تتراءىappear لهto him العيونthe eyes فتلقاand find (continued)
تتراءى له العيون فتلقا
هhim نِقاباًa discerning expert بدائهاin their ailments والدواءِand the cure
ه نِقاباً بدائها والدواءِ
Eyes appear before him, and they find
The darkness's evening appears to my sight
him a discerning judge of their ailments and cure.
With painful expressions and piercing cries
فيصلٌan arbiter للأمورof affairs يأتيreaches المعاليlofty heights
فيصلٌ للأمور يأتي المعالي
بارتقاءby ascending فيهاtoward them وحُسْنand good اهتداءِguidance
بارتقاء فيها وحُسْن اهتداءِ
An arbiter of affairs, he reaches lofty heights
Conversations, if you call the unhearing with them
by climbing toward them and finding the right way.
They would answer, so excellent is that call
وغريمٌand a creditor أمضىmore inexorable منthan الأجلdeath الحتْـinevitable (continued)
وغريمٌ أمضى من الأجل الحتْـ
ـم(completes 'inevitable') عصيمٌfortified بأُربَةٍby sagacity بَزْلاءِseasoned
ـم عصيمٌ بأُربَةٍ بَزْلاءِ
And a creditor more inexorable than certain death,
You are good company, so submit
fortified by sound, seasoned judgment.
To the hardship of fate and live safe from harm
وهوand he إلفُthe intimate الحجاof reason وتِرْبُand the peer المساعيof endeavors
وهو إلفُ الحجا وتِرْبُ المساعي
وعَقيدُand the sworn companion الندىof generosity وحِلفand the ally البهاءِof splendor
وعَقيدُ الندى وحِلف البهاءِ
He is reason's intimate and endeavor's peer,
We will not chide you complaining, seeking
generosity's sworn companion and splendor's ally.
Apology with forgiving the educated
وهوand he بعلٌa husband للمكرماتto noble deeds فماand not ينـceases (continued)
وهو بعلٌ للمكرمات فما ينـ
ـفكُّ(completes 'ceases') بينamong العَوَانthe matrons والعذارءِand the maidens
ـفكُّ بين العَوَان والعذارءِ
He is a husband to noble deeds, and never
With speech, if fate had hearing
ceases to dwell among their matrons and maidens.
It would incline to listen for its beauty
حافظٌprotective للصديقof the friend إنif زَلَّتslipped النعْـthe sandal (continued)
حافظٌ للصديق إن زَلَّت النعْـ
ـلُ(completes 'sandal') بهbeneath him أوor هوىhe fell عنfrom العَلياءِhigh estate
ـلُ به أو هوى عن العَلياءِ
He guards his friend if the sandal slips
And if a single letter were cast
beneath him, or he falls from high estate;
Into the oceans from it, the water's taste would change
وجوادٌand generous عليهtoward him بالمالwith wealth والنفـand the soul (continued)
وجوادٌ عليه بالمال والنفـ
ـس(completes 'soul') وبذلِand giving العَقيلةthe precious possession الوَفْراءِabundant
ـس وبذلِ العَقيلة الوَفْراءِ
and lavishes on him wealth and his own soul,
It is sharper than swords, when brandished
giving him his precious, abundant treasure.
More truthful than the firm decrees of destiny
لاnot يُؤاتيyields علىunder اقْتسَارٍcompulsion وَلاand not ينـrises (continued)
لا يُؤاتي على اقْتسَارٍ وَلا ينـ
ـهَضُ(completes 'rises') إلاexcept بالعزةwith dignity القعساءِunyielding
ـهَضُ إلا بالعزة القعساءِ
He will not yield to compulsion, and does not
It heals the breast of resentful malice
rise except in unbending dignity.
And calms the inflammation of a blue wound
غيرexcept أنَّthat الزمانtime أقْصدَنِيstruck me فيـregarding (continued)
غير أنَّ الزمان أقْصدَنِي فيـ
ـهhim بسهمَيْwith two arrows تفرُّقٍof separation وانْتئَاءِand distance
ـه بسهمَيْ تفرُّقٍ وانْتئَاءِ
Yet time has struck me, in regard to him,
Its reciters wear it as a gown
with the two arrows of separation and distance.
Of beauty that is more honorable than any gown
لاnot أراهI see him إلاexcept علىwith شَحَطِthe remoteness الداof the dwelling (continued)
لا أراه إلا على شَحَطِ الدا
ر(completes 'dwelling') وإماor else عنafter مدةan interval شَقَّاءِgrievous
ر وإما عن مدة شَقَّاءِ
I see him only with his dwelling far away,
The narrators do not find fault with it
or after a grievously long interval.
Nor is what they hear of it open to exception
فإذاbut when ماindeed رأيْتُهُI saw him فكأنيit was as though I
فإذا ما رأيْتُهُ فكأني
بينamong أثناءthe folds روضةٍof a meadow مَرْجاءِluxuriant
بين أثناء روضةٍ مَرْجاءِ
But when I see him, it is as though I am
It is not coarse raving or maundering
among the folds of a luxuriant meadow.
Nonsense of disordered clouding
يتجلَّىclears away عنfrom نَاظِرَيَّmy two eyes عَشَاthe dimness الجَهْـof ignorance (continued)
يتجلَّى عن نَاظِرَيَّ عَشَا الجَهْـ
ـل(completes 'ignorance') بألفاظهthrough his words العذَابِsweet الطِّرَاءِfresh
ـل بألفاظه العذَابِ الطِّرَاءِ
The dimness of ignorance clears from my eyes
Rather, it is cool, pure water
through his sweet, fresh words,
When agreeing with one fasting at nightfall
وأحاديثَand conversations لوif دَعَوْتَyou called بهاwith them الأعْthe white-footed mountain goat (continued)
وأحاديثَ لو دَعَوْتَ بها الأعْ
صَمَ(completes 'white-footed mountain goat') لَبَّىit would answer منbecause of حسنthe beauty ذاكof that الدعاءِcall
صَمَ لَبَّى من حسن ذاك الدعاءِ
and talk which, if you called a white-footed mountain goat with it,
The ground shifts yet it is freshly even
it would answer, for the beauty of that call.
Celestial, of the essence of Gemini
طِبْتَyou are good خِلّاًas a friend فاسلمْso remain safe علىdespite نَكدthe hardship الدهof time (continued)
طِبْتَ خِلّاً فاسلمْ على نَكد الده
ر(completes 'time') وعشand live آمناًsecure منfrom الأَسْواءِevils
ر وعش آمناً من الأَسْواءِ
You are a good friend: remain safe despite time's hardships,
Reproach of a gentle friendship, more subtle
and live secure from every evil.
Than the speech of prophets, though of dusty origin
لاmay we not رُزئْنَاكَbe bereaved of you عَاتباًas a reprover طلبwho sought العُتـreconciliation (continued)
لا رُزئْنَاكَ عَاتباً طلب العُتـ
ـبَى(completes 'reconciliation') بِإعْفَاby pardoning مَعَاتِبthe reproaches الأُدَبَاءِof men of letters
ـبَى بِإعْفَا مَعَاتِب الأُدَبَاءِ
May we never lose you, a reprover seeking reconciliation
If any fault comes from your brother
by forgiving the reproaches of men of letters,
Flowing against the creed of the faithful
بكلامwith words لوif أنindeed للدهرtime had سمعاًhearing
بكلام لو أن للدهر سمعاً
مالَit would incline منbecause of حسنهtheir beauty إلىtoward الإصغاءِlistening
مالَ من حسنه إلى الإصغاءِ
with words that, if time had ears,
Reproach is majestic unlike the lapse
would incline it to listen for their beauty.
Of scholars, it cannot be matched
ولوَand if اَنّindeed البحارَthe seas يُقذَفُwere cast فيهاinto them
ولوَ اَنّ البحارَ يُقذَفُ فيها
منهof it حرفٌone letter ماnot أَجَّbecame briny طعمthe taste الماءِof water
منه حرفٌ ما أَجَّ طعم الماءِ
Were there cast into the seas
Truly I say, may God give you long life
one letter of them, the water would not taste briny.
In ascendance and loftiness
وهْوand it أمضىkeener منthan السيوفthe swords إذاwhen هُزbrandished (continued)
وهْو أمضى من السيوف إذا هُز
زَتْ(completes 'brandished') وأَوحَىand swifter منthan مُبْرَمَاتِthe irrevocable decrees القَضاءِof fate
زَتْ وأَوحَى من مُبْرَمَاتِ القَضاءِ
They are keener than swords when brandished,
The saying is yours, not ours, and submission is ours
and swifter than irrevocable decrees of fate.
To the way of the wise
وهْوand it يَشفيheals الصدورthe hearts منof جنَفthe perversity الحقof rancor (continued)
وهْو يَشفي الصدور من جنَف الحق
د(completes 'rancor') ويُغْضيand makes lower منof مقلةan eye زرقاءِblue
د ويُغْضي من مقلة زرقاءِ
They heal hearts of the perversity of rancor
Goodness is better than picking out faults
and make a blue eye lower its gaze.
Forgiving in taking and giving
يكْتَسِيclothe themselves مُنشدوهits reciters منهfrom it رداءًin a mantle
يكْتَسِي مُنشدوه منه رداءً
ذاpossessing جمالbeauty أكرِمْhow noble بهit is منas رداءِa mantle
ذا جمال أكرِمْ به من رداءِ
Their reciters clothe themselves in a mantle
Overlooking a slip, if it hurts
of beauty—what a noble mantle!
Dismissing interpretation and denial
لاnot تَعَايَىare baffled بهby it الرواةُthe reciters ولمand did not يُسْـsurrender (continued)
لا تَعَايَى به الرواةُ ولم يُسْـ
ـلِمْهُit (completes 'surrender it') مَسْمُوعُهits heard form إلىto استثناءِa reservation
ـلِمْهُ مَسْمُوعُه إلى استثناءِ
Reciters are never baffled by them, nor does
Not every lapse can bear apology
their heard form leave grounds for a reservation.
Its lack causing the brotherhood to falter
ليسnot بالمُعْمِلlabored الهَجينmongrel ولاnor الوَحْـoutlandish (continued)
ليس بالمُعْمِل الهَجين ولا الوَحْـ
ـشِيِّ(completes 'outlandish') ذيpossessing العُنْجُهيَّةِarrogance العَثْوَاءِcoarse
ـشِيِّ ذي العُنْجُهيَّةِ العَثْوَاءِ
They are not labored, mongrel speech, nor outlandish,
I have not seen contention cause aught
with coarse, tangled arrogance.
But separation, however long the contention
بلrather هوit الباردُcool الزُّلالُlimpid إذاwhen واmeets (continued)
بل هو الباردُ الزُّلالُ إذا وا
فق(completes 'meets') منfrom صائمa fasting person حلولthe arrival عَشاءِof evening
فق من صائم حلول عَشاءِ
Rather, they are cool, limpid water when it meets
A bride prepared for divorce
a fasting man as evening falls.
Reproached at a happy occasion
تَخْلُقُwears out الأرضُthe earth وهوwhile it غضٌّfresh جديدٌnew
تَخْلُقُ الأرضُ وهو غضٌّ جديدٌ
فَلكيٌّcelestial منof عنصرthe substance الجوزاءِof al-Jawza
فَلكيٌّ من عنصر الجوزاءِ
The earth wears out, while they remain fresh and new,
Prolonged reproach breeds hatred
celestial, of the substance of al-Jawza.
In the heart of one hating hatred
عَتْبُreproach إلْفٍof a dear friend أرقُّgentler منthan كَلِمa wound الأمsuperficial (continued)
عَتْبُ إلْفٍ أرقُّ من كَلِم الأم
مِ(completes 'superficial') وإنalthough كانit was منfrom ذرىthe peaks خَلْقاءِof a smooth bare height
مِ وإن كان من ذرى خَلْقاءِ
A dear friend's reproach, gentler than a shallow wound,
I say this not because I reproach
though it comes from the peaks of a smooth, bare height.
But trees of reproach bear separation's fruits
إنif يَكُنْthere is عَنَّissued مِنْfrom أخيكyour brother فَعَالٌan act
إن يَكُنْ عَنَّ مِنْ أخيك فَعَالٌ
جارَhe strayed فيهin it عنfrom مذهبthe way الأوفياءِof the faithful
جارَ فيه عن مذهب الأوفياءِ
If an act has issued from your brother
Not all brothers fulfill what satisfies you
in which he strayed from the way of the faithful,
Of each charming quality
جَلَّwas too great فيfor مثلهone like him العتابُreproach وعَالَىand too lofty
جَلَّ في مثله العتابُ وعَالَى
أنto يُوَازَىbe compared بزَلَّةِwith the slip العلماءِof the learned
أن يُوَازَى بزَلَّةِ العلماءِ
reproach, for one like him, is too great and high
In them is what is in men of faults,
to be weighed against the slip of the learned.
Some you praise one day, some equal
فَبِحقٍّso rightly أقولI say عَمَّرَكَmay grant you long life اللَّـGod (continued)
فَبِحقٍّ أقول عَمَّرَكَ اللَّـ
ـه(completes 'God') طويلاًlong فيin رِفْعَةٍeminence وعلاءِand exaltation
ـه طويلاً في رِفْعَةٍ وعلاءِ
Rightly I say: may God grant you
What fault do you see like red gold
long life in eminence and exaltation.
Or a radiant tail?
ولَكَand yours القولُthe word لاnot لناours ولكand yours التَّسْـthe assent (continued)
ولَكَ القولُ لا لنا ولك التَّسْـ
ـليمُ(completes 'assent') منَّاfrom us لمذهبto the way الحكماءِof the wise
ـليمُ منَّا لمذهب الحكماءِ
Yours is the word, not ours; to you belongs
Where is one who safeguards the friend, unseen,
our assent to the way of the wise.
From the evil company of enemies?
إنindeed خيراًbetter منthan التَّقَصِّيexacting scrutiny علىof الخِلـthe friend (continued)
إن خيراً من التَّقَصِّي على الخِلـ
ـلِ(completes 'friend') سَماحٌgenerosity فيin الأخذtaking والإعطاءِand giving
ـلِ سَماحٌ في الأخذ والإعطاءِ
Better than scrutinizing a friend
When this is missed, the days will not show him
is generosity in taking and giving,
So delight afterward in crying
واغتِفارٌand forgiveness لهفوةٍfor a lapse إنْif ألمَّتit occurs
واغتِفارٌ لهفوةٍ إنْ ألمَّت
واطِّرَاحُand abandoning التفسيرexplanations والانتفاءِand denials
واطِّرَاحُ التفسير والانتفاءِ
and forgiving a lapse if it occurs,
An example I have set for you, so listen
and abandoning explanations and denials.
And examine - may you be rewarded well
ليسnot فيin كلevery زلَّةٍlapse يسعhas room العذْthe excuse (continued)
ليس في كل زلَّةٍ يسع العذْ
رُ(completes 'excuse') وفيand in ضِيقهِits narrowness انتكَاسُthe overturning الإخاءِof brotherhood
رُ وفي ضِيقهِ انتكَاسُ الإخاءِ
Not every lapse leaves room for an excuse,
Everything is known by sense or hearing
and when that room narrows, brotherhood is overturned.
Or clear proofs
ماnot رأيتُI have seen المِراءcontention يوجِبُproduce إلاexcept
ما رأيتُ المِراء يوجِبُ إلا
فُرقةًseparation ماso long as اعتمدتَyou persist in طولlengthy المراءِcontention
فُرقةً ما اعتمدتَ طول المراءِ
I have seen contention produce nothing but
So it has a place, and in it a chef
separation, so long as you persist in contention.
Of eloquence, with end and expiration
وعَرُوسٍand many a bride قدalready جُهِّزتْwas sent away بطلاقٍwith divorce
وعَرُوسٍ قد جُهِّزتْ بطلاقٍ
عاتبتْshe reproached فيover وَليدَةٍa slave-girl شَنْآءِugly
عاتبتْ في وَليدَةٍ شَنْآءِ
Many a bride has been sent away divorced,
And each of intimates has a state
having reproached her husband over an ugly slave-girl.
In which he equals the peers
إنindeed طولthe length العتابof reproach يَزْدرِعُsows البغـhatred (continued)
إن طول العتاب يَزْدرِعُ البغـ
ـضاءَ(completes 'hatred') فيin قلبthe heart كَارهof one hating البَغْضاءِhatred
ـضاءَ في قلب كَاره البَغْضاءِ
Lengthy reproach plants hatred
What thing greater in esteem than the sword
in the heart of one who hates hatred.
On the day of terrible calamity?
لمnot أقلI said ذاthis لأَنْbecause عَتبْتُI took offense ولكنbut
لم أقل ذا لأَنْ عَتبْتُ ولكن
شجرُthe tree العَتْبِof reproach مُثْمرٌbears fruit للجفاءِof estrangement
شجرُ العَتْبِ مُثْمرٌ للجفاءِ
I do not say this because I have taken offense, but
Tell me, does the sword benefit in disaster
the tree of reproach bears estrangement.
Save for the strongest blow?
ليسnot كلُّevery الإخوانbrother يجمعcombines ماwhat يُرْpleases (continued)
ليس كلُّ الإخوان يجمع ما يُرْ
ضيكَyou (completes 'pleases you') منof كلevery خلَّةٍquality حسناءِlovely
ضيكَ من كل خلَّةٍ حسناءِ
Not every brother combines what pleases you
And deadly epidemic, which is the death rattle
of every lovely quality.
On the day of earthquake and tribulation
فيهin him ماwhat فيin الرجالmen منof خَلَّةٍa trait تُحْـpraised (continued)
فيه ما في الرجال من خَلَّةٍ تُحْـ
ـمدُ(completes 'praised') يوماًone day وخَلَّةٍand a trait سَوآءِbad
ـمدُ يوماً وخَلَّةٍ سَوآءِ
He has what men have: a trait that is praised
Do you see it demanded in the battle's folly
one day, and another that is bad.
Save for the stabbing, piercing blow?
أيُّwhich خلٍّfriend تراهyou see him كالذهبlike gold الأحred (continued)
أيُّ خلٍّ تراه كالذهب الأح
مر(completes 'red') أوor كالوذِيلةlike a silver ingot الزهراءِgleaming
مر أو كالوذِيلة الزهراءِ
What friend do you find like red gold,
So too the friend suits the hour
or like a gleaming ingot of silver?
Not the morning or evening
أينwhere منone who يحفظprotects الصديقَthe friend بظَهْرِin his absence الـabsence (continued)
أين من يحفظ الصديقَ بظَهْرِ الـ
ـغيب(completes 'absence') منagainst سوءthe evil قِرفةslander الأعداءِof enemies
ـغيب من سوء قِرفة الأعداءِ
Where is one who guards his absent friend
So hold to him and do not leave him
against the evil slander of enemies?
Lest you see him become contentious
فاتis gone هذاthis one فلنand you will not تراهsee him يدthroughout الدَهtime (continued)
فات هذا فلن تراه يد الدَه
ر(completes 'time') فَأنْعِمْso be abundant فيin إثْرهhis wake بالبكاءِwith weeping
ر فَأنْعِمْ في إثْره بالبكاءِ
Such a man is gone; you will not see him through all time,
And both procure for the state, not fancy
so weep abundantly in his wake.
Between heart and entrails
مثلاًan example ماindeed ضَرْبتُهI offered it لكto you فاسمعso listen
مثلاً ما ضَرْبتُه لك فاسمع
وتَثَبَّتْand consider carefully جُزيتَmay you be rewarded خيرَwith the best الجزاءِreward
وتَثَبَّتْ جُزيتَ خيرَ الجزاءِ
I have offered you an example, so listen
Small matters are a burden to the eminent
and consider carefully—may you receive the finest reward.
From them and from pride and conceit
كلُّevery شيءthing بالحسthrough the senses يُعرفis known أوor بالـthrough (continued)
كلُّ شيء بالحس يُعرف أو بالـ
ـسَمعhearing أوor بالأدلَّةthrough proofs الفُصحاءِclear
ـسَمع أو بالأدلَّة الفُصحاءِ
Everything known through the senses,
The kings of mankind, God has made bare
through hearing, or through clear proofs,
Their kingship, in need of the vile
فلهthen it has موضعٌa place وفيهand within it طَباخٌuseful strength
فله موضعٌ وفيه طَباخٌ
لبلاغٍfor an end ذيhaving مدةa duration وانقضاءِand a conclusion
لبلاغٍ ذي مدة وانقضاءِ
has its place and an inherent usefulness
Had God left kings without followers and soldiers
for an end with a fixed duration and conclusion.
Flaws would appear and thrones crumble
ولكلand for every منone of الأخلاءthe close friends حالٌa circumstance
ولكل من الأخلاء حالٌ
هوَhe فيهاin it كفءٌcapable منamong الأكفاءِthe capable
هوَ فيها كفءٌ من الأكفاءِ
Every close friend has a circumstance
And equal the lowly, debauched ones
in which he is capable, among the capable.
Since between the best of God's creations
أيwhat شيءthing أجلُّgreater قدراًin value منthan السيـthe sword (continued)
أي شيء أجلُّ قدراً من السيـ
ـفِ(completes 'sword') ليومfor the day الكريهةof battle العزَّاءarduous
ـفِ ليوم الكريهة العزَّاء
What is greater in value than a sword
There is difference, and between fools
for the day of grim and arduous battle?
A coat of mail does not withstand them
فأبِنْso explain ليto me هلwhether يصلحis useful السيفُthe sword فيin العزthe severe ordeal (continued)
فأبِنْ لي هل يصلح السيفُ في العز
زَاءِ(completes 'severe ordeal') إلاexcept للضربةِfor the blow الرَّعلاءِslashing
زَاءِ إلا للضربةِ الرَّعلاءِ
Tell me: is a sword useful in that ordeal
Except the links of the artful
except for a slashing blow?
Thus humans are subdued for him
والوَشيجُand the spear-shaft الخَطِّيُّKhatti وهوand it رِشاءُthe rope الـof death (continued)
والوَشيجُ الخَطِّيُّ وهو رِشاءُ الـ
ـموتِ(completes 'death') يومَon the day الزلزالof upheaval والبأساءِand distress
ـموتِ يومَ الزلزال والبأساءِ
And the Khatti spear-shaft—the rope of death—
Between earth and sky
on the day of upheaval and distress:
And by blessings, thanks are sought
هلdo تراهyou see it يُرادwanted فيin حومةthe thick المأof battle (continued)
هل تراه يُراد في حومة المأ
قِطِ(completes 'battle') إلاexcept للطعنةfor the thrust النجلاءِgaping
قِطِ إلا للطعنة النجلاءِ
do you think it wanted in the thick of battle
Equal to the Giver of blessings
except for a wide, gaping thrust?
Then he did not spare them imperfection, need
فكذاكso likewise الصديقُthe friend يصلحis useful للساfor the hour (continued)
فكذاك الصديقُ يصلح للسا
عة(completes 'hour') دونnot throughout الإصباحmorning والإمساءِand evening
عة دون الإصباح والإمساءِ
So too a friend is useful for a particular hour,
And incapacity, sharing equally
not for every morning and evening.
So that man be in utmost balance
فتمسَّكْso hold fast بهto him ولاand do not تَدَعنْهُabandon him
فتمسَّكْ به ولا تَدَعنْهُ
فتراهlest you see him خَصماًan adversary منamong الخُصماءِadversaries
فتراه خَصماً من الخُصماءِ
Hold fast to him, and do not abandon him,
Between bliss and misery
lest you find him an adversary among adversaries.
So be patient with the friend if he slips
وهماand both يُذْخرانare stored up للحالfor one circumstance لاnot الإحْـall circumstances (continued)
وهما يُذْخران للحال لا الإحْـ
ـوال(completes 'circumstances') بينbetween الفؤادthe heart والأحشاءِand the entrails
ـوال بين الفؤاد والأحشاءِ
Both are treasured for one circumstance, not all
Or goes by foot astray from guidance
circumstances, between the heart and the entrails.
He is like water, have you seen a spring
وصغارand the small الأمورmatters رِدْفٌare attendants لذيto those possessing الرُّتrank (continued)
وصغار الأمور رِدْفٌ لذي الرُّت
بة(completes 'rank') منهاamong them والفخرِand pride والكبرياءِand grandeur
بة منها والفخرِ والكبرياءِ
Small matters attend the ones of rank,
Spared from turbid droplets?
of pride and grandeur among them.
And enjoy him, for he is enjoyable
وملوكُand the kings الأنامof mankind قدindeed أحوجmade dependent اللَّـGod (continued)
وملوكُ الأنام قد أحوج اللَّـ
ـهُ(completes 'God') عُراthe bonds ملكهاof their rule إلىupon الدَّهماءِthe common people
ـهُ عُرا ملكها إلى الدَّهماءِ
As for the kings of mankind, God has made
And a reserve for a dreadful hour
the bonds of their rule dependent on the common people.
What body remains eternally
ولوَand if اَنَّindeed الملوكَthe kings أفردهاisolated them اللَّـGod (continued)
ولوَ اَنَّ الملوكَ أفردها اللَّـ
ـه(completes 'God') منfrom التابعينthe followers والوُزَعاءِand enforcers
ـه من التابعين والوُزَعاءِ
If God were to isolate kings
Spared from the killer of constitutions?
from their followers and enforcers,
What garden have you seen, the days
لَبدتْwould appear خَلَّةٌneed وثُلَّثْand were toppled عُروشـthrones
لَبدتْ خَلَّةٌ وثُلَّثْ عُروشـ
ـواسْتوتand became equal بالأخِسَّةto the lowliest الوُضعاءِbase ones
ـواسْتوت بالأخِسَّة الوُضعاءِ
want would appear, thrones would be toppled,
Leave eternally green?
and they would stand equal to the lowliest and basest.
Or what good has the eye shown you
ولَمَاand there would not كانbe بينbetween أكملthe most perfect خلقcreation الـof God (continued)
ولَمَا كان بين أكمل خلق الـ
ـلاهِ(completes 'God') فرقٌa difference وبينand between أهلthe people الغباءِof folly
ـلاهِ فرقٌ وبين أهل الغباءِ
Nor would there be any difference between God's finest creation
But yellowed at the edges?
and people of folly.
This life is but delusion
حَلقُthe rings الدرعِof the armor ليسnot يُمسكُholds منهاof them
حَلقُ الدرعِ ليس يُمسكُ منها
سَرْدهاtheir linking غيرُother than شكَّةthe little pin الحِرباءِthe 'chameleon' rivet
سَرْدها غيرُ شكَّة الحِرباءِ
Nothing keeps the coat of armor's rings
And misery for the hapless
linked but the little “chameleon” rivet.
We in it are riders traversing lands
ولهذاand for this الإنسانِhuman being قدindeed سخَّرsubjected الرحthe All-Merciful (continued)
ولهذا الإنسانِ قد سخَّر الرح
منُ(completes 'All-Merciful') ماwhat بينbetween أرضهHis earth والسماءِand heaven
منُ ما بين أرضه والسماءِ
For this human being, the All-Merciful has subjected
As though we have reached the destination
all that lies between His earth and heaven.
What can we expect as we race with death
وبحَسْبand in proportion to النعماءِblessings يُطَّلَبُis required الشكـgratitude (continued)
وبحَسْب النعماءِ يُطَّلَبُ الشكـ
ـرُ(completes 'gratitude') كِفاءًas recompense لواهبfor the giver النعماءِof blessings
ـرُ كِفاءً لواهب النعماءِ
In proportion to blessings, gratitude is required
Galloping faster than racers?
as recompense for the giver of blessings.
If the friend turns away and flees
ثمthen لمdid not يُخْلِهِleave him free منof النقصdeficiency والحاand need (continued)
ثم لم يُخْلِهِ من النقص والحا
جة(completes 'need') والعجزand incapacity قِسمةًan allotment بالسَّواءِin balance
جة والعجز قِسمةً بالسَّواءِ
Yet He did not leave man free of deficiency
To places no path reaches
and need and incapacity, balancing the allotment,
And casts brotherhood from the highest
ليكونَso that may be الإنسانُthe human being فيin غايةthe utmost التعْـbalance (continued)
ليكونَ الإنسانُ في غاية التعْـ
ديلِ(completes 'balance') بينbetween السراءprosperity والضراءِand adversity
ديلِ بين السراء والضراءِ
so that man should be perfectly balanced
Into gloomy plunging darkness
between prosperity and adversity.
Heedless, not hoping to walk one day
فاصْطبرْso be patient للصديقwith the friend إنif زلَّhe slipped أوor جاswerved (continued)
فاصْطبرْ للصديق إن زلَّ أو جا
رَ(completes 'swerved') برجلٍwith a foot عنfrom الهُدىguidance نَكْباءِcrooked
رَ برجلٍ عن الهُدى نَكْباءِ
Be patient with a friend if he slips or swerves
Out of shame
from guidance with a crooked foot.
Leave him, he will not be guided by a night's
فهوfor he كالماءis like water هلhave رأيتَyou seen مَعينa flowing spring الـof water (continued)
فهو كالماء هل رأيتَ مَعين الـ
ـماء(completes 'water') يُعْفَىspared منfrom نُطفةٍa drop كَدْراءِturbid
ـماء يُعْفَى من نُطفةٍ كَدْراءِ
He is like water: have you seen a flowing spring
Barking or long howling
spared a turbid drop?
Only the remainder is hoped for, from one
وتَمتَّعand enjoy بهhim ففيهfor within him مَتاعٌـis enjoyment
وتَمتَّع به ففيه مَتاعٌـ
ـوادّخارٌand a reserve لساعةٍfor an hour سَوْعاءِdistressful
ـوادّخارٌ لساعةٍ سَوْعاءِ
Enjoy his company, for in him is enjoyment
With remaining and place for survival
and a reserve for an hour of distress.
Make yourself comfortable with the blessed friend
أيُّwhat جسمbody يَبقىsurvives علىthrough غِيَرthe changes الدهـof time (continued)
أيُّ جسم يَبقى على غِيَر الدهـ
ـر(completes 'time') خَلِيَّاًfree منof قاتلthe deadly الأدواءِdiseases
ـر خَلِيَّاً من قاتل الأدواءِ
What body survives the changes of time
One day of tumultuous gloom
free of deadly diseases?
Who, when called, answers, and if he is
أيّماwhat روضةٍmeadow رأيتَyou have seen يدَthe hand الأيـof days (continued)
أيّما روضةٍ رأيتَ يدَ الأيـ
ـيام(completes 'days') فيin عبقريةٍwondrous finery خضراءِgreen
ـيام في عبقريةٍ خضراءِ
What meadow have you seen beneath the hand of days
A champion of horsemen heroes
still in its wondrous green array?
All that you possess for the loyal
أوَand have ماnot أبصرتْseen لكfor you الخيرُgood fortune عيناthe two eyes
أوَ ما أبصرتْ لك الخيرُ عينا
كyour رُباهاits hills مُصفَرَّةَyellowed الأرجاءِat the edges
ك رُباها مُصفَرَّةَ الأرجاءِ
Have your eyes not seen—may good be yours—
And the mongrels and bastards
its hills yellowed at the edges?
Whom, if you want for an occasion
إنماonly هذهthis الحياةُlife غرورٌdelusion
إنما هذه الحياةُ غرورٌ
وشقاءٌand misery للمَعْشرfor the company الأشقياءِof miserable people
وشقاءٌ للمَعْشر الأشقياءِ
This life is only delusion
Comes outstripping like the yearning she-camel
and misery for miserable people.
And if you want him for a contest
نحنwe فيهاwithin it رَكبٌa caravan نؤمُّhead toward بلاداًlands
نحن فيها رَكبٌ نؤمُّ بلاداً
فكأْنand it is as though قدalready أُلْناwe have arrived إلىat الإنتهاءِthe end
فكأْن قد أُلْنا إلى الإنتهاءِ
We are a caravan within it, bound for distant lands,
Comes like the fangs-baring lion
and it is as though we have already reached the end.
So if he contends, he comes with undeniable
ماwhat عسىcan نَرتجيwe hope for ونحنwhile we معwith الأمthe dead (continued)
ما عسى نَرتجي ونحن مع الأم
وات(completes 'dead') يُحْدَىare driven onward بناwe أَحَثَّwith the most urgent الحُداءِdriving-song
وات يُحْدَى بنا أَحَثَّ الحُداءِ
What can we hope for, while with the dead
Proof, brilliant, shining arguments
we are driven onward by the most urgent driving-song?
Vanquishing troops, his mention of them
فإذاbut if أعرضturned away الصديقُthe friend وولَّىand departed
فإذا أعرض الصديقُ وولَّى
لِقِفارfor wastes لاnot تُهْتَدىnavigable فَيْفَاءِtrackless
لِقِفار لا تُهْتَدى فَيْفَاءِ
But if a friend turns away and departs
Makes them prey to reverberations
for trackless, empty wildernesses,
He takes them on with the sword of thought
ورمىand cast بالإخاءbrotherhood منfrom رأسthe summit عَلْياlofty (continued)
ورمى بالإخاء من رأس عَلْيا
ءَ(completes 'lofty') إلىinto مُدْلَهِمَّةdeep darkness ظَلْماءِpitch-black
ءَ إلى مُدْلَهِمَّة ظَلْماءِ
and casts brotherhood from a lofty summit
And spear of sound views
into deep, black darkness,
Swords of intellects sharper than
لمdid not يُراقبhonor إلّاًa covenant ولمand did not يَرجُexpect أنto يأcome (continued)
لم يُراقب إلّاً ولم يَرجُ أن يأ
تيَ(completes 'come') يوماًone day يمشيwalking علىin استحياءِshame
تيَ يوماً يمشي على استحياءِ
honoring no covenant and not expecting
Indian blades in the hand of a dusty knight
one day to return, walking in shame,
You see the people fallen in the fray
فاتركَنْهُthen leave him لاnot يهتدىfinding his way لمبيتٍto a night's shelter
فاتركَنْهُ لا يهتدى لمبيتٍ
بنُباحٍby barking ولاnor بطولِby prolonged عُواءِhowling
بنُباحٍ ولا بطولِ عُواءِ
then leave him, unable to find a night's shelter
Captives of his bucket and pulley
by barking or by prolonged howling.
He has a Fascine turning its
إنماonly تُرْتجىis hoped for البقيّةُremaining goodwill ممنfrom one who
إنما تُرْتجى البقيّةُ ممن
فيهwithin him بُقياsome mercy وموضعٌand room للبقاءِfor endurance
فيه بُقيا وموضعٌ للبقاءِ
Remaining goodwill can be hoped for only from one
Front as a flood, like an ash-colored elephant herd
who retains some mercy and room for endurance.
The warriors are palm trees, as you see
واشدُدَنْand firmly clasp راحتيكَyour two palms بالصاحبthe companion المُسـhelpful (continued)
واشدُدَنْ راحتيكَ بالصاحب المُسـ
ـعِدِ(completes 'helpful') يومَon the day البَليسةof distress الغمّاءِoverwhelming
ـعِدِ يومَ البَليسة الغمّاءِ
Clasp firmly with both hands the companion who helps
The movements of the brave brigade
on the day of overwhelming, dark distress,
The dumbness of rhetoric in speech
والذيand the one who إنif دُعيcalled أجابanswered وإنeven if كاit were (continued)
والذي إن دُعي أجاب وإن كا
ن(completes 'it were') قِراعَa clash الفوارِسwith horsemen الشجعاءِbrave
ن قِراعَ الفوارِس الشجعاءِ
who answers when called, even if it be
Clarion of relics and tidings
to clash with brave horsemen.
What better thing than him, a knight
كأبيlike Abu القاسمal-Qasim الذيwho كلُّall ماthat يمhe owns (continued)
كأبي القاسم الذي كلُّ ما يم
لكُ(completes 'he owns') للمعتفينَfor those seeking gifts والخُلطاءِand associates
لكُ للمعتفينَ والخُلطاءِ
Like Abu al-Qasim, whose every possession
Riding the vast wilderness
belongs to those seeking gifts and to his associates;
In wars without strategy
والذيand the one who إنif أردتَهyou wanted him لمَقامٍfor a stand
والذي إن أردتَه لمَقامٍ
جاءcame سَبْقاًfirst كاللِّقوةِlike an eagle الشَّغواءِhooked-beaked
جاء سَبْقاً كاللِّقوةِ الشَّغواءِ
who, if you need him for a stand,
And fighting without ammunition
comes first, like a hooked-beaked eagle.
A victim without crime he's guilty of
وإذاand if ماindeed أردتَهُyou wanted him لجِدالٍfor a dispute
وإذا ما أردتَهُ لجِدالٍ
جاءcame كالمُصْمَئلَّةlike a massive serpent الدَّهياءِformidable
جاء كالمُصْمَئلَّة الدَّهياءِ
And if you need him for a dispute,
And a wounded man resigned to his organs
he comes like a massive, formidable serpent.
A slain beneath boards who survives
فإذاthen when دَلَّhe demonstrates جاءhe brings بالحُجّةِthe argument الغَرbrilliant (continued)
فإذا دَلَّ جاء بالحُجّةِ الغَر
رَاء(completes 'brilliant') ذاتِpossessing المعالمlandmarks الغراءِbrilliant
رَاء ذاتِ المعالم الغراءِ
When he demonstrates, he brings a brilliant argument
By a trick in the moment of salvation
with brilliant, unmistakable landmarks.
While in that he is gentle, unperturbed
مُنْجحُsuccessful القيلin speech ماas far as علمتُI know وحاشاand far be it
مُنْجحُ القيل ما علمتُ وحاشا
لخليليfrom my dear friend منto suffer تَرْحةِthe sorrow الإكداءِof failure
لخليلي من تَرْحةِ الإكداءِ
His speech succeeds, as far as I know; far be it
No distinction between slain and captive
from my dear friend to suffer the sorrow of failure.
You see him drinking a poisoned cup
أرْيَحيٌّopenhanded بمثلهِwith one like him يُبْتنىis built المجـglory (continued)
أرْيَحيٌّ بمثلهِ يُبْتنى المجـ
ـدُ(completes 'glory') وتسموand rise بهthrough him فروعُthe branches البناءِof the building
ـدُ وتسمو به فروعُ البناءِ
He is openhanded: with one like him glory is built,
With a suggestion of a kiss or song
and through him the building's branches rise.
None rivals him in valor but
باسطُopen الوجهِof face ضاحكُlaughing السنwith his teeth بسَّاever smiling (continued)
باسطُ الوجهِ ضاحكُ السن بسَّا
مٌ(completes 'ever smiling') علىat حينthe time كُرْهِهِof his displeasure والرّضاءِand contentment
مٌ على حين كُرْهِهِ والرّضاءِ
Open-faced, showing his teeth in laughter, ever smiling,
Bassam ibn Qais and the martyred knight
whether displeased or content.
He has replaced my intimate, like the juice
وثَبيتُand firm المَقامin footing فيin الموقفthe situation الدَّحـslippery (continued)
وثَبيتُ المَقام في الموقف الدَّحـ
ـض(completes 'slippery') إذاwhen ماindeed أضاقgrew narrow رحبُthe breadth الفضاءِof open space
ـض إذا ما أضاق رحبُ الفضاءِ
Firm-footed in a slippery situation,
Of water for the murky intimacy
when the breadth of open space grows narrow.
With affection, as if the tender
ولهand he has فكرةٌa thought يعيدbrings back بهاthrough it الأمـthe dead (continued)
وله فكرةٌ يعيد بها الأمـ
ـوات(completes 'dead') فيin مثلthe likeness صورةof the form الأحياءِof the living
ـوات في مثل صورة الأحياءِ
He has a thought by which he brings back the dead
Narcissus, sickly with musk and saffron
in the likeness of the living.
Firm and stable, though the house
فتراهاso you see them تَفْريperform الفَرِيَّthe prodigious وكانتand they were
فتراها تَفْري الفَرِيَّ وكانت
قَبلهbefore him لاnot تُحيرُreturning رجعَan answering response النداءِto a call
قَبله لا تُحيرُ رجعَ النداءِ
You see them perform prodigious deeds, though
Was vacant, and union long absent
before him they could not return an answering call.
I fear not his absence, nor does he fear me
ليسnot يرضىis content لهاfor them التحرُّكmerely to move أوuntil يُبـbrings forth (continued)
ليس يرضى لها التحرُّك أو يُبـ
ـرِزُهاthem (completes 'brings them forth') فيamid زلازلِthe tremors الهيجاءِof battle
ـرِزُها في زلازلِ الهيجاءِ
He is not content for them merely to move, unless he brings
In closeness or estrangement
them forth amid the tremors of battle.
How great you two friends of pure comradeship
فترىso you see بينهاamong them مُقارعةthe clash الأبof heroes (continued)
فترى بينها مُقارعة الأب
طالِ(completes 'heroes') راحتreturning منfrom غارةٍa raid شعواءِsweeping
طالِ راحت من غارةٍ شعواءِ
Then you see among them the clash of heroes
No two friends rival you in comradeship
returning from a sweeping raid,
You both have my intimate inclination
بتدابيرَwith stratagems تَفلِقُsplit الحجرَthe stone الصلْـsolid (continued)
بتدابيرَ تَفلِقُ الحجرَ الصلْـ
ـد(completes 'solid') وتَشفيand cure منof كلevery داءdisease عياءِincurable
ـد وتَشفي من كل داء عياءِ
with stratagems that split solid rock
More than singers in a bramble field exalted you
and cure every incurable disease.
That is my effort, if devoted
يَهزمdefeats الجيشَthe army ذكرهُthe mention of him فتراهمso you see them
يَهزم الجيشَ ذكرهُ فتراهم
جَزَرَslaughtered remains الهامof heads عُرْضةَexposed الأصداءِto owls
جَزَرَ الهام عُرْضةَ الأصداءِ
The mention of him defeats the army, and you see them
Though I appreciate you with the best reward
as slaughtered heads, exposed to the owls.
Affection's gift of tender speech
يتلقّاهُمُhe meets them بسيفٍwith a sword منof الفكـthought (continued)
يتلقّاهُمُ بسيفٍ من الفكـ
ـرِ(completes 'thought') ورمحand a spear منof صَنعةthe crafting الآراءِof judgments
ـرِ ورمح من صَنعة الآراءِ
He meets them with a sword of thought
Rewards most precious affection
and a spear wrought from judgment.
وسيوفُand the swords العقولof intellects أمضىsharper منthan الصَّمـthe keen blade (continued)
وسيوفُ العقول أمضى من الصَّمـ
ـصام(completes 'keen blade') فيin كفِّthe hand فارسِof the rider الغبراءِof al-Ghabra
ـصام في كفِّ فارسِ الغبراءِ
The swords of intellect are sharper than the keen blade
in the hand of al-Ghabra's rider.
فترىso you see القومthe people فيin قليبٍa well منof الموdeath (continued)
فترى القوم في قليبٍ من المو
ت(completes 'death') أسارىcaptives لدَلوهto his bucket والرِّشاءِand the rope
ت أسارى لدَلوه والرِّشاءِ
You see the people in a well of death,
captives to his bucket and its rope.
ولهand he has حَرْشَفٌa swarm of footmen يُديرُhe maneuvers قُداماbefore (continued)
وله حَرْشَفٌ يُديرُ قُداما
هُhim زحافاًadvancing كالفَيلَقlike the army الشهباءِgray-armored
هُ زحافاً كالفَيلَق الشهباءِ
He has a swarm of footmen, which he maneuvers before
him, advancing like a gray-armored army.
والمغاويرُand the raiders بالياتٌworn كماjust as عاyou have seen (continued)
والمغاويرُ بالياتٌ كما عا
يَنْتَ(completes 'you have seen') مَوْرَthe surge الكتيبةof the battalion الجأواءِdark-armored
يَنْتَ مَوْرَ الكتيبة الجأواءِ
The raiders are worn, just as you have
seen the surge of a dark-armored battalion.
وهيand they خُرْسُmute البيانin expression منfrom جهةthe aspect النُّطـof speech (continued)
وهي خُرْسُ البيان من جهة النُّطـ
ـق(completes 'speech') فصاحُeloquent الآثارin effects والأنباءِand reports
ـق فصاحُ الآثار والأنباءِ
They are mute in expression as regards speech,
but eloquent in their effects and reports.
أيُّwhat شيءٍthing يكونُcould be أحسنَmore beautiful منهthan him
أيُّ شيءٍ يكونُ أحسنَ منه
فارساًa horseman ماشياًwalking علىupon العَفْراءِthe pale ground
فارساً ماشياً على العَفْراءِ
What could be more beautiful than him,
a horseman walking upon pale ground,
فيin حروبٍwars لاnot تُصطَلىkindled لتراتٍfor vendettas
في حروبٍ لا تُصطَلى لتراتٍ
وقتالand fighting بغيرwithout ماany شَحْناءِenmity
وقتال بغير ما شَحْناءِ
in wars not kindled for vendettas,
and fighting without any enmity?
وقتيلٍand a slain man بغيرwithout جُرمٍa crime جناهhe committed
وقتيلٍ بغير جُرمٍ جناه
وجريحٍand a wounded man مُسَلَّمِintact الأعضاءِin limbs
وجريحٍ مُسَلَّمِ الأعضاءِ
A man slain without any crime he committed,
and a wounded man with all his limbs intact;
وصريعٍand one felled تحتbeneath السنابكthe hooves ينجوsurvives
وصريعٍ تحت السنابك ينجو
برِماقٍwith a flicker of life ولاتbut it is no حينtime نجاءِfor escape
برِماقٍ ولات حين نجاءِ
one felled beneath the hooves survives
with a flicker of life, when it is no time for escape.
وهْوand he فيin ذاكthat ناعمُat ease البالin mind لاnot يفـdistinguishes (continued)
وهْو في ذاك ناعمُ البال لا يفـ
ـصل(completes 'distinguishes') بينbetween القتيلthe slain والأُسَراءِand the captives
ـصل بين القتيل والأُسَراءِ
Yet he is at ease in all this, making no distinction
between the slain and the captives.
وتراهُand you see him يحثُّhastening through كأسَa cup طِلاءٍof thick wine
وتراهُ يحثُّ كأسَ طِلاءٍ
باقتراحٍwith a request لقُبْلةٍfor a kiss أوor غناءِsinging
باقتراحٍ لقُبْلةٍ أو غناءِ
You see him hastening through a cup of thick wine,
requesting a kiss or a song.
لاnot يُدانيهapproaches him فيin الشجاعةcourage بِسطاBistam (continued)
لا يُدانيه في الشجاعة بِسطا
مُ(completes 'Bistam') بنson of قيسQays وفارسُand the rider الضحياءِof al-Ḍaḥyāʾ
مُ بن قيس وفارسُ الضحياءِ
Bistam cannot approach him in courage,
nor can Ibn Qays and the rider of al-Ḍaḥyāʾ.
حلَّoccupied منin خُلَّتيmy friendship محلَّthe place زُلالِof limpid الـwater (continued)
حلَّ من خُلَّتي محلَّ زُلالِ الـ
ـماء(completes 'water') منfor ذاتone possessing غُلَّةٍburning thirst صَدْياءِparched
ـماء من ذات غُلَّةٍ صَدْياءِ
He holds in my friendship the place of limpid water
for one parched with burning thirst,
بودادٍwith affection كأنهas though it النرجسُthe narcissus الغضـfresh (continued)
بودادٍ كأنه النرجسُ الغضـ
ـضُ(completes 'fresh') عليلاًlanguishing بمِسكةٍwith musk ذَفْراءِpungent
ـضُ عليلاً بمِسكةٍ ذَفْراءِ
with an affection like fresh narcissus,
languishing with pungent musk;
راسياًdeep-rooted ثابتاًsteadfast وإنalthough خَلَتbecame empty الداthe dwelling (continued)
راسياً ثابتاً وإن خَلَت الدا
رُ(completes 'dwelling') جناباfar away وامتدَّand lengthened عهدُthe interval اللقاءِsince meeting
رُ جنابا وامتدَّ عهدُ اللقاءِ
deep-rooted and steadfast, though the dwelling stands empty
and far away, and long has passed since our meeting.
لستُI do not أخشىfear منهfrom him الغيابَabsence ولاnor تخـyou fear (continued)
لستُ أخشى منه الغيابَ ولا تخـ
ـشاهit (completes 'you fear it') فيin حالthe condition قربناof our nearness والعَداءِand distance
ـشاه في حال قربنا والعَداءِ
I do not fear his absence, nor do you
fear it, whether we are near or distant.
حبذاhow fine أنتُماyou both خليلاtwo friends صفاءٍof pure affection
حبذا أنتُما خليلا صفاءٍ
لاnot يُدانيكماapproach you both خليلاtwo friends صفاءِof pure affection
لا يُدانيكما خليلا صفاءِ
How fine you both are, two friends of pure affection!
No two friends of pure affection approach you.
لكماfor you both طوعُthe obedience خُلَّتيof my friendship وقِياديand my reins
لكما طوعُ خُلَّتي وقِيادي
ماas long as تغنتsang خَطباءُa pied bird فيin شَجْراءِa thicket
ما تغنت خَطباءُ في شَجْراءِ
You both have my obedient friendship and my reins,
as long as a pied bird sings in a thicket.
ذاكthat جُهديmy utmost effort إذاwhen وَدِدتُI love وإنand if أقـI can (continued)
ذاك جُهدي إذا وَدِدتُ وإن أقـ
ـدر(completes 'I can') أكافِئْكُماI repay you both بخيرِwith the finest كِفاءِrecompense
ـدر أكافِئْكُما بخيرِ كِفاءِ
That is my utmost when I love; and if I can,
I will repay you both with the finest recompense.
وحباءُand the gift الودادof affection بالمنطقthrough words الغضـfresh (continued)
وحباءُ الوداد بالمنطق الغضـ
ـضِ(completes 'fresh') يُجازَىis repaid بهwith it أَجلُّthe noblest حِباءgift
ـضِ يُجازَى به أَجلُّ حِباء
And affection's gift, expressed in fresh words,
can repay the noblest gift.
Partial English translation: 259 of 302 Arabic lines translated.
Sol 6.1