لِمَنْbelonging to whom الرَّكبُthe caravan وحَيفاًat a swift pace وذميلاand at a gentle trot
لِمَنْ الرَّكبُ وحَيفاً وذميلا
يَقْطَعُcrosses البيدَthe desert wastes حُزوناًrough terrain وسُهولاand level plains
يَقْطَعُ البيدَ حُزوناً وسُهولا
Whose caravan is this, hastening and trotting,
For whom is the caravan and its torment and affliction
crossing the wastes, rough ground and level plains?
Crossing the desert, grieving, over plains
يتَساقَونthey give one another to drink أَفاويقsmall draughts الكَرىof slumber
يتَساقَون أَفاويق الكَرى
ويعَانونand they endure السُّرىnight travel ميلاًa mile فميلاthen another mile
ويعَانون السُّرى ميلاً فميلا
They share small draughts of slumber
Enduring the scorching heat of noon
and endure night travel, mile after mile,
And the burning pangs of thirst from stretch to stretch
فوقatop أَنضاءٍexhausted camels فَرَتْcut through أخفافهاtheir padded feet
فوق أَنضاءٍ فَرَتْ أخفافها
شققstretches البيدof desert صعوداًascending ونزولاand descending
شقق البيد صعوداً ونزولا
on exhausted camels whose padded feet have cut through
Over highlands whose fleet-footed mounts
the desert's stretches, uphill and down.
Raced up the desert hills and down
كلَّماwhenever مرَّتthey passed برَسْمٍby a dwelling's trace دارسٍfaded
كلَّما مرَّت برَسْمٍ دارسٍ
هَمَلَتْstreamed أدْمعُtears عينيهاof their eyes همولاfreely
هَمَلَتْ أدْمعُ عينيها همولا
Whenever they pass a faded trace of a dwelling,
Whenever they passed by an abandoned campsite
tears stream freely from their eyes.
The tears of their eyes poured forth abundantly
وإذاand when ماan emphatic particle انتَشَقَتْهاthey breathed it in شمألاًa north wind
وإذا ما انتَشَقَتْها شمألاً
فكماso as though قدalready شَرِبَتْthey had drunk راحاًwine شمولاheady wine
فكما قد شَرِبَتْ راحاً شمولا
And when they breathe in the north wind,
And when thirst cracked their lips
it is as though they had drunk heady wine.
As if they had drunk the freshest draught
أتراهاdo you think they ذكرتْremembered فيamong ذاthese الغضاghada trees
أتراها ذكرتْ في ذا الغضا
زمناًa time مرَّpassed بمنwith those whom تهوىthey love عجولاswiftly
زمناً مرَّ بمن تهوى عجولا
Do you think they recalled, among these ghada trees,
Did you see them recall in their present misery
a time that passed swiftly with those they love?
A time that passed with those they love so impetuously
بدَّلتthey exchanged بالوصلin place of union هجراًestrangement وبماand for what
بدَّلت بالوصل هجراً وبما
نَعِمَتْthey enjoyed بؤساًmisery وبالرّيّand for quenched thirst غليلاburning thirst
نَعِمَتْ بؤساً وبالرّيّ غليلا
They traded union for estrangement, and their
When intimacy was replaced with estrangement and blessings
bliss for misery, their quenching for burning thirst.
With misery, clear water with turbid stale
قَصُرَتْwere brief أيَّامناour days فيin رامةRamah
قَصُرَتْ أيَّامنا في رامة
ورباهاand its hills فذكرناهاso we remembered them طويلاfor a long time
ورباها فذكرناها طويلا
Our days were brief in Ramah
Our days together were cut short in Ramah
and on its hills; long have we remembered them.
And separated, we recalled them overlong
قدonce رَعَيْناهاwe grazed upon them رياضاًgardens أَزهَرَتْthat blossomed
قد رَعَيْناها رياضاً أَزهَرَتْ
وبكيناهاand we wept over them رسوماًdwelling traces وطلولاand ruins
وبكيناها رسوماً وطلولا
We once grazed them as gardens in bloom,
We pastured it green meadows now lie desolate
and wept over them as traces and ruins.
And wept over ruins and high verdant mounds
أينَwhere ياO سَعْدُSa'd ديارٌdwellings دَرَسَتْbecame effaced
أينَ يا سَعْدُ ديارٌ دَرَسَتْ
وأحبَّاءٌand loved ones بهاthere كانواwere نزولاsojourners
وأحبَّاءٌ بها كانوا نزولا
Where, Sa'd, are the dwellings now effaced,
Where, O Saad, are dwellings now decayed
and the loved ones who once sojourned there?
With dear ones once lodged in their environs
وبدورٌand full moons أشْرَقَتْshone أرجاؤهاtheir precincts
وبدورٌ أشْرَقَتْ أرجاؤها
لَقِيَتْmet with بعدafter تلاقيناour meeting أُفولاsetting
لَقِيَتْ بعد تلاقينا أُفولا
And the full moons that lit their precincts,
And abodes whose far precincts
then set after our meeting?
After our last meeting saw only decline
أُرْسِلُI cast الطَّرفَmy gaze فماso what ليis with me لاnot أرىI see
أُرْسِلُ الطَّرفَ فما لي لا أرى
ناظراًan eye أحوىdark-hued ولاnor خدًّاa cheek أسيلاsmooth and slender
ناظراً أحوى ولا خدًّا أسيلا
I cast my gaze; why do I not see
I strain my eyes but cannot discern
a dark eye or a smooth, slender cheek?
A beloved glance or a cheek to kiss
قدindeed ذكرناwe remembered عهدَكمour time with you منfrom بعدكمafter your departure
قد ذكرنا عهدَكم من بعدكم
فتحرَّقْناso we burned بكاءًwith weeping وعويلاand wailing
فتحرَّقْنا بكاءً وعويلا
After you left, we recalled our days with you,
We recalled our pledge to you though you left
and burned with weeping and wailing.
Burning in tears and loud lamentations
شدَّhow grievous ماwhat لاقيتُI suffered منfrom هِجرانكمyour abandonment
شدَّ ما لاقيتُ من هِجرانكم
يومَthe day أَزْمَعْتُمyou resolved عنfrom الحيِّthe encampment رحيلاto depart
يومَ أَزْمَعْتُم عن الحيِّ رحيلا
How grievous was the abandonment I suffered from you
How heavily the day of your departure weighed
the day you resolved to leave the encampment!
When you broke camp and quit this settlement
واعْتَقَلْتُمand you couched منfrom قدودslender figures سُمُراًtawny lances
واعْتَقَلْتُم من قدود سُمُراً
واتَّخذْتُمand you made حَدَقَthe pupils الغيدof graceful beauties نصولاspearheads
واتَّخذْتُم حَدَقَ الغيد نصولا
And you couched tawny lances made of slender figures,
Taking sturdy camels with humps like hillocks
and made the beauties' pupils their spearheads.
And sheltering ‘neath the ample shade of the acacias’ boughs
أَيُّwhat ذكرىremembrance قدindeed ذكرناكمwe remembered you بهاwith it
أَيُّ ذكرى قد ذكرناكم بها
وكذاand thus فليذْكرِso let him remember الخِلُّthe friend الخليلاhis friend
وكذا فليذْكرِ الخِلُّ الخليلا
With what remembrance we have remembered you!
By what memory can we recall you
And thus let a friend remember his friend.
As friends recall a cherished friend
تُورِثُit brings القلبَto the heart التهاباًburning والحشاand to the breast
تُورِثُ القلبَ التهاباً والحشا
حُرَقاًsearing pains والدَّمعand to tears مجرًىa channel ومسيلاand a flowing course
حُرَقاً والدَّمع مجرًى ومسيلا
It kindles flame in the heart, and in the breast
It leaves the heart aflame and desolate
burning pains, and gives tears a channel and a course.
Burning in grief as tears course down
فسقىso may it water أَطلالَكُمyour ruins منwith عَبْرَةٍa tear
فسقى أَطلالَكُم من عَبْرَةٍ
لمnot نكنْwe were نبعَثُهاsending them forth إلاَّexcept سيولاin torrents
لم نكنْ نبعَثُها إلاَّ سيولا
So may your ruins be watered with tears,
The ruins of your camp we watered with copious tears
which we poured forth only in torrents.
We once shed only as plentiful rain showers
مُغْرَمٌa love-stricken man فيin قبضةِthe grip الوَجْدof longing شجٍgrief-stricken
مُغْرَمٌ في قبضةِ الوَجْد شجٍ
لاnot يرىhe sees يوماًever إلىto الصَّبرpatience سبيلاa path
لا يرى يوماً إلى الصَّبر سبيلا
A grief-stricken lover, in longing's grasp,
A lovesick heart held fast in ardent passions’ fist
never finds a path to patience.
Can see no path leading to patience
وثَنَتْهand turned him aside عَنfrom مَلامٍreproach فيكمconcerning you
وثَنَتْه عَن مَلامٍ فيكم
طاعةُobedience الحُبِّto love الَّتيwhich تعصيdefies العذولاthe reproacher
طاعةُ الحُبِّ الَّتي تعصي العذولا
And what kept him from reproaching you
His devotion has turned him from reproaching you
was obedience to love, which defies the reproacher.
Disobeying the reprovers’ strictures
قدindeed ترَكْتُمyou left فيin عذابٍtorment جَسَداًa body
قد ترَكْتُم في عذابٍ جَسَداً
فأَخَذْتُمso you seized قلبهits heart أخذاًa seizure وبيلاdevastating
فأَخَذْتُم قلبه أخذاً وبيلا
You left a body in torment,
You left a body in torment and bore off
and seized its heart with a devastating grasp.
His heart seized with violence and brute force
عَلِّلوناsoothe us بنسيمٌwith a breeze منكمfrom you
عَلِّلونا بنسيمٌ منكم
عَلَّperhaps يشفيناit heals us وإنْand even if كانَit is عليلاailing
عَلَّ يشفينا وإنْ كانَ عليلا
Soothe us with a breeze from you;
Soothe us with a breeze from you
perhaps it will heal us, even if it is ailing.
Though it arrives infirm it may heal us
وانصفوناand grant us redress منagainst خيالٍa phantom طارقٍvisiting by night
وانصفونا من خيالٍ طارقٍ
زارناit visited us ليلاًby night فماand not أَغنىavailed فتيلاa thread's worth
زارنا ليلاً فما أَغنى فتيلا
And grant us redress against a visiting phantom
And favor us with a visiting apparition
that came by night and did not help a whit.
Who came to us one night but brought no solace
فأَعيدوهُso send it back لناto us ثانيةًa second time
فأَعيدوهُ لنا ثانيةً
وليكنْand let it be منكمfrom you وماand not كانَit was رسولاa messenger
وليكنْ منكم وما كانَ رسولا
So send it back to us a second time,
Send him back to us again
and let it be your messenger, though it was none before.
Be he from you or your messenger
إيْyes ودينِby the creed الحبِّof love لولاwere it not for سربكمyour flock
إيْ ودينِ الحبِّ لولا سربكم
ماnot استباحتclaimed as lawful prey أعْيُنthe eyes الغيدof graceful beauties قتيلاa slain victim
ما استباحت أعْيُن الغيد قتيلا
Yes, by love's creed, were it not for your flock,
By the sanctity of love, had it not been for your absence
the beauties' eyes would have claimed no victim.
My eyes would never have violated the inviolable
ماnot أَخوone endowed with الحزمprudence سوىexcept منone who يتَّقيguards against الthe
ما أَخو الحزم سوى من يتَّقي ال
شادنَyoung gazelle الألْعَسَdusky-lipped والطَّرفand the eye الكحيلاkohl-dark
شادنَ الألْعَسَ والطَّرف الكحيلا
The prudent man is none but he who guards against the
True boldness belongs only to one who can restrain
dusky-lipped gazelle and the kohl-dark eye.
Ardent glance and reckless passion
ذلَّwas humbled عبدُthe slave الحبّof love منby مُسْتَعبدٍan enslaver
ذلَّ عبدُ الحبّ من مُسْتَعبدٍ
كمhow many عزيزٍa mighty man تركleft الحبُّlove ذليلاabased
كم عزيزٍ ترك الحبُّ ذليلا
Love's slave is humbled by an enslaver;
How the slave of love is humbled by one who enslaves him
how many a mighty man has love left abased!
Many a proud man is made lowly by love
لاmay not رعىfavor اللهGod زماناًan age أَمَليmy hope
لا رعى الله زماناً أَمَلي
فيهin it يحكينيresembles me سقاماًin sickness ونحولاand wasting
فيه يحكيني سقاماً ونحولا
May God never favor an age in which my hope
Would that God had not appointed for me a time
resembles me in sickness and wasting!
When grief and adversity were my lot
إنْif يَسُؤْنيit grieves me الدَّهرtime فيthrough أحداثهits calamities
إنْ يَسُؤْني الدَّهر في أحداثه
سرَّنيhe gladdens me عبدAbd (servant) الغنيّal-Ghani (the rich) الدَّهرthroughout time طولاat length
سرَّني عبد الغنيّ الدَّهر طولا
If time grieves me with its calamities,
If fate deals harshly with me through all its caprice
Abd al-Ghani gladdens me all my days.
The eternal master’s favor has always been my solace
عارضٌa rain cloud ممطرُناraining upon us منfrom سَيْبِهhis bounty
عارضٌ ممطرُنا من سَيْبِه
كلّevery يومٍday وابلheavy rain المُزنof the rain clouds هطولاpouring down
كلّ يومٍ وابل المُزن هطولا
A rain cloud that showers us from his bounty
A rival challenging us with his blade
each day with the pouring torrents of the clouds.
Daily rains battle’s torrents upon us
فتأَمَّلso consider فيamong البراياcreated beings هلcan تَجِدْyou find
فتأَمَّل في البرايا هل تَجِدْ
منone who يضاهيهmatches him جمالاًin beauty وجميلاand beneficence
من يضاهيه جمالاً وجميلا
Look among all creatures: can you find
Yet look upon the desert’s expanse and you’ll never find
one who matches him in beauty and beneficence?
One to match his beauty and charm
عارفٌaware بالفضلof merit معطٍgranting حقَّهits due
عارفٌ بالفضل معطٍ حقَّه
بينamong قومٍpeople تحسبwho consider الفضلmerit فضولاsuperfluity
بين قومٍ تحسب الفضل فضولا
He knows merit and gives it its due,
Beneficent, bestowing fully what is due
among people who think merit merely excess.
Amongst a folk who count all merit extravagance
طالماhow often اسْتَسْقَيتُهI sought water from him منfrom ظمأٍthirst
طالما اسْتَسْقَيتُه من ظمأٍ
فسَقانيso he gave me to drink منfrom نَداهhis bounty سلسبيلاSalsabil
فسَقاني من نَداه سلسبيلا
How often, thirsty, I have asked him for water,
Long have I quenched my burning thirst from his moisture
so he gave me Salsabil to drink from his bounty.
As he gave me to drink from his flowing stream
أَلَيْسَis it not الدَّهرَtime بأفعالٍthrough deeds لهof his
أَلَيْسَ الدَّهرَ بأفعالٍ له
غُرَراًwhite forehead blazes أَشْرَقَit shone فيهاin them وحجولاand white fetlocks
غُرَراً أَشْرَقَ فيها وحجولا
Is not time, through deeds of his,
Does Time not have in its workings and affairs
radiant in white blazes and white fetlocks?
Dazzling features in which it shines resplendent
خيرthe best ماof what يطربhe delights فيهin it موقفa stand
خير ما يطرب فيه موقف
يَملأُfills الأرضthe earth صهيلاًwith neighing وصليلاand clashing
يَملأُ الأرض صهيلاً وصليلا
What he delights in most is a stand
The finest spectacle to delight the eyes
that fills the earth with neighing and clashing,
Is a battlefield with neighing steeds and clashing swords
يومa day لاnot تُشْرِقُshine إلاَّexcept بدمٍwith blood
يوم لا تُشْرِقُ إلاَّ بدمٍ
مرهفاتٌkeen blades تَتَشكَّاهthey complain of it فلولاthrough notches
مرهفاتٌ تَتَشكَّاه فلولا
on a day when nothing but blood brightens
A day on which nothing glows except
keen blades, whose notches complain of that day.
Flashing blades wiping their bloodstained points
وبحرِّand from the heat الطَّعنof thrusting أطرافthe tips القناof lances
وبحرِّ الطَّعن أطراف القنا
والمواضيand the keen blades البيضthe bright ones كادتalmost أنto تسيلاmelt
والمواضي البيض كادت أن تسيلا
And in the heat of thrusting, the lance-points
And the lance points piercing the horses’ croups
and the keen, bright blades almost melt.
Till the white battleground is soaked crimson
ياO إماماًleader فيin العُلىgreatness فليقتدِso let him follow
يا إماماً في العُلى فليقتدِ
بكَby you مَنwhoever قَدْindeed يبتغيseeks المجدglory الأَثيلاdeep-rooted
بكَ مَن قَدْ يبتغي المجد الأَثيلا
O leader in greatness, let him be guided
O foremost Imam, let him aspire to your glory
by you, whoever seeks deep-rooted glory.
Who hopes to gain lasting noble fame
لاno مثيلequal لكto you فيamong النَّاسpeople وإنْand even though
لا مثيل لك في النَّاس وإنْ
كنتَyou are للبدرto the full moon نظيراًa counterpart ومثيلاand an equal
كنتَ للبدر نظيراً ومثيلا
You have no equal among people, though
You have no equal among men even if
you are a counterpart and peer of the full moon.
You are as the full moon’s counterpart and parallel
ماnone سواكexcept you اليومtoday فيamong ساداتهاtheir chiefs
ما سواك اليوم في ساداتها
منone who يجيرgives refuge to الجارthe neighbor أوor يحميprotects النَّزيلاthe guest
من يجير الجار أو يحمي النَّزيلا
Among their chiefs today, none but you
None but you defend the refugee or shelter
shelters a neighbor or protects a guest.
The wayfarer among the nobility of our age
ولئنْand even if كانَthere is قؤولٌa great talker فيهُمُamong them
ولئنْ كانَ قؤولٌ فيهُمُ
لمnot تكنْyou were بينَهمamong them إلاَّexcept فعولاa man of deeds
لم تكنْ بينَهم إلاَّ فعولا
Though there may be a great talker among them,
Though there may be warriors among them
you have been only a man of deeds among them.
There were never among them but mere swaggerers
وإذاand when ماan emphatic particle زُكِّيَتْwere praised أنسابُهاtheir lineages
وإذا ما زُكِّيَتْ أنسابُها
كنتَyou are أزكاهاthe purest of them فروعاًin branches وأُصولاand roots
كنتَ أزكاها فروعاً وأُصولا
And when their lineages are praised,
And if their lineages were to be verified
you are the purest in branches and roots.
Yours would prove the noblest in ancestry and descent
لمnot تكنْthey were بالغةًreaching منكof yours عُلًىheights
لم تكنْ بالغةً منك عُلًى
طاوَلَتْsurpassed in height أعلىthe tallest الجبالmountains الشُّمّtowering طولاin stature
طاوَلَتْ أعلى الجبال الشُّمّ طولا
They have not attained those heights of yours
No elevation was too lofty to elude your grasp
that surpass the tallest, towering mountains.
Nor summits too towering for you to scale
ولقدand indeed أُنْزِلَتْthey were placed أعلىthe highest منزلٍabode
ولقد أُنْزِلَتْ أعلى منزلٍ
فيin مقامٍa station يُرْجِعُsends back الطَّرفَthe gaze كليلاweary
في مقامٍ يُرْجِعُ الطَّرفَ كليلا
Those heights have indeed been set in the highest abode,
You have attained the highest pinnacle
at a station that sends the gaze back weary.
From which all vision recoils dazzled
وأبىand refused مجدُكyour glory إلاَّanything except أنthat تُرىyou be seen
وأبى مجدُك إلاَّ أن تُرى
أيُّهاO القرمُnoble chief مُغيثاًgiving succor ومُنيلاand bestowing
أيُّها القرمُ مُغيثاً ومُنيلا
And your glory insists that you be seen,
And your glory refused but to make you
O noble chief, as a helper and bestower.
Accessible quarry, an inviolable sanctuary
أَفأَنْتَare you, then الغيثُthe rain يَنْهَلُّpouring down فماso not
أَفأَنْتَ الغيثُ يَنْهَلُّ فما
تركتleft أنواؤهits seasonal rains رَوْضاًa garden مُحيلاbarren
تركت أنواؤه رَوْضاً مُحيلا
Are you, then, the rain pouring down, so that
Are you not the sheltering rain whose water
its showers have left no garden barren?
Left no meadow without some trace of green
إنَّindeed للإِحسانfor beneficence والحسنىand goodness معاًtogether
إنَّ للإِحسان والحسنى معاً
فيكin you ياO مولايmy lord حالاًa state لنwill never تحولاchange
فيك يا مولاي حالاً لن تحولا
Indeed, kindness and goodness together
Bounty and beauteous deeds have forever
have in you, my lord, a state that will never change.
In you, my Master, an immutable condition
ينقضيpasses away جيلٌa generation ويستودِعُهاand entrusts it
ينقضي جيلٌ ويستودِعُها
بعدbeyond ذاكthat الجبلmountain فيamong الآتينthose to come جيلاa generation
بعد ذاك الجبل في الآتين جيلا
One generation passes and entrusts it,
One generation passes it on through succession
beyond that mountain, to a generation yet to come.
To the next, as enduring as mountains
أَيّwhich نعمائكof your blessings أقضيI discharge حقَّهاtheir due
أَيّ نعمائك أقضي حقَّها
فلَقَدْfor indeed حمَّلَتْنيthey burdened me حملاًwith a load ثقيلاheavy
فلَقَدْ حمَّلَتْني حملاً ثقيلا
Which of your blessings can I duly repay?
Which of your blessings can I requite
For they have burdened me with a heavy load.
When you have burdened me with weighty favors
نبَّهتْthey awakened حظِّيmy fortune منfrom رقدَتِهِits slumber
نبَّهتْ حظِّي من رقدَتِهِ
بعدafter أنْthat أرقدَهput it to sleep الدَّهرtime خمولاin obscurity
بعد أنْ أرقدَه الدَّهر خمولا
They roused my fortune from its slumber
My fortune stirred from its dormancy
after time had lulled it to sleep in obscurity.
After fate had sunk it in despondency
كلّevery يومday بالغٌattaining منكfrom you منًىwishes
كلّ يوم بالغٌ منك منًى
وعطاءًand bounty منfrom عطاياكyour gifts جزيلاabundant
وعطاءً من عطاياك جزيلا
Each day I attain from you my wishes
Each new dawn grants me from your treasures
and rich bounty from among your gifts.
Lavish gifts and copious largesse
وإذاand when ماan emphatic particle هجرتgrew scorching هاجرةthe midday heat
وإذا ما هجرت هاجرة
كنتyou are ظلاًّshade يُتَّقىone takes shelter فيهin it ظليلاdeep-shading
كنت ظلاًّ يُتَّقى فيه ظليلا
And whenever the noon heat blazes,
And whenever you are absent I enjoy
you are sheltering shade in which one finds refuge.
The shade of your protection from exposure
ولَقَدْand indeed مَلَّتْhas wearied يديmy hand منof أَخْذِهاits taking
ولَقَدْ مَلَّتْ يدي من أَخْذِها
منكfrom you ماwhat توليyou bestow وماand not كنتَyou were ملولاweary
منك ما تولي وما كنتَ ملولا
My hand has indeed grown weary of taking
My hands are weary from collecting
from you what you bestow, while you have never wearied.
Your unremitting gifts never refused
فكأنِّيso it is as though I am روضةٌa garden باكرهاvisited it early
فكأنِّي روضةٌ باكرها
صيّبٌa rain cloud أوor صادَفتْit encountered منكfrom you قبولاan east wind
صيّبٌ أو صادَفتْ منك قبولا
So I am as though a garden visited at dawn
I am like an early-blooming meadow
by a rain cloud, or touched by an east wind from you.
Showered by your pouring rains
وحَرِيٌّand fitting بعدَهاafter that أنْto أنْثنيI turn back
وحَرِيٌّ بعدَها أنْ أنْثني
ساحباًtrailing فيكthrough you منof الفجرthe dawn ذيولاskirts
ساحباً فيك من الفجر ذيولا
And after this, it is fitting that I turn back,
And only fitting after it for me to hurry on
trailing, through you, the skirts of dawn.
Trailing the trains of your robe from dawn
فابقَso remain للأَعيادfor feast days عيداًa feast والنَّدىand for generosity
فابقَ للأَعياد عيداً والنَّدى
منهلاًa watering place عذباًsweet وللوفدand for visitors مقيلاa noonday resting place
منهلاً عذباً وللوفد مقيلا
So remain a feast for feast days, and for generosity
So remain a feast for all festive occasions
a sweet spring, and for visitors a noonday refuge.
Sweet waters for the wayfarer, and a welcoming refuge
Sol 6.1