إنif قلتyou say إنthat الوجودexistence نفسthe very same as الthe
إن قلت إن الوجود نفس ال
موجودexistent ياO أشعريAshʿarī فقلthen say ليto me
موجود يا أشعري فقل لي
If you say that existence is the very
If you say that existence is the same as
existent, O Ashʿarī, then tell me:
the existent, O Ash'ari, then tell me
كذاكlikewise إنthat الموجودthe existent نفسthe very same as الthe
كذاك إن الموجود نفس ال
وجودexistence عكسthe converse بلاwithout مخلanything impairing it
وجود عكس بلا مخل
likewise, that the existent is the very
Likewise, if the existent is the same as
existence—the converse, without flaw.
existence, the opposite without confusion
وقلتand you say إنthat الوجودexistence جنسa genus
وقلت إن الوجود جنس
والجنسand the genus تمييزهits differentiation بفصلby a differentia
والجنس تمييزه بفصل
And you say that existence is a genus,
And you said that existence is a genus
and a genus is distinguished by a differentia,
And the genus is differentiated by division
والفصلand the differentia نفسthe very same as الوجودexistence أيضاalso
والفصل نفس الوجود أيضا
فالكلso all جنسa genus مثلاًlike بمثلfor like
فالكل جنس مثلاً بمثل
and the differentia is also existence itself,
And division itself is existence too
then all is a genus, like for like.
So everything is a genus, for example, alike
فأينwhere, then فصلthe differentia of الوجودexistence ياO ذاyou
فأين فصل الوجود يا ذا
بمقتضىaccording to علمكyour knowledge الأجلthe most exalted
بمقتضى علمك الأجل
Where, then, is existence's differentia, O you,
Then where is the division of existence, O one
according to your most exalted knowledge?
According to your greatest knowledge
فإنthen if تقلyou say فصلهits differentia اعتبارa conceptual consideration
فإن تقل فصله اعتبار
فيin العقلthe mind مثلlike اعتبارthe conception of ظلa shadow
في العقل مثل اعتبار ظل
If you say its differentia is a conceptual consideration
If you say its division is figurative
in the mind, like the conception of a shadow,
In the mind, like the figurative shadow
قلناwe say لكto you الإعتبارthe conceptual consideration أمرa thing
قلنا لك الإعتبار أمر
لهit has ثبوتestablished presence فيin كلevery عقلmind
له ثبوت في كل عقل
we say to you: that conception is a thing
We say to you, the figurative is a matter
with an established presence in every mind.
That is fixed in every mind
وعنهand of it شيءa thing يقالis said وهوand it is الthe
وعنه شيء يقال وهو ال
موجودexistent فارجعso return لحكمto the ruling on كلall
موجود فارجع لحكم كل
And it is called a thing, and it is the
And something is said about it, and it is not
existent; so return to the ruling on all.
Existing, so return to the judgment of all
وإنand if تقلyou say إنthat كلevery شيءthing
وإن تقل إن كل شيء
وجودهits existence حكمa status مستقلindependent
وجوده حكم مستقل
And if you say that every thing
And if you say that the existence of everything
has existence with an independent status,
Is an independent judgment
مميزdistinct عنfrom سواهwhat is other than it ذاتاًin essence
مميز عن سواه ذاتاً
فليسso there is no فيهin it اشتراكcommonality جعلposited
فليس فيه اشتراك جعل
distinct in essence from all else,
Distinguished from others essentially
so no commonality has been posited in it,
Then there is no sharing in it, imagine
نقولwe say لاno جنسgenus فالوجودso existence الthe
نقول لا جنس فالوجود ال
مرادintended جزئيْparticular وليسand is not كليuniversal
مراد جزئيْ وليس كلي
we say: it is no genus; so the existence
We say, no genus, so existence is not
intended is particular, not universal,
Intended as partial, nor universal
خلافcontrary to ماwhat حررواthey formulated وقالواand said
خلاف ما حرروا وقالوا
فيin حكمthe ruling of قانونthe canon of علمthe science of شكلform
في حكم قانون علم شكل
contrary to what they formulated and said
Contrary to what they analyzed and said
in the ruling of the canon of the science of form.
In the judgment of the canon of the image of knowledge
أوor قلتyou say إنthat الوجودexistence غيرother than الthe
أو قلت إن الوجود غير ال
موجودexistent والغيرand the other غيرnot أصلa foundation
موجود والغير غير أصل
Or if you say that existence is other than the
Or you said that existence is other than
existent, and the other is no foundation
The existent, and the other is other than origin
طراًaltogether علىupon الشيءthe thing وهوwhile it is لاno شيthing (continued)
طراً على الشيء وهو لا شي
ءcompletion of 'thing' صارbecame نعتاًan attribute لهof it يجليmakes manifest
ء صار نعتاً له يجلي
at all—upon the thing, while it is no
Extraneous upon a thing and it is not a thing
thing, it became an attribute making it manifest—
It became an attribute to it that manifests
بمنin what ترىdo you see النعتthe attribute قائمsubsisting والwhile the
بمن ترى النعت قائم وال
منعوتdescribed thing لاno شيءthing فاستمعso listen ليto me
منعوت لا شيء فاستمع لي
in what do you see the attribute subsisting, while the
With whom do you see the attribute existing and the
thing described is nothing? Then listen to me.
Attributed is nothing, so listen to me
وهلand can تقومsubsist النعوتthe attributes يوماًever
وهل تقوم النعوت يوماً
بغيرwithout أشياthings ولاand without محلa locus
بغير أشيا ولا محل
And can attributes ever subsist
And do attributes ever stand
without things and without a locus?
Without things and loci?
هذاthis سؤالa question علىaddressed to عقولminds
هذا سؤال على عقول
أتىcame بعلمwith knowledge ونفيand the removal of جهلignorance
أتى بعلم ونفي جهل
This is a question addressed to minds,
This is a question upon minds
bringing knowledge and dispelling ignorance.
That came with knowledge and denial of ignorance
فإنso if تكنyou are عالماlearned فحققthen examine closely
فإن تكن عالما فحقق
جوانباًaspects ياO أجلَّmost esteemed خِلِّfriend
جوانباً يا أجلَّ خِلِّ
So if you are learned, examine closely
So if you are a knower, then investigate
its aspects, O most esteemed friend.
Aspects, O most venerable adept
Sol 6.1