غصنa bough بانa bān tree فوقهabove it البدرthe full moon بداappeared
غصن بان فوقه البدر بدا
أمor غزالa gazelle راحset out يغزوto assail أسداa lion
أم غزال راح يغزو أسدا
A bān bough, above which the full moon appeared—
A branch whereabove the full moon shone
or a gazelle that set out to assail a lion?
Or a gazelle gone to attack a lion
أمor مليحa beauty يتثنىsways مرحاًmerrily
أم مليح يتثنى مرحاً
حيثwhere أضحىbecame بالبهاin splendor منفرداunrivaled
حيث أضحى بالبها منفردا
Or a beauty swaying merrily,
Or a beautiful one bending playfully
having become unrivaled in splendor?
Where he became alone in the wilderness
صنمthe idol الحسنof beauty الذيwhom لمdid not يرهsee him
صنم الحسن الذي لم يره
عاشقa lover إلاexcept لهto him قدindeed عبداworshipped
عاشق إلا له قد عبدا
The idol of beauty, whom no
The idol of beauty none has seen
lover has seen without worshipping him.
Except as a lover he worshipped
ياoh! لهfor him! بحرa sea جمالof beauty عطفهhis flank
يا له بحر جمال عطفه
موجهits waves بالجسمover the body يرميcast زبداfoam
موجه بالجسم يرمي زبدا
What a sea of beauty his flank is!
O the sea of his beauty's charm
Its waves cast foam over the body.
Its waves in the body cast forth foam
نارthe fire خديهof his cheeks مجوسيa Magian الهوىof love
نار خديه مجوسي الهوى
ماnot رآهاsaw it قطever إلاexcept سجداprostrated himself
ما رآها قط إلا سجدا
The fire of his cheeks—a Magian of love
The fire of his cheeks makes lovers
has never seen it without prostrating himself.
None saw it except bowing down
وإذاand whenever ماever (emphasis) ظهرتappeared منfrom وجههhis face
وإذا ما ظهرت من وجهه
حضرةthe presence الغيبof the Unseen طلبناwe sought المدداaid
حضرة الغيب طلبنا المددا
And whenever from his face there appears
And when from his face appeared
the presence of the Unseen, we seek aid.
The unseen's presence we sought help
صارbecame جهليmy ignorance غيرهof other than him معرفةknowledge
صار جهلي غيره معرفة
صارbecame غييmy waywardness وضلاليand my wandering رشداright guidance
صار غيي وضلالي رشدا
My ignorance of all but him became knowledge;
My ignorance became through him knowledge
my waywardness and wandering became right guidance.
My loss and misguidance became guidance
آهah! منat قسوتهhis harshness معdespite شغفيmy ardor
آه من قسوته مع شغفي
فيin هواهlove for him وهوىand love of الغيدgraceful beauties ردىdeath
في هواه وهوى الغيد ردى
Ah, his harshness, despite my ardor
Alas his harshness despite my passion
in loving him—and love of graceful beauties is death!
For his love though love destroyed me
قلتI said ياO مولايmy master جُدْgrant generously ليto me كرماًgraciously
قلت يا مولاي جُدْ لي كرماً
بوصالwith union قالhe said لاno لاno أبداever
بوصال قال لا لا أبدا
I said, “My master, graciously grant me
I said O my Master show me generosity
union.” He said, “No, no, never.”
With union; he said no, never
قلتI said فالوعدthen a promise بهof it تسليةconsolation
قلت فالوعد به تسلية
قالhe said يحتاجneeds to يفيfulfill منwhoever وعداpromised
قال يحتاج يفي من وعدا
I said, “Then a promise of it would console me.”
I said then promise it as consolation
He said, “Whoever promises must fulfill it.”
He said one needing to fulfill a promise
قلتI said فاسمحthen allow بخيالa dream-image فيin الكرىsleep
قلت فاسمح بخيال في الكرى
قالhe said ليto me ماnot لكyours طرفan eye رقداslept
قال لي ما لك طرف رقدا
I said, “Then grant me a dream-image in sleep.”
I said so allow me fantasy in yearning
He said to me, “No eye of yours has slept.”
He said you have no sleep of eye
قلتI said ماwhat تفعلwill you do بيwith me حينئذthen
قلت ما تفعل بي حينئذ
قالhe said ماwhat أختارهI choose it طولthroughout المدىtime
قال ما أختاره طول المدى
I said, “What will you do with me, then?”
I said what will you do with me then
He said, “Whatever I choose, for all time.”
He said what I choose for long
قلتI said خذtake روحيmy soul فقالthen he said الروحthe soul ليis mine
قلت خذ روحي فقال الروح لي
خلabandon دعواهاthe claim to it وهاتand bring الجسداthe body
خل دعواها وهات الجسدا
I said, “Take my soul.” He said, “The soul is mine;
I said take my soul; he said the soul is mine
abandon your claim to it, and bring the body.
Leave its claim and bring the body
واتركand leave الأمرthe matter إلىto مالكهits owner
واترك الأمر إلى مالكه
إنindeed للمحبوبfor the beloved فيin الحبlove يداa hand; power
إن للمحبوب في الحب يدا
And leave the matter to its owner,
And leave the matter to its Master
for the beloved has the upper hand in love.”
For the beloved in love has a hand
كلeveryone منwho يعشقloves وجهاًa face حسناًbeautiful
كل من يعشق وجهاً حسناً
لاnot يرىsees إلاexcept البلاaffliction والنكداand misery
لا يرى إلا البلا والنكدا
Everyone who loves a beautiful face
All who love a beautiful face
sees only affliction and misery.
See nothing but misery and sorrow
فاصطبرso endure إنif شئتyou wish أوor شئتyou wish فمتthen die
فاصطبر إن شئت أو شئت فمت
كمhow many عليناover us ذابmelted جلدa stalwart جلداendurance
كم علينا ذاب جلد جلدا
So endure, if you wish; or, if you wish, die.
So be patient if you wish or die if you wish
How many a stalwart's endurance has melted over us!
How many before us melted skin by skin
أناI am موسىMoses العشقof love ربيmy Lord أرنيshow me
أنا موسى العشق ربي أرني
بكthrough You أنthat أنظرI may behold ظبياًa gazelle شرداthat fled
بك أن أنظر ظبياً شردا
I am the Moses of love: “My Lord, let me see,
I am Moses, love is my Lord show me
through You, that I may behold a gazelle that fled.”
Through you that I may see a startled fawn
لاحshone ليfor me جمرan ember علىupon وجنتهhis cheek
لاح لي جمر على وجنته
كلماwhenever أدنوI draw near إليهto him بعداhe grew distant
كلما أدنو إليه بعدا
An ember shone for me upon his cheek;
The embers blazed on his cheek
whenever I draw near to him, he moves away.
The nearer I drew the further they seemed
فلعلّيso perhaps I منهfrom him ألقىmay find قبساًa firebrand
فلعلّي منه ألقى قبساً
أوor يرىmay see قلبيmy heart علىat النارthe fire هدىguidance
أو يرى قلبي على النار هدى
Perhaps I may find a firebrand from him,
Perhaps from it I may catch a spark
or my heart may see guidance at the fire.
Or my heart may see guidance in the fire
قمrise تأملponder أيهاO الغافلheedless one لمdid not
قم تأمل أيها الغافل لم
يخلقcreate الرحمنthe Merciful ذاthis الحسنbeauty سُدىin vain
يخلق الرحمن ذا الحسن سُدى
Rise and ponder, heedless one: it was not
Arise, reflect O heedless one, for
in vain that the Merciful created this beauty.
The Merciful did not create this beauty in vain
وتعرضand offer yourself لهواهto his love فلقدfor indeed
وتعرض لهواه فلقد
جاءcame منfrom ناحيةthe direction of السترthe veil نِداa call
جاء من ناحية الستر نِدا
And offer yourself to his love, for indeed
And expose yourself to his love for he
a call has come from the direction of the veil.
Came from the side of mystery softly
وإذاand if لامكreproaches you منsomeone who ليسthere is not لهfor him
وإذا لامك من ليس له
نظرinsight فاخربthen lay waste عليهagainst him البلداthe town
نظر فاخرب عليه البلدا
And if someone reproaches you who has no
And if one without insight blames you
insight, lay his town waste.
Then ruin the country upon him
أينhow far أهلthe people of اللومblame منfrom أهلthe people of الهوىlove
أين أهل اللوم من أهل الهوى
ماnot المحبونthe lovers يساوونequal العداthe enemies
ما المحبون يساوون العدا
How far the people of blame are from the people of love!
Where are the blamers from the lovers?
Lovers are not the equals of their enemies.
The lovers are not equal to the hostile
كلماwhenever أرشفmakes sip سمعيmy hearing عاذليmy reproacher
كلما أرشف سمعي عاذلي
مرَّthe bitterness لوميof reproaching me زدتI grew فيin الحبlove صدىin thirst
مرَّ لومي زدت في الحب صدى
Whenever my reproacher makes my hearing sip
Whenever my hearing was pierced by my critic
the bitterness of blaming me, I grow thirstier in love.
My blame increased the echo of love
فكأنso it is as though العذلreproach منهfrom him طلبsought
فكأن العذل منه طلب
لهياميfor my infatuation بلسانthrough a tongue عقداa bond
لهيامي بلسان عقدا
So it is as though his reproach sought
So it was as if he sought from blame
a bond for my passion through his tongue.
My infatuation by tongue's knot
أيريدdoes he wish الغرthe naive man أنto يصلحmend منin
أيريد الغر أن يصلح من
حالthe state of أهلthe people of العشقlove ماwhat قدhas فسداgone awry
حال أهل العشق ما قد فسدا
Does the naive man wish to mend, in
Does the fool wish to reform what
the lovers' condition, what has gone awry?
The state of love's people has corrupted?
إنماonly أهلthe people of الهوىlove مرآتهhis mirror
إنما أهل الهوى مرآته
وهوand he فيهمin them حالهhis state قدindeed شهداwitnessed
وهو فيهم حاله قد شهدا
The people of love are only his mirror;
But the people of love, he is their mirror
and in them he has witnessed his own state.
And he in them, his state witnessed
ثمthen لماwhen أشكلbecame obscure الأمرthe matter رمىassailed
ثم لما أشكل الأمر رمى
نفسهhimself منout of جهلهhis ignorance وانتقداand criticized
نفسه من جهله وانتقدا
Then, when the matter baffled him, he assailed
Then when the matter became difficult he threw
himself out of ignorance, and found fault.
Himself from his ignorance and criticized
وادعىand he claimed العشقlove فلمso did not يحصلmaterialize لهfor him
وادعى العشق فلم يحصل له
وعلىand against أهلthe people of الهوىlove قدindeed حقداbore a grudge
وعلى أهل الهوى قد حقدا
He claimed love, yet never attained it,
And claimed love though he did not obtain it
and bore a grudge against the people of love.
And was envious of love's people
قامset about فيهin it يكثرmultiplying اللومblame لهمtoward them
قام فيه يكثر اللوم لهم
أوَلَمْand did he not يخشfear الإلهGod الصمداthe Self-Sufficient
أوَلَمْ يخش الإله الصمدا
He set about heaping blame on them for it;
He stood therein frequently blaming them
did he not fear God, the Self-Sufficient?
Has he not feared God the Eternal?
هبهsuppose that he لاnot يعرفknows لذَّاتِthe pleasures of الهوىlove
هبه لا يعرف لذَّاتِ الهوى
حسنthe beauty of محبوبthe beloved of فؤاديmy heart حجداdenied (likely جحدا)
حسن محبوب فؤادي حجدا
Suppose he knows nothing of love's pleasures—
He who does not know the pleasures of love
yet he denied the beauty of my heart's beloved.
The beauty of my heart's beloved is unpolished
إنindeed قلبيmy heart اليومtoday فيin أسرthe captivity of رشاa fawn
إن قلبي اليوم في أسر رشا
لاnot يرىsees للقتلfor killing عشقاًout of love قوداretaliation
لا يرى للقتل عشقاً قودا
Today my heart is captive to a fawn
Now my heart is captive to a fawn
who sees no retaliation due for killing out of love.
Who sees no compassion in killing for love
وجههhis face الجنةParadise فيin أعينناour eyes
وجهه الجنة في أعيننا
خدهhis cheek النارthe fire بقلبيin my heart وقداblazed
خده النار بقلبي وقدا
His face is Paradise in our eyes;
His face paradise in our eyes
his cheek is the fire that has blazed in my heart.
His cheek fire in my heart and stake
لمnot يزلcease يجفوshunning وأبليتand I wore out علىfor
لم يزل يجفو وأبليت على
حبهlove for him أثوابthe garments of عمريmy life الجدداthe new ones
حبه أثواب عمري الجددا
He has never ceased shunning me, and I have worn out for
He did not cease to spurn me and I wore out
his love the new garments of my life.
Upon his love my life's new clothes
ولكمand how often أفنيتI wasted away جسميmy body سقماًwith sickness
ولكم أفنيت جسمي سقماً
وتنفستand I breathed عليهover him الصُعَداdeep sighs
وتنفست عليه الصُعَدا
How often I have wasted my body with sickness,
And how I wasted my body in sickness
and breathed deep sighs over him.
And climbed the rugged hills in passion
وإذاand if فيin حبهlove for him متI die فقدthen indeed
وإذا في حبه مت فقد
عشتI lived بعدafter الموتdeath عيشthe life of السُعَداthe blessed
عشت بعد الموت عيش السُعَدا
And if I die in his love, then surely
And if in his love I die then I
I shall live after death the life of the blessed.
Lived after death the life of the happy
ياah! سقىmay water اللهGod زماناa time بالحمىin the protected pasture
يا سقى الله زمانا بالحمى
ورعىand may preserve بالشعبin the ravine عيشاًa life رغداof ease
ورعى بالشعب عيشاً رغدا
Ah, may God water a time in the protected pasture,
O may God water an era with love
and preserve a life of ease in the ravine.
And nurture life with the loved one in plenty
طالماhow long كنتI was بهin it طوعobedient to هوىpassion
طالما كنت به طوع هوى
لمdid not أخفI fear فيin نهبplundering وقتيmy time أحداanyone
لم أخف في نهب وقتي أحدا
How long I lived there at passion's command,
Long have I been obedient to love's passion
fearing no one as I plundered my time!
Fearing none in wasting my time
حيثwhere غزلانthe gazelles of النقاthe dunes قدhad أنستgrown at ease
حيث غزلان النقا قد أنست
بيwith me وبعدand after المنعrefusal أولتنيgranted me نداbounty
بي وبعد المنع أولتني ندا
Where the gazelles of the dunes grew at ease
Where the delicate gazelles distracted me
with me, and after refusal bestowed bounty on me;
And after refusal showed me friendship
وكحلتand I applied kohl العينthe eye بالعينwith the eye وماand not
وكحلت العين بالعين وما
بعدهاafter it عدتI again شكوتcomplained of الرمداeye inflammation
بعدها عدت شكوت الرمدا
and I kohled my eye with the eye, and never
And kohl was blended with eye
afterward did I again complain of sore eyes.
And after it I never complained of rheum
حيثwhere أقمارthe moons of البهاsplendor طالعةrising
حيث أقمار البها طالعة
تتجلىreveal themselves ولهاand for them الروحthe soul فداa ransom
تتجلى ولها الروح فدا
Where the moons of splendor were rising,
Where the moons of beauty rose
revealing themselves, with the soul their ransom;
Shining and for them my soul is ransom
وغصونand the boughs of البانthe bān tree لماwhen انعطفتbent
وغصون البان لما انعطفت
طائرthe bird of القلبthe heart عليهنupon them شداsang
طائر القلب عليهن شدا
and when the bān boughs bent,
And the boughs of delight bent
the bird of the heart sang upon them.
So the bird of heart rushed to them
حيثwhere وجهthe face of السعدgood fortune فيناamong us مقبلapproaching
حيث وجه السعد فينا مقبل
بالهناwith bliss والهمand sorrow عناfrom us طرداwas banished
بالهنا والهم عنا طردا
Where the face of good fortune came among us
Where the face of bliss turned to us
with bliss, and sorrow was banished from us;
Driving away care and grief from us
وكؤسand the cups of الأنسcompanionship بالقومamong the company صفتbecame clear
وكؤس الأنس بالقوم صفت
وبناand with us الوردthe rose إليهto him ورداarrived
وبنا الورد إليه وردا
and the cups of companionship grew clear among the company,
And cups of companionship were passed round
and with us the rose came to him.
And by us roses were offered as gifts
فيin رياضgardens ضحكlaughed الزهرthe blossoms بهاin them
في رياض ضحك الزهر بها
كلماwhenever السحبthe clouds بكتwept قطرdrops of النداdew
كلما السحب بكت قطر الندا
In gardens where the blossoms laughed
In gardens laughing with flowers
whenever the clouds wept drops of dew.
Whenever the clouds wept, it dripped sap
هزتshook النسمةthe breeze منsome of أغصانهاtheir branches
هزت النسمة من أغصانها
حينwhen جَلَّتْهاit revealed them قناًspears مرتعداtrembling
حين جَلَّتْها قناً مرتعدا
The breeze shook some of their boughs,
The breeze shook from its boughs
as it revealed them as trembling spears.
When it stirred them, quivering
فلهذاso for this كبَّرproclaimed God's greatness الطيرُthe birds وقدand already
فلهذا كبَّر الطيرُ وقد
لبسput on النهرthe river عليهاover them زرداchain mail
لبس النهر عليها زردا
So the birds proclaimed God's greatness, while
For this the birds grew great and the stream
the river had donned chain mail across them.
Wore emerald on account of them
والصباand the east wind يذكرناreminds us عهدthe time of الصباyouth
والصبا يذكرنا عهد الصبا
ليتwould that ماwhat بالأمسyesterday ليwas mine كانwere غداtomorrow
ليت ما بالأمس لي كان غدا
And the east wind reminds us of youth's days—
And the morning breeze reminds us of youth's time
would that what I had yesterday were tomorrow!
Would that yesterday for me were tomorrow
ليتwould that لوif جادbestowed generously زمانيmy time بالذيwith what
ليت لو جاد زماني بالذي
كانwas منهfrom it قبلbefore ذاthis قدalready عهداknown
كان منه قبل ذا قد عهدا
Would that my days bestowed what
Would that time's rain returned with what
had been known of them before now!
It had before this, I knew
ياO أصيحابيmy dear companions بأكنافaround the sides of الحمىthe protected pasture
يا أصيحابي بأكناف الحمى
عللانيconsole me, you two إنfor indeed صبريmy patience فقداwas lost
عللاني إن صبري فقدا
O my dear companions around the protected pasture,
O friends in the battlefields of love
you two, console me, for my patience is gone.
Help me if my patience is lost
واذكراand recall, you two ليto me سنداًa support أعرفهI know it
واذكرا لي سنداً أعرفه
لستI do not ألقىfind ليfor myself سواءan equal سنداas a support
لست ألقى لي سواء سندا
And remind me of a support I know;
And recall for me a support I know
I find no support for myself to equal it.
I find no equal support
نفدran out الدمعtears علىover جفوتهhis coldness
نفد الدمع على جفوته
واشتياقيand my longing والجوىand heartache ماnot نفداran out
واشتياقي والجوى ما نفدا
Tears have run dry over his coldness,
My tears ran out from his disdain
and my longing and heartache have not run dry.
And my longing while the coals lasted not
هوhe فيin القلبthe heart مقيمdwelling بلrather أناI
هو في القلب مقيم بل أنا
هوhe لاno بلrather هوhe دونيwithout me وجداwas found
هو لا بل هو دوني وجدا
He dwells within the heart—rather, I
He dwells in the heart, rather I
am he; no, rather, he exists without me.
Am he, no but he, besides me he was
كذبlied القائلthe speaker قدindeed حلdwelt بهin him
كذب القائل قد حل به
والذيand the one who قدindeed قالsaid فيهof him اتحداbecame one
والذي قد قال فيه اتحدا
The one who said, “He has indwelt him,” lied,
The speaker erred who said he changed
as did the one who said of him, “He became one.”
And the one who said we united
إنماonly المعشوقthe beloved موجودexistent ولاand no
إنما المعشوق موجود ولا
عاشقlover غيرexcept التباسan ambiguity قصداintended
عاشق غير التباس قصدا
Only the beloved exists; there is no
But the beloved exists and no
lover, save an intended ambiguity.
Lover besides mistaken purpose
ليI have هوىa love بالشعبin the ravine منof كاظمةKāẓimah
لي هوى بالشعب من كاظمة
ساكنdwelling هذاthis الحشىinner breast والكبداand the liver
ساكن هذا الحشى والكبدا
I have a love in the ravine of Kāẓimah,
I have a secret love in Kadhima
dwelling in this breast and liver.
Resident in this breast and liver
وأناand I اليومtoday بهfor it مشتهرrenowned
وأنا اليوم به مشتهر
فليمتso let die ضديmy adversary ويبلىand waste away حسداfrom envy
فليمت ضدي ويبلى حسدا
And today I am renowned for it;
And today through him I am known
let my adversary die and waste away with envy!
So let my foe perish and fret with envy
أناI am مفتيthe mufti of العشقlove منwhoever يسألنيasks me
أنا مفتي العشق من يسألني
عنabout هواهhis love يلقنيfinds me مجتهداexercising independent judgment
عن هواه يلقني مجتهدا
I am love's mufti: whoever asks me
I am love's scholar, whoever asks me
about his love will find me exercising independent judgment.
About his love, finds me studious
أناI am قاضيthe judge of شرعthe law of أربابthe lords of الهوىlove
أنا قاضي شرع أرباب الهوى
كلevery حكمruling بينهمamong them ليof mine حمداwas praised
كل حكم بينهم لي حمدا
I am the judge of the law of the lords of love;
I am the judge of lovers' canon
every ruling of mine among them has been praised.
Every rule between them is my praise
فالذيso the one who أمنعهI refuse him يشقىis wretched ومنand the one who
فالذي أمنعه يشقى ومن
أجعلI assign الحقthe right لهto him قدindeed سعداbecame happy
أجعل الحق له قد سعدا
So the one I refuse is wretched, and the one
So he whom I forbid suffers, and he
I award the right to has found happiness.
To whom I give right is fortunate
غيرexcept أنيthat I فيamong أناسpeople جهلواdid not know
غير أني في أناس جهلوا
ماwhat أناI فيin شأنهits concern والجهلand ignorance داa disease
ما أنا في شأنه والجهل دا
But I am among people who do not know
Except that I am with people ignorant
what occupies me—and ignorance is a disease.
Of my matter, and ignorance is an enemy
Sol 6.1