لاno مِرَيةٌdoubt فيabout الردَىdeath ولاand no جدَلُdispute
لا مِرَيةٌ في الردَى ولا جدَلُ
العمرlife دَيْنٌa debt قضاؤهits repayment ألأجلُthe appointed end
العمر دَيْنٌ قضاؤه ألأجلُ
There is no doubt about death, nor any dispute.
No doubt in ruin, no dispute,
Life is a debt; its repayment is the appointed end.
Life is a debt, its term is fixed.
للمرءfor a person فيin حتفِdeath أنِفهhis nose (idiom: natural death) شُغُلٌpreoccupation
للمرء في حتفِ أنِفه شُغُلٌ
فماso what تريدseek السيوفthe swords والأسلُand the spears
فما تريد السيوف والأسلُ
A man has enough to face in dying a natural death;
Man is preoccupied with his own death,
what, then, do swords and spears seek?
Why long for swords and weapons?
يَفرِىit cleaves الدجىَdarkness والضّحىand daylight بأسلحةٍwith weapons
يَفرِى الدجىَ والضّحى بأسلحةٍ
سِيّانِalike فيهاagainst them الدروعُthe armor والحُلَلُand the robes
سِيّانِ فيها الدروعُ والحُلَلُ
It cleaves darkness and daylight with weapons
Darkness and daylight brandish weapons
against which armor and robes are alike.
In which armors and robes are equal.
فأنجمُthus the stars الليلof night كالأسنةِlike spearheads والصُّand the morning (first part)
فأنجمُ الليل كالأسنةِ والصُّ
بحُmorning (completion) حسامٌa sword لهfor it الورىhumankind خِلَلُscabbards
بحُ حسامٌ له الورى خِلَلُ
Thus the stars of night are like spearheads, and the
So the stars of night are like unsheathed swords
morning is a sword, with humankind as its scabbards.
And the dawn a sword whose blaze has no scabbard,
ياoh ليتwould that عمرَthe life of الفتىthe young man يُمَدُّwere prolonged لهfor him
يا ليت عمرَ الفتى يُمَدُّ له
ماas long as امتدّextends منهfrom him الرجاءُhope والأملُand aspiration
ما امتدّ منه الرجاءُ والأملُ
Would that a young man's life were prolonged for him
If only the life of a young man could be extended
as long as his hopes and aspirations extend.
As long as his hopes and dreams extend!
مواردٌwatering places هذهthis الحياةُlife وماand not
مواردٌ هذه الحياةُ وما
نصدُرُwe leave the water عنهاfrom them إلاّexcept بناwithin us غُلَلُburning thirst
نصدُرُ عنها إلاّ بنا غُلَلُ
This life consists of watering places, and we do not
These are the watering places of life, and we
leave them except with thirst still within us.
Depart from them burdened only with shackles.
نكرَعُwe drink فيin حَوضهاits pool ونحنwhile we كماlike
نكرَعُ في حَوضها ونحن كما
تُذادare driven away منfrom بَعدafter خمسهاtheir five-day watering interval الإبلُthe camels
تُذاد من بَعد خمسها الإبلُ
We drink from its pool, yet we are like
We kneel to drink from its basin, and we are like
camels driven away after their five-day watering interval.
Camels driven away after being let loose to graze.
كأسٌa cup أدرَّتpoured freely علىdespite لذاذتهاits sweetness
كأسٌ أدرَّت على لذاذتها
عُدّلwere balanced equally فيهاwithin it الزُّعافُdeadly poison والعسلُand honey
عُدّل فيها الزُّعافُ والعسلُ
A cup that pours freely, for all its sweetness:
A cup that has poured out its pleasures,
deadly poison and honey are balanced equally within it.
In which pure wine and honey mix.
كلٌّeveryone إلىto غايةٍan end يصيرcomes ولاand no
كلٌّ إلى غايةٍ يصير ولا
تمييزَdistinction إلاexcept الإسراعُhaste والمَهَلُand delay
تمييزَ إلا الإسراعُ والمَهَلُ
Everyone comes to an end, and there is no
Each person ends up somewhere, the only difference
distinction except haste and delay.
Is in speed and delays along the way.
والناسُand the people ركبٌa mounted caravan يَهووْنlove حثَّهمُurging them onward
والناسُ ركبٌ يَهووْن حثَّهمُ
ولاand not يُسَرُّونare pleased أنّهمthat they نزلواhave dismounted
ولا يُسَرُّون أنّهم نزلوا
People are a caravan who love being urged onward,
People are riders urged onward,
yet are not glad when they have dismounted.
Not happy until they have dismounted.
وسوفَand soon تُطوَىwill be folded away مسافةٌa distance ذَمَلتْtrotted
وسوفَ تُطوَى مسافةٌ ذَمَلتْ
بقاطعيهاbearing those who traverse it ركائبٌriding mounts ذُلُلُdocile
بقاطعيها ركائبٌ ذُلُلُ
And soon a distance will be folded away, along which have trotted
A journey will be completed, though long,
docile mounts bearing those who traverse it.
By riders made weary and miserable.
كيفhow يَعُدُّcan regard الدنياthe world لهfor himself وطناa homeland
كيف يَعُدُّ الدنيا له وطنا
منone who هوhe ينأَىdraws away عنهاfrom it وينتقلُand departs
من هو ينأَى عنها وينتقلُ
How can he regard this world as his homeland,
How can one count the world his homeland
who draws away from it and departs?
When he shuns it and departs?
نسْخواwe are lavish بأعمارناwith our lives ونبخلand we are stingy بالwith the
نسْخوا بأعمارنا ونبخل بال
مالwealth فتَبَّso perish السخاءُgenerosity والبَخَلُand stinginess
مال فتَبَّ السخاءُ والبَخَلُ
We are lavish with our lives, yet miserly with
We copied our lifetimes and were stingy with
wealth—perish both generosity and stinginess!
Wealth, so generosity and stinginess were confused.
ونبتغىand we seek البرءَhealing منfrom one who يُسرعhastens السُّthe sickness (first part)
ونبتغى البرءَ من يُسرع السُّ
قمُsickness (completion) إليهtoward him وتَصرعَand strike down العِللُailments
قمُ إليه وتَصرعَ العِللُ
We seek healing from one toward whom
We seek exoneration from one who quickly
sickness hastens, and whom ailments strike down.
Answers us, and illness is vanquished.
أضاعwasted his efforts راقيthe incantation-healer of الداءِthe disease العضالِincurable كماjust as
أضاع راقي الداءِ العضالِ كما
ضُيِّعwas wasted فيin سمعِthe hearing of عاشقٍa lover عذَلُreproach
ضُيِّع في سمعِ عاشقٍ عذَلُ
The incantation-healer of incurable disease wastes his efforts,
But he who carried the grievous, indelible illness lost it
as reproach is wasted on a lover's ear.
Just as a lover's scolding is lost on the lovesick fool.
ولوand if نجاescaped الهائبُthe fearful one الجبانُthe cowardly منfrom الthe
ولو نجا الهائبُ الجبانُ من ال
حتفdeath تحامىَwould shun إقدامَهhis daring البطلُthe hero
حتف تحامىَ إقدامَه البطلُ
And if the fearful coward could escape
If the coward flees his death,
death, the hero would shun his daring.
The brave man still meets his appointed time.
ماnot أسلمواthey surrendered هذهthese النفوسَsouls إلىto الthe
ما أسلموا هذه النفوسَ إلى ال
أجداثgraves إلاexcept إذwhen ضاقتfailed الحيلُthe stratagems
أجداث إلا إذ ضاقت الحيلُ
They did not surrender these souls to the
Only when free will fails
graves until all stratagems failed.
Are souls surrendered to predestined fates.
ضرورةٌan inevitability ذلَّتsubmitted القُرومُthe mighty chiefs لهاto it
ضرورةٌ ذلَّت القُرومُ لها
وقدand indeed تقودُcan lead المَصاعبَthe unruly camels الجُدُلُbraided ropes
وقد تقودُ المَصاعبَ الجُدُلُ
An inevitability before which mighty chiefs have bowed;
Necessity has humbled the dejected,
and braided ropes can lead even unruly camels.
And dialogue may lead to the unsolvable.
وخفَّفand eased الخطبَthe calamity بعدafter شدّتهits severity
وخفَّف الخطبَ بعد شدّته
أَنْthat كُلُّevery حىّliving being لأمِّهfor his mother الهَبَلُbereavement
أَنْ كُلُّ حىّ لأمِّه الهَبَلُ
What lightened the calamity after its severity
Hardship was eased after becoming severe,
was that every living being's mother faces bereavement.
For each living thing is confused for its mother.
ومنand from حِذارٍfear تبوّأَsettled in الكُديْةَthe rocky knoll الضthe lizard (first part)
ومن حِذارٍ تبوّأَ الكُديْةَ الض
بُّlizard (completion) وأوفىَand climbed فيon الشاهقِthe towering height الوَعِلُthe ibex
بُّ وأوفىَ في الشاهقِ الوَعِلُ
And from fear, the rocky knoll became home to the
And he who attained lofty glory avoided
lizard, and the ibex climbed the towering height.
Lowlands, while the high peaks submitted.
لاnot الجوّthe sky يُنجِىsaves الشغواءَthe hooked-beaked eagle حائمةًcircling
لا الجوّ يُنجِى الشغواءَ حائمةً
ولاnor سبوحٌa strong swimmer فيin لُجّةٍdeep water يئلُfinds refuge
ولا سبوحٌ في لُجّةٍ يئلُ
The sky cannot save the circling, hooked-beaked eagle,
Not even open air relieves the wandering madman,
nor can a strong swimmer find refuge in the deep.
Nor does swimming in deep water save a drowning man.
يُقتادُis led away فيin عزِّهits might الخُبَعْثِنةُthe mighty lion الضthe predatory (first part)
يُقتادُ في عزِّه الخُبَعْثِنةُ الض
ارِىpredatory (completion) ويُدهَىand is stricken فيin ذلّهits lowliness الجُعَلُthe dung beetle
ارِى ويُدهَى في ذلّه الجُعَلُ
Led away in all its might is the lion, the
The wretched lizard is led in its glory
predator; and the dung beetle is stricken in its lowliness.
And the colt is tamed in its humiliation.
والحافظوand the defenders of عَورِةthe vulnerable flank of العشيرةِthe clan للدّagainst Time (first part)
والحافظو عَورِة العشيرةِ للدّ
هرTime (completion) إذاwhen شنَّlaunches غارةًa raid عُزُلُunarmed
هر إذا شنَّ غارةً عُزُلُ
And the defenders of the clan's vulnerable flank, against
Those who guard the family's dignity are,
Time when it launches a raid, are unarmed.
When fate attacks, secluded.
أيّwhat ديارٍdwellings تُحمَىcan be defended وقدwhen indeed راعterrified تاcrown (Taj, first part)
أيّ ديارٍ تُحمَى وقد راع تا
جَcrown (Taj, completion) الدِّينal-Din ('the faith') خطبٌa calamity أنيابهُits fangs عُصُلُcrooked
جَ الدِّين خطبٌ أنيابهُ عُصُلُ
What dwelling can be defended, when Taj
What home is protected when the robes
al-Din has been terrified by a calamity with crooked fangs,
Of religion are torn by the fangs of a predator?
مستلِباsnatching away منfrom يديهhis two hands لؤلؤةَa pearl الthe
مستلِبا من يديه لؤلؤةَ ال
غوّاصِdiver أدنَىthe least of أصدافِهاits shells الكِلَلُcurtained canopies
غوّاصِ أدنَى أصدافِها الكِلَلُ
snatching from his hands the pearl of the
Snatching the pearl from the diver's hand,
diver, whose humblest shells are curtained canopies?
The oysters' shells are split open.
ماnot كانwas يُدرَىknown منfrom قبلِbefore ماwhen غرَبتْshe set
ما كان يُدرَى من قبلِ ما غرَبتْ
أنَّthat الثريّاthe Pleiades إلىto الثرىthe dust تصِلُreach
أنَّ الثريّا إلى الثرى تصِلُ
Before she set, it had not been known
We did not know before the sun set
that the Pleiades could reach the dust.
That the affluent would return to dirt.
ياoh بؤسwoe للنائباتto calamities كيفَhow أرتthey showed
يا بؤس للنائبات كيفَ أرت
أُخوّةthe kinship of الفرقديْنِthe two Farqad stars تنفصلُbreaking apart
أُخوّة الفرقديْنِ تنفصلُ
Woe to calamities! How they have shown
Oh what misery for the disasters! How
the kinship of the two Farqad stars breaking apart!
The Pleiades' companions are separated!
وإنand if عجِبناwe marvel منهاat it فلاthen no عجبٌwonder
وإن عجِبنا منها فلا عجبٌ
للشمسِfor the sun وارَىhid جبينَهاits brow الطَّفَلُdusk
للشمسِ وارَى جبينَها الطَّفَلُ
And if we marvel at it, there is nothing strange
If it astonishes us, no surprise—
in dusk veiling the brow of the sun.
The scab appears on the infant's forehead.
لمdid not يرتدput on a cloak المجدُglory إذwhen أصيبَwas stricken بهاby her loss
لم يرتد المجدُ إذ أصيبَ بها
ولاnor مشىwalked العزُّhonor وهوwhile it منتعلُwore shoes
ولا مشى العزُّ وهو منتعلُ
Glory wore no cloak when stricken by her loss,
Glory did not recoil when it was hit by this,
nor did honor walk with shoes on.
Nor did honor retreat though it stumbled.
سليلَةٌa female descendant منof سوابقforerunners دَرَجواpassed away
سليلَةٌ من سوابق دَرَجوا
أمامَهاbefore her فاستخفَّهاso it swept her away العجَلُhaste
أمامَها فاستخفَّها العجَلُ
A descendant of forerunners who passed away
A product of preceding nobility
before her, so haste swept her along,
Who walked ahead while the hasty belittled it.
منfrom الخدورِthe curtained chambers التيwhich بهاin them احتجبواthey secluded themselves
من الخدورِ التي بها احتجبوا
إلىto القبورthe graves التيwhich بهاin them نزلواthey came to dwell
إلى القبور التي بها نزلوا
from the curtained chambers where they secluded themselves
From the rooms in which they secluded themselves
to the graves where they came to dwell.
To the graves in which they settled.
تُنحرُare slaughtered فيin مكّةMecca العِشارُten-month-pregnant she-camels ولاbut not
تُنحرُ في مكّة العِشارُ ولا
تُنحرُare slaughtered إلاexcept عليهمin mourning for them المُقَلُeyes
تُنحرُ إلا عليهم المُقَلُ
In Mecca the pregnant she-camels are slaughtered, but
In Mecca the sacrificial camels are slaughtered,
eyes are slaughtered only in mourning for them.
But only the worn are slaughtered because of them.
مهلاgently فماfor not يربحgains الحزينُthe grieving one ولاnor
مهلا فما يربح الحزينُ ولا
يخشرُloses إلاexcept غناءَهhis singing الجَذِلُthe joyful one
يخشرُ إلا غناءَه الجَذِلُ
Gently: the grieving one gains nothing, nor
Gently! The grieving profits nothing,
does the joyful one lose anything but his song.
Nor does the desolate gain but by his own singing.
وهلand can يُردُّbring back الأحبابَthe loved ones إنif رحلواthey depart
وهل يُردُّ الأحبابَ إن رحلوا
علىto محبٍّa lover أنthat يُندَبbe mourned الطَلُلthe deserted campsite
على محبٍّ أن يُندَب الطَلُل
Can loved ones, once they have departed, be brought back
Can loved ones be brought back if they leave,
to a lover by mourning the deserted campsite?
By a lover who is censured for yearning?
حُوشيتَmay you be spared منfrom جلسةِa gathering of العزاءِcondolence وأنand that
حُوشيتَ من جلسةِ العزاءِ وأن
يُضربَbe cited فيin أسوةٍconsolation لكfor you المثلُan example
يُضربَ في أسوةٍ لك المثلُ
May you be spared the condolence gathering, and
You were forbidden from the condolence gathering and told:
having your case cited as an example to console others.
"He is made an example for you."
كمhow many قدindeed هَوَىfell منfrom سمائكمyour sky قمرٌa moon
كم قد هَوَى من سمائكم قمرٌ
وغارand sank فيinto الأرضِthe earth منكُمُof yours جبلُa mountain
وغار في الأرضِ منكُمُ جبلُ
How many a moon has fallen from your sky,
How many moons have set from your sky
and how many a mountain of yours has sunk into the earth!
And how many mountains sunk into your earth?
فماyet not سكبتمyou poured لهfor him ذنَوباa bucketful منof الدthe tears (first part)
فما سكبتم له ذنَوبا من الد
معtears (completion) ونارُand the fire of الأحزانsorrows تشتعلُblazes
مع ونارُ الأحزان تشتعلُ
Yet for him you poured no bucketful of
Yet you shed no remorseful tears,
tears, while the fire of sorrows blazed.
Though the fires of sorrow blaze.
ودّعتُموهyou bade him farewell كأنكمas though you شُمُتُwere gloaters
ودّعتُموه كأنكم شُمُتُ
أوor العِدَىthe enemies عنكُمُaway from you قدhad ارتحلواdeparted
أو العِدَى عنكُمُ قد ارتحلوا
You bade him farewell as though you were gloating,
You bade them farewell as if you perceived
or as though your enemies had departed from you.
That they had recovered and departed from you.
إذاwhen مَراثىelegies for أحبابكمyour loved ones تُليتْare recited
إذا مَراثى أحبابكم تُليتْ
سمعتموهاyou heard them كأنهاas though they were غَزلُlove poetry
سمعتموها كأنها غَزلُ
When elegies for your loved ones are recited,
When elegies for your loved ones are recited
you hear them as though they were love poetry.
You listen as if hearing love poems.
فليسso not ندرِىwe know منfrom صخرةٍa rock نُحتتْwere carved
فليس ندرِى من صخرةٍ نُحتتْ
قلوبُكمyour hearts أمor دموعُكمyour tears وَشَلُa scant trickle
قلوبُكم أم دموعُكم وَشَلُ
So we cannot tell whether from a rock were carved
We do not know if your hearts are carved
your hearts, or whether your tears are only a trickle.
From rock or shaped by your tears and sorrows!
وأنتمُand you هَجْمَةa large camel herd تقاربتِgrew close together الthe
وأنتمُ هَجْمَة تقاربتِ ال
أسنانُages (literally teeth) فيهاwithin it فكلُّهاso all of them بُزُلُfully mature camels
أسنانُ فيها فكلُّها بُزُلُ
And you are a great herd, close together in
You are a band brought close together,
age, all of them full-grown camels.
All grinding teeth, but with loosened bonds.
فظاعنٌso one departing عنكُمُfrom you لهfor him خَلَفٌa successor
فظاعنٌ عنكُمُ له خَلَفٌ
وذاهبٌand one going منكُمُfrom among you لهfor him بدلُa replacement
وذاهبٌ منكُمُ له بدلُ
Thus whoever departs from you has a successor,
One who turns from you will have a successor,
and whoever goes from among you has a replacement.
And one who leaves you will have a replacement.
للدهرTime has نُعمىa blessing ومنَّةٌand a favor ويدٌand a helping hand
للدهر نُعمى ومنَّةٌ ويدٌ
ماso long as قامstands فيamong الناسthe people منْكُمُfrom among you رجلُa man
ما قام في الناس منْكُمُ رجلُ
Time grants blessing, favor, and a helping hand,
Time is blind but has blessing and hand
so long as a man of yours stands among the people.
Outstretched, which no man among you became.