رَشاa young gazelle بطرفwith a gaze ناعسdrowsy وَسنانِsleep-heavy
رَشا بطرف ناعس وَسنانِ
يَسطوassails بأفتكwith something deadlier منthan ظَباًblade edges وَسنانِand a spearhead
يَسطو بأفتك من ظَباً وَسنانِ
A young gazelle with a drowsy, sleep-heavy gaze
With a sleepy, tender glance and teeth like pearls
assails with something deadlier than blade edges and a spearhead.
They ravage me more than a gazelle with pearls for teeth;
فتكتdealt a mortal blow لَواحظُهhis glances غداةon the morning of رَحيلهhis departure
فتكت لَواحظُه غداة رَحيله
يَومthe day of الوَداعfarewell بمهجتيto my lifeblood وَجنانيand my heart
يَوم الوَداع بمهجتي وَجناني
His glances dealt a mortal blow, the morning he departed,
When we parted, their glances stole my resolve
on the day of farewell, to my lifeblood and my heart.
On the day of farewell, and my mind and heart as well.
وَمِنand from المَحاجرthe eye sockets صارَbegan فيضthe flood of مَدامعيmy tears
وَمِن المَحاجر صارَ فيض مَدامعي
يَجريto flow عَلىover الخَدينboth cheeks فيin غدرانpools
يَجري عَلى الخَدين في غدران
And from my eye sockets the flood of my tears began
Then my tears flowed copiously from my eyelids,
to run down both cheeks in pools.
Streaming down my cheeks relentlessly.
فَأَذاعthen revealed سرّيmy secret فيin الهَوىlove بَعدafter الخَفاconcealment
فَأَذاع سرّي في الهَوى بَعد الخَفا
لَونٌa hue لهاتيكof those المَدامعtears قانيcrimson
لَونٌ لهاتيك المَدامع قاني
Then my secret in love, once hidden, was revealed
So my secret was spread among lovers after being hidden -
by the crimson hue of those tears.
The color of those tears betrayed me.
وَالجسمand the body أَصبَحbecame لاno خيالoutline لَهُof it يُرىis visible
وَالجسم أَصبَح لا خيال لَهُ يُرى
مِنfrom فَرطthe excess of ماwhat لاقىit endured مِنof الهجرانabandonment
مِن فَرط ما لاقى مِن الهجران
And my body no longer had any visible outline,
My body was rendered invisible -
from the severity of the abandonment it endured.
No image of it could be seen, such was my abandonment.
لَكنbut أَنينيmy groaning حينَwhen جدَّgrew severe بيwithin me الجَوىlove's anguish
لَكن أَنيني حينَ جدَّ بي الجَوى
دلled العَذولthe reproacher عَلىto خفيّhidden مَكانيmy whereabouts
دل العَذول عَلى خفيّ مَكاني
But my groaning, when love's anguish grew fierce within me,
But when the intensity of love gripped me,
led the reproacher to my hidden whereabouts.
My sighs revealed my hidden place.
فَاِختالthen strutted فيin حللrobes of المَسرةjoy وَاِشتَفىand sated his spite
فَاِختال في حلل المَسرة وَاِشتَفى
مِنيat my expense وَبالغand went to extremes فيin الأَذىtorment وَلحانيand rebuked me
مِني وَبالغ في الأَذى وَلحاني
Then he strutted in robes of joy and sated his spite
So they rejoiced, donned their festive attire, and drank
at my expense, went to extremes in torment, and rebuked me.
Deeply of me, exceeding in harm and injustice towards me.
وَعليّand upon me حرَّمhe forbade وَصلهunion with him وَأَتىand proceeded عَلىto
وَعليّ حرَّم وَصله وَأَتى عَلى
تَحليلdeclaring lawful نَقضthe breaking of العَهدthe pledge بِالبُرهانby proof
تَحليل نَقض العَهد بِالبُرهان
He forbade me union with him, and set about
And to me they denied even a greeting, arriving at
proving it lawful to break the pledge.
Permitting the breaking of vows with clear proofs.
ياoh وَيحهwoe to him أَيرومdoes he seek منيfrom me سَلوةforgetting love
يا وَيحه أَيروم مني سَلوة
حَيثwhen الأغنّthe nasal-voiced beloved أَطاعهobeyed him وَعَصانيand defied me
حَيث الأغنّ أَطاعه وَعَصاني
Woe to him! Does he want me to forget my love,
Woe to them - do they expect devotion from me
when the nasal-voiced beloved obeyed him and defied me?
When the unfaithful obey them and disobey me?
وَأَناand I الَّذيthe one who عَقدtied الغَرامُpassion ليfor me اللواthe banner
وَأَنا الَّذي عَقد الغَرامُ لي اللوا
وَإِلىand to جِهادbattle against العاذلينthe reproachers دَعانيsummoned me
وَإِلى جِهاد العاذلين دَعاني
Yet I am the one for whom passion raised the banner
Yet I was the one who tied the knot of love,
and summoned me to battle the reproachers.
And called them to battle the hostile.
فَطفقتso I began أَخترقbreaking through الصُفوفthe ranks وَأَصطَليand burning in
فَطفقت أَخترق الصُفوف وَأَصطَلي
نارthe fire of الغَضاghada wood فيin جَومةthe thick of الجولانthe wheeling fray
نار الغَضا في جَومة الجولان
So I began breaking through the ranks and burning in
So I began to penetrate the ranks and ignite
the fire of ghada wood in the thick of the wheeling fray,
The fires of anger in the battlefield of Golan.
حَتّىuntil هزمتI defeated لَدىduring النِزالcombat جُموعَهمtheir hosts
حَتّى هزمت لَدى النِزال جُموعَهم
بِالصَبرwith patience لاnot بمثقفٍwith a straightened spear وَيمانand a Yemeni sword
بِالصَبر لا بمثقفٍ وَيمان
until, in combat, I defeated their hosts
Until in battle I defeated their multitudes
with patience, not with a straightened spear and a Yemeni blade.
With patience, not with weapons and spears.
حاشاfar be it تلينshould soften مِنbecause of الصدودrejection شكيمتيmy bridle-bit
حاشا تلين مِن الصدود شكيمتي
أَوor يَلتويshould bend فيamid الحادِثاتcalamities عنانيmy reins
أَو يَلتوي في الحادِثات عناني
Never shall rejection soften my bridle-bit,
Far be it that my resolve should weaken before opponents,
or calamities twist my reins.
Or that my reins twist in tribulations!
وَالجَدand fortune أَسعدَbrought good fortune اللَياليthe nights سالمتmade peace
وَالجَد أَسعدَ اللَيالي سالمت
وَصَفاand grew serene بِنصرthrough the victory of العاشقينthe lovers زَمانيmy time
وَصَفا بِنصر العاشقين زَماني
Fortune favored me, and the nights made peace,
My seriousness has granted me the happiest nights in safety,
and my days grew serene through the lovers' victory.
And described my time as the victory of lovers.
لمwhy لاnot وَجَيشand the army of الجورoppression بُدِّدَwas dispersed شَملُهits gathered ranks
لم لا وَجَيش الجور بُدِّدَ شَملُه
بِالعَدلby justice منfrom حاميthe protector of حِمىthe sanctuary of الإِيمانfaith
بِالعَدل من حامي حِمى الإِيمان
Why not, when the ranks of oppression's army were dispersed
Why shouldn't the army of injustice be scattered
by justice from the guardian of faith's sanctuary,
By justice at the hands of the protector of the covenant of faith?
صَدرforemost of الصُدورdignitaries سَعيدٍSa'id الشَهمthe noble-hearted الَّذيwho
صَدر الصُدور سَعيدٍ الشَهم الَّذي
أَحياrevived مَعاهدabodes of ذمةpledged protection وَأَمانand safety
أَحيا مَعاهد ذمة وَأَمان
the foremost of dignitaries, gallant Sa'id, who
The happiest of hearts, the magnanimous one who revived
revived the havens of pledged protection and safety?
The pacts of protection and security.
عاليlofty in الذُرىsummits فيin عَصرهhis age فاقَsurpassed الوَرىmankind
عالي الذُرى في عَصره فاقَ الوَرى
وَسماand rose بهمتهthrough his ambition عَلىabove كيوانKaywan (Saturn)
وَسما بهمته عَلى كيوان
Lofty of summit, in his age he surpassed all mankind,
Sublime in his time, he surpassed mankind,
and through his ambition soared above Kaywan.
And soared with his ambition above the planets.
بطلa hero of الوَغىbattle وَمبيدand destroyer of مغرورan arrogant man طغىwho tyrannized
بطل الوَغى وَمبيد مغرور طغى
فيin فَيلقa legion مِنof عصبةa band of الشجعانbrave men
في فَيلق مِن عصبة الشجعان
A hero of battle, destroyer of an arrogant tyrant
Hero of struggles and destroyer of the arrogance of tyranny,
in a legion formed of a band of brave men;
Among a regiment of brave men.
لَيثa lion of الشَرىal-Shara وَمذلand humbler of كُلeveryone مَنwho اِفتَرىfabricated lies
لَيث الشَرى وَمذل كُل مَن اِفتَرى
وَمذيقهand making him taste فيin الخَطبadversity كَأسa cup of هَوانhumiliation
وَمذيقه في الخَطب كَأس هَوان
a lion of al-Shara, humbler of all who fabricate lies,
The lion of battle, who humiliated all who transgressed,
and making each taste, in adversity, a cup of humiliation;
And made them drink from the cup of humiliation in adversity.
غَيثlife-giving rain جَرىflowed فيthrough كُلevery وادvalley فازدرىthen scoffed
غَيث جَرى في كُل واد فازدرى
لِمَديدfor the vast reach of نيلthe Nile of نَداهhis bounty بِالطُوفانat the deluge
لِمَديد نيل نَداه بِالطُوفان
a life-giving rain that flowed through every valley and scoffed
A rain that flowed in every valley, scorning
at the deluge, so vast was the Nile of his bounty.
The extended flow of its Nile in the deluge.
وَروىand watered البِلادthe lands كَماas أَرادhe wished وَقَدand indeed كَساclothed
وَروى البِلاد كَما أَراد وَقَد كَسا
فيهاin them العِبادthe people مَلابسgarments of الرضوانcontentment
فيها العِباد مَلابس الرضوان
And he watered the lands as he wished, and clothed
He watered the lands as he wished, cloaking
the people there in garments of contentment.
The people in robes of blessing.
وَبنىand built القِلاعfortresses لحفظto safeguard مصرEgypt وَأَهلهاand its people
وَبنى القِلاع لحفظ مصر وَأَهلها
مِنfrom شرِّthe evil of حزبthe faction of الزيغdeviation وَالعُدوانand aggression
مِن شرِّ حزب الزيغ وَالعُدوان
He built fortresses to safeguard Egypt and its people
He built citadels to protect Egypt and its people
from the evil of the faction of deviation and aggression.
From the evil of the party of deviance and aggression.
وَرماهمُand fired at them منهاfrom them بِنارِwith the fire of مدافعٍcannons
وَرماهمُ منها بِنارِ مدافعٍ
هدمتdemolished أَساسthe foundation of الحيفinjustice وَالبُهتانand slander
هدمت أَساس الحيف وَالبُهتان
And from those fortresses he hurled cannon fire at them,
He bombarded them with the fire of cannons
which demolished the foundation of injustice and slander.
That demolished the foundations of wrongdoing and slander.
وَأَبادand annihilated بِالإقدامwith daring عِندَat هُجومهhis attack
وَأَباد بِالإقدام عِندَ هُجومه
فيin الحَربwar أَهلthe people of الغَيّerror وَالطُغيانand tyranny
في الحَرب أَهل الغَيّ وَالطُغيان
And with daring, when he attacked, he annihilated
With his valor in battle, he destroyed the people of corruption and oppression
in war the people of error and tyranny.
When attacking in war.
وَالجَيشand the army بَينbetween يَديهhis two hands فيin حملاتهhis campaigns
وَالجَيش بَين يَديه في حملاته
خاضplunged into العجاجthe battle-dust وَماجand surged فيin الميدانthe battlefield
خاض العجاج وَماج في الميدان
And the army, before him in his campaigns,
Before him, his army plunged into the turbulent fray
plunged into the battle-dust and surged across the field.
And surged on the battlefield.
وَتعوّدتand grew accustomed أَفرادهits soldiers يَومon the day of اللقاthe encounter
وَتعوّدت أَفراده يَوم اللقا
تَفريقdispersing جَمعthe gathered mass of كَتائبbattalions of الفُرسانhorsemen
تَفريق جَمع كَتائب الفُرسان
Its soldiers grew accustomed, on the day of encounter,
His soldiers grew accustomed, when meeting,
to scattering the massed battalions of horsemen.
To scattering the brigades of horsemen.
وَقَدand indeed اِستَقامstood firm عَلىon صِراطthe path of حَماسةvalor
وَقَد اِستَقام عَلى صِراط حَماسة
بِسياسةthrough statecraft وَرياسةand leadership وَبَيانand eloquence
بِسياسة وَرياسة وَبَيان
And he stood firm upon the path of valor,
Through governance, leadership, and eloquence, he followed
through statecraft, leadership, and eloquence.
The path of zeal straightforwardly.
وَعلاand rose high بِنَشرby spreading مَعارفlearning وَلَطائفand refinements
وَعلا بِنَشر مَعارف وَلَطائف
مَصرEgypt بِهاin them اِفتَخرتtook pride عَلىover البُلدانthe lands
مَصر بِها اِفتَخرت عَلى البُلدان
He rose high by spreading learning and refinements,
By disseminating knowledge and wonders,
in which Egypt took pride above other lands.
Egypt was honored above nations.
وَغَداand became جَديراًworthy بِالثناof praise فيin دَولةa state
وَغَدا جَديراً بِالثنا في دَولة
سادَتreigned supreme بِهِthrough him فيin أَبهَجthe most joyful of الأَزمانtimes
سادَت بِهِ في أَبهَج الأَزمان
And he became worthy of praise in a state
He became worthy of praise in a state
that, through him, reigned supreme in the most joyful of times.
That prospered in the most splendid times.
لاmay ... not زالَcease هَذاthis الداوريْsovereign فيin حكمهhis judgment
لا زالَ هَذا الداوريْ في حكمه
بِالحَقwith truth يَصدعcleaves كُلَّevery خصمadversary جانيguilty
بِالحَق يَصدع كُلَّ خصم جاني
May this ruler ever, in his judgment,
This just ruler still rules
cleave every guilty adversary with the truth,
Annulling every hostile adversary.
ماas long as هامroamed enraptured فيin واديthe valley of نَفيسِprecious مَديحِهpraise of him
ما هام في وادي نَفيسِ مَديحِه
قَلبيmy heart وَأَعربand gave voice عَنهُfor it فيهِin it لِسانيmy tongue
قَلبي وَأَعرب عَنهُ فيهِ لِساني
as long as, in the valley of his precious praise, there roams
My heart has not ceased praising his sublime merits,
my heart, and my tongue gives it voice there,
And my tongue expresses that in verse.
وَبحسنand with the beauty of سيرتهhis conduct تحلَّىwas adorned وَاِزدَهىand became splendid
وَبحسن سيرته تحلَّى وَاِزدَهى
بَينamong المَلاthe assembly فيin عصرهhis age دِيوانيmy collected verse
بَين المَلا في عصره دِيواني
and the beauty of his conduct adorns and lends splendor to
With his good conduct he was adorned and distinguished
my collected verse among the assembly, in his age.
Among the elite in his time.
فَسُطورهso its lines رُسِمتwere inscribed بصدرon the breast of طُروسهits pages
فَسُطوره رُسِمت بصدر طُروسه
كَقلائدٍlike necklaces نُظمتstrung مِنfrom العقيانpure gold
كَقلائدٍ نُظمت مِن العقيان
Thus its lines were inscribed upon the breast of its pages,
His lines were etched into his breast
like necklaces strung from pure gold.
Like necklaces strung with pearls.
وَثغورهand its mouths ابتسمتsmiled فَأَسفرthen disclosed برقُهاtheir lightning
وَثغوره ابتسمت فَأَسفر برقُها
عَنof حسنbeauty of أَسلوبstyle وَعَنand of تبيانclear exposition
عَن حسن أَسلوب وَعَن تبيان
And its mouths smiled; their lightning revealed
His cheeks smiled, and their lightning revealed
beauty of style and lucid exposition.
Eloquent style and clarity of exposition.
فَإذاthen when تلواthey recited مِنهُfrom it المَديحpraise بمحفلat a gathering
فَإذا تلوا مِنهُ المَديح بمحفل
قالواthey said وَقَدand having نظرواlooked إِلىat أَوزانيmy meters
قالوا وَقَد نظروا إِلى أَوزاني
Then, when they recited praise from it at a gathering,
When they recite his praises in an assembly
they said, having looked at my meters:
And look upon my verses, they say:
أَحسنتَyou excelled فيin مَدحpraising الخديويthe Khedive وَابنهand his son
أَحسنتَ في مَدح الخديوي وَابنه
وَأَبيهand his father وَالأَجنادand the troops وَالأَوطانand the homelands
وَأَبيه وَالأَجناد وَالأَوطان
“You have excelled in praising the Khedive and his son,
“You have excelled in praising the Khedive, his son,
and his father, the troops, and the homelands.
His father, the army, and the homeland.
وَلأنتَand indeed you أَبلغmost eloquent ناظمversifier متفننٍversatile
وَلأنتَ أَبلغ ناظم متفننٍ
شادَbuilt المَبانيedifices مِنfrom بَديعwondrous مَعانيmeanings
شادَ المَباني مِن بَديع مَعاني
And you are indeed the most eloquent, versatile versifier
You are the most eloquent of those who compose artfully,
to raise edifices from wondrous meanings.”
Constructing meanings from the most ingenious poetry.
أَوَand did ...? ماnot دَرواthey know أَنthat العَزيزthe exalted one أَمدّنيsupplied me
أَوَ ما دَروا أَن العَزيز أَمدّني
مِنfrom فَيضهhis abundance بِالفَضلwith favor وَالإِحسانand beneficence
مِن فَيضه بِالفَضل وَالإِحسان
And did they not know that the exalted one supplied me
Or do they not know that the Almighty helped me
from his abundance, with favor and beneficence,
With his grace and favor?”
وَأَزالand removed عَنfrom فهميmy understanding غَياهبَthe darkness of سقمهits illness
وَأَزال عَن فهمي غَياهبَ سقمه
بِضياءby the light of عقلٍa mind ماnot لَهُfor it مِنany ثانيequal
بِضياء عقلٍ ما لَهُ مِن ثاني
and dispelled from my understanding the darkness of its illness
He removed the clouds of sickness from my mind
by the light of a mind without equal?
With the illumination of a peerless intellect.
فَأَتيتso I brought فيماin what صغتهI fashioned it بفرائدwith rare jewels
فَأَتيت فيما صغته بفرائد
فيin نَظمِهاtheir arrangement تحكيresemble عقودnecklaces of جمانpearls
في نَظمِها تحكي عقود جمان
So in what I fashioned I brought forth rare jewels,
So I came up with marvels in the verses I composed,
which, in their arrangement, resemble pearl necklaces.
Which recount bracelets of pearls in their meter.
دامَتmay ... endure لَهُfor him العَلياءhigh glory طوعat the command of يَمينهhis right hand
دامَت لَهُ العَلياء طوع يَمينه
ماas long as غرّدتwarbled وَرقٌgray doves عَلىupon الأَفنانthe boughs
ما غرّدت وَرقٌ عَلى الأَفنان
May high glory remain at the command of his right hand,
May supremacy bend to his will
as long as gray doves warble upon the boughs,
As long as leaves flutter on branches,
أَوor ماas long as تحلتwere adorned فيin الوُجودexistence بوصفهwith his portrayal
أَو ما تحلت في الوُجود بوصفه
كتبٌbooks عَلَيهاupon them بَهجةُthe splendor of العرفانknowledge
كتبٌ عَلَيها بَهجةُ العرفان
or as long as, in this world, his portrayal adorns
Or books extolling his qualities
books bearing the splendor of knowledge.
Adorn existence with the splendor of mystic knowledge.