زنadorn بِالفَضائلwith virtues مجدَthe glory of جَدِّكyour forefather
زن بِالفَضائل مجدَ جَدِّك
وَاِقدحand strike sparks from بِجدّكِwith your diligence زندthe firestick of جدِّكyour fortune
وَاِقدح بِجدّكِ زند جدِّك
Adorn your forefather's glory with virtues,
Adorn yourself with the virtues of your ancestors,
and with your diligence strike the firestick of your fortune.
And ignite the flint of your ancestors with your ancestors' glory.
وَاِعلمand know بِأَنّكthat you إِنif وَنيfalter (continued)
وَاِعلم بِأَنّك إِن وَني
تyou (completes 'falter') أفيدis granted نِدُّكَyour rival طيبthe fragrance of ندِّكyour incense
ت أفيد نِدُّكَ طيب ندِّك
And know that if you falter,
And know that if you are steadfast,
your rival will gain the fragrance of your incense.
Your steadfastness will benefit you with pure generosity.
لاnot تَرتَقيyou attain المَجدَglory المُؤثfirmly rooted (continued)
لا تَرتَقي المَجدَ المُؤث
ثلcompletion of 'firmly rooted' وَالعُلىand high rank إِلّاexcept بِكدّكthrough your toil
ثل وَالعُلى إِلّا بِكدّك
You cannot attain firmly rooted glory
Glory and highness cannot be attained
or high rank except through your toil.
Except through your toil.
فَاِضربso turn عَنaway from التَشبيبamorous verse صفaside (continued)
فَاِضرب عَن التَشبيب صف
حاًcompletion of 'aside' وَاِلهُand turn away عَنfrom أَوصافdescriptions of دعدكyour Daʿd
حاً وَاِلهُ عَن أَوصاف دعدك
So turn aside from amorous verse,
So turn away from frivolity
and leave off descriptions of your Daʿd.
And turn away from the attributes of your negligence.
وَاِخلَعand cast off خَلاعَتكyour debauchery الَّتيwhich
وَاِخلَع خَلاعَتك الَّتي
أَخلتhas stripped حسامكyour sword مِنof فِرِندِكyour blade's watered markings
أَخلت حسامك مِن فِرِندِك
And cast off your debauchery, which
And take off your robe that
has stripped your sword of its watered markings.
Has stripped your sword of its sheath.
وَاِقمَعand subdue هَواكyour desire وَلاand do not يَغرbeguile (continued)
وَاِقمَع هَواك وَلا يَغر
ركyou (completes 'beguile you') غيّthe waywardness of نَفسكyour soul بَعدafter رُشدكyour right guidance
رك غيّ نَفسك بَعد رُشدك
And curb your desire; let not
And suppress your desires, and do not let
your soul's waywardness beguile you after your right guidance.
Your own soul mislead you after your maturity.
ماذاwhat يُفيدكbenefits you مِنfrom جَواlovesickness (continued)
ماذا يُفيدك مِن جَوا
كyour سِوىexcept اِصطِلائكyour being scorched by نارthe fire of وَجدكyour passion
ك سِوى اِصطِلائك نار وَجدك
What does your lovesickness bring you
What benefit can your passion bring you
but being scorched by the fire of your passion
Other than your burning in hellfire?
وَلَواعِجاًand burning pangs تَفريrend مُدىthe blades of
وَلَواعِجاً تَفري مُدى
أظفارهاtheir claws حَكّاًby scratching بِجلدِكagainst your skin
أظفارها حَكّاً بِجلدِك
and burning pangs, whose knife-edged
And intense longings that scratch
claws tear and scratch your skin?
Their claws on your skin.
وَإِذاand when السقامsickness براكhas worn you down وَالand the (continued)
وَإِذا السقام براك وَال
عَينانtwo eyes قرّحتاare ulcerated بِسهدِكfrom your sleeplessness
عَينان قرّحتا بِسهدِك
And when sickness has worn you down, and
And if disease has stricken you and
both eyes are ulcerated by your sleeplessness,
The eyes have ulcerated your eyelids.
هَيهاتfar beyond hope أنthat تجديكَbring you نَفbenefit (continued)
هَيهات أن تجديكَ نَف
عاًcompletion of 'benefit' بَعدَهاafter that غزلانthe gazelles of نَجدكyour Najd
عاً بَعدَها غزلان نَجدك
how unlikely that you should gain any benefit
Alas! After that, you will not find
after that from the gazelles of your Najd!
Any benefit from the gazelles of Nejd.
فَاِنظُرso consider لِحالthe condition of بَنيthe sons of الزَماthe age (continued)
فَاِنظُر لِحال بَني الزَما
نcompletion of 'the age' فَإِنَّهُمfor they إِخوانbrothers of عَهدِكyour era
ن فَإِنَّهُم إِخوان عَهدِك
So consider the state of the sons of the age,
So look at the state of people of the times,
for they are the brothers of your time.
For they are brethren of your era.
وَقسand compare الخليّthe carefree man عَلىwith الشجيthe lovelorn man (continued)
وَقس الخليّ عَلى الشجي
يcompletion of 'the lovelorn man' تَخَلyou will suppose هُنالكthere عَكسthe reverse of طَردكyour general rule
ي تَخَل هُنالك عَكس طَردك
Compare the carefree man with the lovelorn;
And compare the sincere friend to the unfaithful one;
there you will find your rule reversed.
There, the opposite occurred from your analogy.
فَاِشملso envelop خِلالكyour qualities بِالمَكاwith noble virtues (continued)
فَاِشمل خِلالك بِالمَكا
رمcompletion of 'noble virtues' كَيso that يَفوحmay waft شَميمthe fragrance of وردِكyour roses
رم كَي يَفوح شَميم وردِك
So clothe your character in noble virtues,
So include the noble traits among your morals
so that the fragrance of your roses may waft forth.
So that the fragrance of your roses may spread.
أَوand (introduces a question) لَيسَare not أَخلاقthe manners of الشُيوelders (continued)
أَو لَيسَ أَخلاق الشُيو
خcompletion of 'elders' أجلّnobler مِنthan أَخلاقthe manners of مردِكyour beardless youths
خ أجلّ مِن أَخلاق مردِك
Are not the manners of elders
Are not the morals of the shaykhs nobler
nobler than those of your beardless youths?
Than the morals of your rebels?
فَأدبso refine مَعاشرةassociation with النَبيthe noble man (continued)
فَأدب مَعاشرة النَبي
لcompletion of 'the noble man' تَجدهyou will find him مُنتَظماًstrung بِعقدكon your necklace
ل تَجده مُنتَظماً بِعقدك
So deal courteously with the noble man;
The manners of associating with the noble
you will find him strung upon your necklace.
You will find organized with your necklace.
وَاِنفحand bestow برفدكwith your bounty مِنwhoever جَفاhas shunned (continued)
وَاِنفح برفدك مِن جَفا
كyou تَكرّماًout of generosity وَاِرحبand welcome بِوَفدكyour visitors
ك تَكرّماً وَاِرحب بِوَفدك
And bestow your bounty on whoever has shunned
And blow gently with your breath from your grace,
you, out of generosity, and welcome your visitors.
Out of generosity, and welcome your visitors.
لاdo not تَصرمنَّever sever مِنfrom الصَديthe friend (continued)
لا تَصرمنَّ مِن الصَدي
قcompletion of 'the friend' وَلَوand even if قَلاكhe hates you حبالَthe cords of ودّكyour affection
ق وَلَو قَلاك حبالَ ودّك
Do not sever, from a friend,
Do not forbid even if the sincere criticizes you
the cords of your affection, even if he hates you.
And severs the ropes of your friendship.
ماnot كُلَّevery حينٍtime تَلتَقيyou meet
ما كُلَّ حينٍ تَلتَقي
مَنsomeone who لاdoes not يخلُّfail بِحفظin keeping عَهدِكyour covenant
مَن لا يخلُّ بِحفظ عَهدِك
Not at every turn do you meet
You do not always meet
someone who never fails to honor your covenant.
One who is true to keeping your covenant.
سِيّانalike حالthe condition of بَنيthe sons of الزَماthe age (continued)
سِيّان حال بَني الزَما
نcompletion of 'the age' وَحالهand its condition فيin بَحثthe examination of نَقدِكyour critical appraisal
ن وَحاله في بَحث نَقدِك
Alike are the state of the sons of the age
The state of people of the times is similar
and the age's own state, under your critical scrutiny.
And their state in your critical research.
يَعلوrises وَيَسفلand falls عِندَwith جزebb (continued)
يَعلو وَيَسفل عِندَ جز
ركyour (completes 'your ebb') طيشthe fickleness of شَأنهماthe condition of both وَمَدّكand your flood tide
رك طيش شَأنهما وَمَدّك
Rising and falling with your ebb
They rise and fall in your presence;
and flow are the fickle ways of them both.
Their caprice and your tide are similar.
فَاِحفظso preserve لِنَفسكfor yourself قَدرَهاits worth
فَاِحفظ لِنَفسك قَدرَها
وَاِحذَرand beware of تَجاوزoverstepping رَسمthe demarcation of حَدّكyour boundary
وَاِحذَر تَجاوز رَسم حَدّك
So safeguard your own worth,
So preserve for yourself its worth,
and beware of overstepping your marked boundary.
And beware transgressing the border of your limit.
وَاِعطفand show compassion عَلىfor ذلّthe abasement of الحَقيthe lowly person (continued)
وَاِعطف عَلى ذلّ الحَقي
رِcompletion of 'the lowly person' إِذاwhen اِرتَقيتyou ascend سَريرthe throne of مَجدِكyour glory
رِ إِذا اِرتَقيت سَرير مَجدِك
And pity the lowly one's humiliation
And show compassion for the poor
when you ascend the throne of your glory.
When you ascend the throne of your glory.
لاdo not يَطغينَّكmake you tyrannical صيتthe renown of بَطmight (continued)
لا يَطغينَّك صيت بَط
شكyour (completes 'your might') فيamong الأَنامmankind وَصَوتand the sound of جُندكyour army
شك في الأَنام وَصَوت جُندك
Let not the renown of your might
Let not the fame of your heroism in the people
among mankind, and your army's roar, make you tyrannical.
And the voice of your soldiers make you arrogant.
ماnot إِنemphasizes negation يَزيدكincreases for you هَيبَةًawe
ما إِن يَزيدك هَيبَةً
بَينَamong الوَرىpeople تَصعيرthe arrogant turning of خَدّكyour cheek
بَينَ الوَرى تَصعير خَدّك
It does not increase the awe you inspire
It will not increase your awe
among people to turn your cheek in arrogance.
Among the people, the snarling of your frown.
كَلّاnot at all وَلاand not تزريyou demean شَماqualities (continued)
كَلّا وَلا تزري شَما
ئلكyour (completes 'your qualities') الحِسانbeautiful بِلينthrough the softening of صلدِكyour stony hardness
ئلك الحِسان بِلين صلدِك
No; nor do you diminish your
No! And do not know your perfect traits
fine qualities by softening your stony hardness.
Through the softness of your firmness.
بِالحلمthrough forbearance تَبلغyou attain غايةthe height of الشthe (start of 'honor')
بِالحلم تَبلغ غاية الش
شرفhonor الرَفيعlofty بَرَغمdespite ضدّكyour adversary
شرف الرَفيع بَرَغم ضدّك
Through forbearance you reach the height
With forbearance you will attain the pinnacle of
of lofty honor, despite your adversary.
Noble honor, despite those against you.
وَبضدّهand through its opposite تَلقىyou encounter الهَواhumiliation (continued)
وَبضدّه تَلقى الهَوا
نcompletion of 'humiliation' مُعارِضاًblocking بِسَبيلin the path of قَصدِكyour aim
ن مُعارِضاً بِسَبيل قَصدِك
And through its opposite you meet humiliation
And with opponents you will meet
blocking the path of your aim.
Resistance in the path of your aim.
فَاِختَرso choose مِنfrom الأَمرينthe two courses ماwhat
فَاِختَر مِن الأَمرين ما
تَرضىyou accept لِذمّكfor blame of you أَوor لِحَمدِكfor praise of you
تَرضى لِذمّك أَو لِحَمدِك
So choose between the two courses what
So choose between the two what
you would accept as earning you blame or praise.
You approve for your blame or your praise.
وَاِعلَمand know بِأَنَّthat الدَهرTime أَيeasiest (continued)
وَاِعلَم بِأَنَّ الدَهر أَي
سرُcompletion of 'easiest' ماwhat يُحاولُit undertakes خلفthe breaking of وَعدِكthe promise to you
سرُ ما يُحاولُ خلف وَعدِك
And know that Time's easiest
And know that time is very easy
endeavor is to break its promise to you.
In what it tries behind your promise.
لَيسَis not الزَمانTime وَإِنand even if أَطاobeys (continued)
لَيسَ الزَمان وَإِن أَطا
عَكyou (completes 'obeys you') كُلّevery آونةٍmoment بِعَبدِكyour slave (emphatic)
عَك كُلّ آونةٍ بِعَبدِك
Time is not, though it may obey
Time is not, even if it has made
you at every moment, your slave.
You subservient every moment, your servant.
ماnot إِنemphasizes negation يَروقكdelights you مِنfrom زَماtime (continued)
ما إِن يَروقك مِن زَما
نكyour (completes 'your time') ماas long as حَييتَyou live صَفاءُthe clarity of وردكyour draught
نك ما حَييتَ صَفاءُ وردك
Your time will not always delight you
It does not please you, from your time,
with a clear draught throughout your life.
Except what you lived in purity of your roses.
فَلَقَدfor indeed يَبلّغكَit brings you to المُنىwishes
فَلَقَد يَبلّغكَ المُنى
حيناًfor a time وَقَدand may يَسعىstrive بردّكto turn you back
حيناً وَقَد يَسعى بردّك
For it may indeed bring you to your wishes
For death can reach you at times
for a time, and may strive to turn you back.
And it can hasten your chill.
وَكماand just as يُعلّكit gives you another drink بِالرَحيwith pure wine (continued)
وَكما يُعلّك بِالرَحي
قcompletion of 'pure wine' يَشوبit mingles عَلقمَهُits bitter colocynth بِشهدِكwith your honey
ق يَشوب عَلقمَهُ بِشهدِك
And just as it gives you another draught of pure wine,
And just as it raises you to comfort,
it mingles its bitter colocynth with your honey.
It mixes its bitterness with your sweetness.
يُبديit reveals وَيحجبand conceals طالعthe rising sign of الthe (continued)
يُبدي وَيحجب طالع ال
إِسعادhappiness مِنamong أَقمارthe moons of سَعدِكyour good fortune
إِسعاد مِن أَقمار سَعدِك
It reveals and conceals the rising sign
It reveals and conceals the fate of
of happiness among the moons of your good fortune.
Felicity from the moons of your fortune.
فَاِرغَبso turn away عَنfrom الدُنياthe world الدَنيbase (continued)
فَاِرغَب عَن الدُنيا الدَني
ئةcompletion of 'base' فَهيَfor it لَيسَتis not دارthe abode of خُلدِكyour eternity
ئة فَهيَ لَيسَت دار خُلدِك
So turn away from the base world,
So turn away from the base, lowly world,
for it is not your eternal abode.
For it is not the abode of your eternity.
وَاِزهدand renounce بِماwhat مَلَكتhave possessed يَداtwo hands (continued)
وَاِزهد بِما مَلَكت يَدا
كyour فَإِنَّهُfor it أَحرىmore deserving بِزُهدكof your renunciation
ك فَإِنَّهُ أَحرى بِزُهدك
And renounce what your hands possess,
And abstain from what your hands possess,
for it is more deserving of your renunciation.
For it is more deserving of your abstinence.
وَاِجهدand exert نهاكyour intellect بِبَذلby imparting علknowledge (continued)
وَاِجهد نهاك بِبَذل عل
مكyour (completes 'your knowledge') وَاِمزجand mix التَقوىpiety بِجهدكwith your effort
مك وَاِمزج التَقوى بِجهدك
And exert your reason by imparting
And strive, forbid yourself by exerting your
your knowledge, and blend piety with your effort.
Knowledge, and mix piety with your striving.
لاnot رثّthreadbare ثَوبكyour garment يَزدريdemeans (continued)
لا رثّ ثَوبك يَزدري
كyou وَلاand does not يَزينكadorn you وَشيthe embroidery of بردِكyour cloak
ك وَلا يَزينك وَشي بردِك
Your threadbare garment does not demean
Do not patch your garment, it is contemptible,
you, nor does your cloak's embroidery adorn you.
And a borrowed finery does not adorn you.
إنّindeed التَفاضلpreeminence بِالفَضاthrough virtues (continued)
إنّ التَفاضل بِالفَضا
ئلcompletion of 'virtues' لاnot ببرقكthrough your lightning أَوor بِرَعدِكthrough your thunder
ئل لا ببرقك أَو بِرَعدِك
Indeed, preeminence lies in virtues,
For precedence is through merits,
not in your lightning or your thunder.
Not by your lightning or your thunder.