دَعانيsummoned me الهَوىlove العُذريُّchaste بالقسْمَwith an oath موهناًlate at night
دَعاني الهَوى العُذريُّ بالقسْمَ موهناً
لبرقٍto lightning تنشَّتarose منfrom عمانOman سحائبهْits clouds
لبرقٍ تنشَّت من عمان سحائبهْ
Chaste love summoned me with an oath, late at night,
The passionate love called me with an oath, weakening me,
to lightning whose clouds arose from Oman.
For lightning that flashed from Oman's clouds.
فأرَّقنيso it kept me sleepless والخاليُwhile the untroubled البالِin mind هاجعٌis asleep
فأرَّقني والخاليُ البالِ هاجعٌ
فبِتُّso I spent the night لهattending to it حتىuntil الصَباحmorning أراقُبهْwatching it
فبِتُّ له حتى الصَباح أراقُبهْ
It kept me sleepless while the carefree lay asleep,
It kept me awake while my friend slept,
so I spent the night watching it until morning.
So I stayed up till dawn watching for it.
كأنَّas though يمانيَاًa Yemeni cloak تبطَّنَwrapped himself in عنترٌʿAntar
كأنَّ يمانيَاً تبطَّنَ عنترٌ
وَهزَّand brandished يَمانيّاًa Yemeni blade خشيباrough-forged مُضاربُهْits striking edges
وَهزَّ يَمانيّاً خشيبا مُضاربُهْ
As though ʿAntar had wrapped himself in a Yemeni cloak,
As if Intizar was hiding in Yemen,
and brandished a Yemeni blade with rough-forged striking edges.
And shook his Yemeni spear.
كأنيas though I إذاwhen ماan emphatic particle أنعقَّflashed واعْتنَّand appeared وانجلتand dispersed
كأني إذا ما أنعقَّ واعْتنَّ وانجلت
غَياطلهُits dense clouds عنْfrom لمِعِهits gleam وغياهبُهْand its darkness
غَياطلهُ عنْ لمِعِه وغياهبُهْ
It is as though, when it flashes and appears, and there disperse
As if when it rumbled, prepared, and approached,
its dense clouds and darkness from its gleam,
Its flashes hid from its glow and approached in darkness.
لِذكرَةِat the remembrance of أهليmy people بعدafter ماَthat حالintervened دُونهمْbetween me and them
لِذكرَةِ أهلي بعد ماَ حال دُونهمْ
خِضمٌa vast sea كأمثَالِlike the likenesses of الجبَالmountains غَواربُهْits wave-crests
خِضمٌ كأمثَالِ الجبَال غَواربُهْ
recalling my people, now that between us lie
Remembering my family after an expanse separated us
a vast sea whose crests are like mountains,
With its mountains like hills blocking the way.
يظلُّkeeps بهon it المَلاَّحُthe sailor يندُبُlamenting نفسَهُhimself
يظلُّ به المَلاَّحُ يندُبُ نفسَهُ
منfrom الخوفfear والبوصيُّwhile the ship تهفوsway جوانُبهْits sides
من الخوف والبوصيُّ تهفو جوانُبهْ
where the sailor keeps lamenting his own fate
The sailor laments himself in fear
in fear, while the ship's sides sway;
While the captain's sides roar.
وأغَبرand a dusty wilderness عَوَّآءٌhowling بهin it الذّئبُthe wolf أقفرتْbecame deserted
وأغَبر عَوَّآءٌ به الذّئبُ أقفرتْ
منof الأنسhuman company إِلاّمِexcept for الوحوشwild beasts سَباسبُهْits level plains
من الأنس إِلاّمِ الوحوش سَباسبُهْ
and a dusty wilderness where the wolf howls, whose plains lie empty
The wolf howled in desolate darkness
of human company, save for wild beasts—
With no company but beasts.
أشيرُI gesture بكفَّيْwith the two hands of واترٍa wrongdoer ذيَpossessed of سَخيمةٍrancor
أشيرُ بكفَّيْ واترٍ ذيَ سَخيمةٍ
تضيقُgrow narrow لديهِbefore him بالأسيرfor the captive مَذاهبُهْhis paths
تضيقُ لديهِ بالأسير مَذاهبُهْ
I gesture with both hands of a wrongdoer full of rancor,
I point with the palms of a captive,
before whom the captive's paths grow narrow.
Whose ways are narrow in captivity.
إذاwhen قالَhe says مهلاًgently! يطلبُseeking العفوpardon أدركتْovertook him
إذا قالَ مهلاً يطلبُ العفو أدركتْ
حسيكتَهُhis rancor وازوَرَّand turned aside للبُغضِbecause of hatred حاجبُهْhis brow
حسيكتَهُ وازوَرَّ للبُغضِ حاجبُهْ
When the captive says, 'Spare me,' seeking pardon, he is met by
When he says "wait", begging pardon,
his foe's rancor, and his brow turns aside in hatred.
You notice his weakness and hatred frowns.
خليليَّmy two friends هَلْhave? أبصرتماyou two seen أوor سَمعتِماyou two heard
خليليَّ هَلْ أبصرتما أو سَمعتِما
بماof what نابنيbefell me والدَّهرُand time جمٌّabundant نوائبُهْits calamities
بما نابني والدَّهرُ جمٌّ نوائبُهْ
My two friends, have you seen or heard
My friend, have you seen or heard
what has befallen me? Time's calamities are many.
What befell me while fate's calamities raged?
إذاwhenever لانَgrew gentle وَاحلوليand grew sweet لقومٍtoward a people تكدرتgrew turbid
إذا لانَ وَاحلولي لقومٍ تكدرت
لهُمْfor them وقستْand grew harsh أخلاقُهُits temper ومشاربهْand its ways
لهُمْ وقستْ أخلاقُهُ ومشاربهْ
Whenever it grows gentle and sweet toward a people, it turns bitter,
When I softened and was kind to people
and its temper and ways grow harsh toward them.
Whose morals hardened and ways soured?
ألاAh! مالِwhat ails هذاthis الفجرُdawn لمhas not يبدُappeared نورهُits light
ألا مالِ هذا الفجرُ لم يبدُ نورهُ
وماand what بالails ليليmy night لاnot تغورُset كواكبُهْits stars
وما بال ليلي لا تغورُ كواكبُهْ
Ah, what ails this dawn, that its light has not appeared?
Why doesn't the light of dawn appear?
And what ails my night, that its stars do not set?
Why don't the stars of my night disappear?
إذاwhenever قُلتُI say ينجابlifts الظلامthe darkness ترادفتfollowed in succession
إذا قُلتُ ينجاب الظلام ترادفت
كتائبُthe battalions of همّيmy grief خلفهُbehind it وكتائبُهْand its battalions
كتائبُ همّي خلفهُ وكتائبُهْ
Whenever I say, 'The darkness is lifting,' there follow in succession
When I say the darkness piles up,
the battalions of my grief behind it, and its own battalions.
Waves of worry come one after another.
ألاAh! هلْis there? سُلافٌchoice wine اطردُI drive away الهمَّcare مقصراًshortening
ألا هلْ سُلافٌ اطردُ الهمَّ مقصراً
بهاwith it اللَّيلَthe night أوor ريمٌa gazelle كريمٌnoble ألاعُبهْI play with him
بها اللَّيلَ أو ريمٌ كريمٌ ألاعُبهْ
Ah, is there choice wine to drive away care, shortening
Won't a night of forgetfulness dispel my worries,
the night with it—or a noble gazelle with whom I might play?
Or a generous wine cup make me play?
خَليليmy two friends هَلْis? حصنُthe fortress of العمُيريّal-ʿUmayrī عامرٌinhabited
خَليلي هَلْ حصنُ العمُيريّ عامرٌ
وهلْand are? عقرُʿAqr نزويNizwa مخصباتٌlush ملاعُبهْits playgrounds
وهلْ عقرُ نزوي مخصباتٌ ملاعُبهْ
My two friends, is al-ʿUmayrī's fortress inhabited?
My friend, is Al-Umairi fortress inhabited,
And are the playgrounds of Nizwa's ʿAqr lush?
And does Aqar of Nuzuwa have fertile meadows?
وَهلand did? سَمرتْconverse by night بعدَafter الهدوّthe hush بربعهِin its quarter
وَهل سَمرتْ بعدَ الهدوّ بربعهِ
معَاصرةُnubile maidens الخُمصslender الحشَاof waist وكواعُبهْand its budding-breasted girls
معَاصرةُ الخُمص الحشَا وكواعُبهْ
And, after the hush, did they converse by night in its quarter—
Have the valley of grapes revived
slender-waisted maidens and its budding-breasted girls?
After the truce, with its exuberant saplings?
وهلَand will? شرعُSharʿ بُهليBahlā ذُوpossessing المعاقلَstrongholds عائدٌreturning
وهلَ شرعُ بُهلي ذُو المعاقلَ عائدٌ
بأيَّامناwith our days لذّاتُهits pleasures ومطاربُهْand its delights
بأيَّامنا لذّاتُه ومطاربُهْ
And will Sharʿ of Bahlā, with its strongholds, return
For I have left my clan and family
with our days, its pleasures and its delights?
To achieve a great goal I seek.
وَهلand has? ذلكthat الرَّيمُgazelle الأغنُّsoft-voiced لبعِدناbecause of our absence
وَهل ذلك الرَّيمُ الأغنُّ لبعِدنا
عنfrom العهدthe pledge أمor شابتهtainted him بعديafter me شوائبُهْhis blemishes
عن العهد أم شابته بعدي شوائبُهْ
And has that soft-voiced gazelle, because of our absence, strayed
I carry the sword of Ghassan's Lord, Brandished
from the pledge, or have his blemishes tainted him since I left?
With intent to avenge injustice.
سَقىmay water اللهGod أكنافthe outskirts of الحويةal-Ḥawiyya فالصويthen al-Ṣuway
سَقى الله أكناف الحوية فالصوي
فحيتthen Ḥayt اسبكرَّتstretched out منfrom حبوبḤabūb أخاشُبهْits rugged hills
فحيت اسبكرَّت من حبوب أخاشُبهْ
May God water the outskirts of al-Ḥawiyya, then al-Ṣuway,
An exile seeking honor striving hard,
then Ḥayt, whose rugged hills stretch out from Ḥabūb.
Matching days of suffering with reward.
وباكرand visit at dawn بطحاءَthe gravel plain of الفُليجal-Fulayj بعارضٍwith a raincloud
وباكر بطحاءَ الفُليج بعارضٍ
هميpouring rain فابنَّتso they sprouted وارتعَنَّتْand flourished هواضُبهْits hills
همي فابنَّت وارتعَنَّتْ هواضُبهْ
And may He visit al-Fulayj's gravel plain at dawn with a raincloud
He lived honorably, his crown
pouring down, till its hills sprout and flourish.
Shining while fortunes turned his way.
فإنfor if أكI am قدalready فارقتُI parted from قوميmy people وأسرتيand my family
فإن أك قد فارقتُ قومي وأسرتي
لإِدراكto attain شأوa goal شاسعfar-distant أناI طالبُهْseek it
لإِدراك شأو شاسع أنا طالبُهْ
For if I have left my people and my family,
I will surprise the armies of tyrants with a regiment
it is to reach a far-distant goal that I pursue.
Of resolve, battalion after battalion.
فَقبليfor before me سيفٌSayf ربّlord of غسَّانGhassān طوَّحتsent far away
فَقبلي سيفٌ ربّ غسَّان طوَّحت
بهwith him نيةٌa resolve إذاwhen أنكرَrejected الضَّيمَhumiliation جانُبهْhis spirit
به نيةٌ إذا أنكرَ الضَّيمَ جانُبهْ
For before me, Sayf, lord of Ghassān, was sent far away
With it comes the victory that is its party,
by a resolve, when his spirit rejected humiliation.
And the victory that is its companion.
تَغرَّبَwent abroad فَرداًalone يطلبُseeking العزَّglory جاهداًstriving hard
تَغرَّبَ فَرداً يطلبُ العزَّ جاهداً
وَفاءَand returned بمثلِwith the like of اليمّthe sea جاشتْsurged غوارُبهْits wave-crests
وَفاءَ بمثلِ اليمّ جاشتْ غوارُبهْ
He went abroad alone, striving earnestly for glory,
No ruler dares pursue what I seek,
and returned with a host like the sea, its crests surging.
Or ride the steed I mount.
فَظلَّso he remained بعزّin glory يلفظcasting out الدُرَّpearls تاجهُhis crown
فَظلَّ بعزّ يلفظ الدُرَّ تاجهُ
بغمدانَat Ghumdān واحلولتand grew sweet إليهto him مشارُبهْhis draughts
بغمدانَ واحلولت إليه مشارُبهْ
So he remained in glory, his crown scattering pearls,
When a prince relies on his wealth
at Ghumdān, and his draughts grew sweet to him.
And bad counsel overtakes him.
سأفجأُI shall surprise أجنادَthe troops of الطُّغاةَthe tyrants بِفيلقٍwith a legion
سأفجأُ أجنادَ الطُّغاةَ بِفيلقٍ
منَof العزمِresolve مَجْرٍa mighty host مردفاتٌfollowed by more كتائبُهْits battalions
منَ العزمِ مَجْرٍ مردفاتٌ كتائبُهْ
I shall fall upon the tyrants' troops with a legion
I shed dew from my hand generously
of resolve—a mighty host whose battalions follow one another.
To earn the praise of all and generosity has the best gains.
يسيرُmarches بِهwith it النَّصرُvictory الَّذيwhich هوit حزُبهits ally
يسيرُ بِه النَّصرُ الَّذي هو حزُبه
وينجدهُand aids it النَّصرvictory الذيwhich هوَit صاحبُهْits companion
وينجدهُ النَّصر الذي هوَ صاحبُهْ
With it marches victory, which is its ally,
If one doesn't secure a fine life with what he earns,
and victory, its companion, comes to its aid.
His achievements will not bring him praise.
فلاso no مَلكٌking يرتادُseeks ماwhat أناI طاِلبٌam seeking
فلا مَلكٌ يرتادُ ما أنا طاِلبٌ
ولاnor يركبrides الصَّعبthe difficult mount الذيwhich أنارأكُبهْI ride it
ولا يركب الصَّعب الذي أنارأكُبهْ
No king seeks what I seek,
If the lion does not boldly face terror,
nor rides the difficult mount that I ride.
Even if mighty, foxes will not yield.
إذاwhen انعقَدتْbecame bound نفسُthe soul of ابنa son of ملكٍa king بمالهto his wealth
إذا انعقَدتْ نفسُ ابن ملكٍ بماله
وأدركَand overtook منهُfrom him سَيءُfaulty الرأيjudgment كاذُبهْits falsehood
وأدركَ منهُ سَيءُ الرأي كاذُبهْ
When a king's son's soul becomes bound to his wealth,
If you scorn an idea reaching for the heights,
and the falsehood of his faulty judgment overtakes him,
Beware you don't become fearful like rabbits.
أفضتُI poured out النَّدىbounty منfrom راحتيَّmy two palms تكسُّباًseeking gain
أفضتُ النَّدى من راحتيَّ تكسُّباً
لحمدِfor the praise of الورىmankind والجودُand generosity خيرٌbest مكاسُبهْits gains
لحمدِ الورى والجودُ خيرٌ مكاسُبهْ
I pour out bounty from my two palms, seeking to gain
We are the water of heaven's rain, and who
the praise of mankind; generosity's gains are best.
Of rulers is fit to match us?
إذاif المرُءa man لمْdid not يُحرزwin جميلاًhonor حياتهُduring his life
إذا المرُء لمْ يُحرز جميلاً حياتهُ
بماwith what حازhe gained َلْمnot تكسبهُearn him حمداًpraise نوادبُهْhis mourning women
بما حاز َلْم تكسبهُ حمداً نوادبُهْ
If a man wins no honor during his lifetime
We ruled the world by the sword until
through what he has gained, his mourning women will earn him no praise.
Foreigners and Arabs yielded in humiliation.
إذاif اللَّيثُthe lion لمُdoes not يقدُمadvance علىupon الهولterror جاسراًboldly
إذا اللَّيثُ لمُ يقدُم على الهول جاسراً
وإنand even if جلَّit is great لْمwill not تقدمْadvance عليهِagainst it ثعالبُهْhis foxes
وإن جلَّ لْم تقدمْ عليهِ ثعالبُهْ
If the lion does not advance boldly upon terror,
however great it is, his foxes will not advance against it.
إذاif شمتَyou espy خلاَّءًan empty place علىon رأيan outlook شاهقِlofty
إذا شمتَ خلاَّءً على رأي شاهقِ
منof الطَّودِthe mountain فاحذرانso beware lest تخافyou fear أرانبُهْits rabbits
من الطَّودِ فاحذران تخاف أرانبُهْ
If you espy an empty place on a lofty outlook
of the mountain, take care not to fear its rabbits.
ونحنُand we بنُوsons of ماءِMāʾ (Water) السماءِal-Samāʾ (Heaven) ومنand whoever يكنis
ونحنُ بنُو ماءِ السماءِ ومن يكن
أباهhis father فأيُّthen which المالِكينrulers يناسُبهْmatches his lineage
أباه فأيُّ المالِكين يناسُبهْ
And we are sons of Māʾ al-Samāʾ; whoever has him
as father—which ruler can match his lineage?
ملكناwe ruled الورىmankind بالسيفby the sword حتىuntil تضاءلتshrank
ملكنا الورى بالسيف حتى تضاءلت
أعَاجُمهُits non-Arabs ذُلاًin abasement لنَاto us وأعَاربُهْand its Arabs
أعَاجُمهُ ذُلاً لنَا وأعَاربُهْ
We ruled mankind by the sword, until they shrank—
its non-Arabs and its Arabs, humbled before us.
Partial English translation: 60 of 68 Arabic lines translated.