وماand what رأسُهits head مثنىًdoubled وتأخيرُand moving back جوفيهِits two inner parts
وما رأسُه مثنىً وتأخيرُ جوفيهِ
إذاwhen دارَit turns شهرٌa month حَلَّappears منfrom among أَشهُرthe months of العرَبthe Arabs
إذا دارَ شهرٌ حَلَّ من أَشهُر العرَب
And what is it whose head is doubled, and whose two inner letters are moved back—
Neither is his head bent nor his insides delayed
When turned, a month from among the Arabs' months appears?
When a month passes, it detaches from the months of the Arabs
وإنand if زالَdisappears منهُfrom it الرسمُthe written mark اصبحit becomes عاملاًa grammatical governor
وإن زالَ منهُ الرسمُ اصبح عاملاً
برفعٍby assigning the nominative وتصبرand be patient حُكمُهُits rule ليسَis not يُجتَنَبavoided
برفعٍ وتصبر حُكمُهُ ليسَ يُجتَنَب
And if its written mark disappears, it becomes a grammatical governor,
And if its inscription is erased, it starts working
Assigning the nominative; and be patient—its rule is not avoided.
With raising and its rule cannot be avoided
وفيand in قلبِهِits heart داءٌan ailment يَعِزُّis hard to attain لهُfor it الشِفاthe cure
وفي قلبِهِ داءٌ يَعِزُّ لهُ الشِفا
وأكثَرُand most often ماthat which تَلقاهُyou encounter it فيamong المَعزَthe goats والعَرَبand the Arabs
وأكثَرُ ما تَلقاهُ في المَعزَ والعَرَب
And in its heart is an ailment for which a cure is hard to find.
And in its heart is an illness that seeking cure for it is rare
And most often you encounter it among goats and Arabs.
And frequently it faces refusal among the goat and the Arabs
فسَقياًso a blessing of rain لهُfor it داءَan ailment إذاif اتئدproceed slowly ماwhat
فسَقياً لهُ داءَ إذا اتئد ما
بهِin it أَفادَكَit teaches you أمراًa matter فيin اختبارtesting أُولِىthose possessing الرِيَبsuspicions
بهِ أَفادَكَ أمراً في اختبار أُولِى الرِيَب
So may rain bless it, an ailment—if you proceed slowly over what
So its illness when settled, is a drink for it
Is in it, it gives you a means of testing those under suspicion.
That benefits you, in examining the suspicious
وثُلثاهُand its two-thirds قُوتُsustenance of الناسِpeople والهمسُand whispering والتُقَىand piety
وثُلثاهُ قُوتُ الناسِ والهمسُ والتُقَى
ومعكوسهُand its reversed form مَولىًa lord عنfrom الناظرِthe onlooker احتَجَبhid himself
ومعكوسهُ مَولىً عن الناظرِ احتَجَب
And its two-thirds are people's sustenance, whispering, and piety.
And a third of it, is people’s livelihood, whispers and piety
And its reverse is a lord concealed from the onlooker.
And its reversal, is a master, from the beholder it is veiled
فتوجيههُso orienting it بالعجزِby the ending يأتيcomes as مُقابلاًa counterpart
فتوجيههُ بالعجزِ يأتي مُقابلاً
لكسرٍto breaking حياهُmay He bless it اللَهُGod جبراًa mending بلاwithout نَصَبtoil
لكسرٍ حياهُ اللَهُ جبراً بلا نَصَب
So orienting it by its ending yields the opposite
So its deficiency comes corresponding
Of breaking—God bless it—a mending without toil.
To a breakage that Allah revived fully without declension
وتصحيفُهُand its altered dotting قُوتٌfood وبالدِينِand in religion عالمٌa scholar
وتصحيفُهُ قُوتٌ وبالدِينِ عالمٌ
وتجريand run بهِwith it الأقلامُthe pens فيin النَهيِprohibition والطَلَبand request
وتجري بهِ الأقلامُ في النَهيِ والطَلَب
And its altered dotting yields food and a scholar of religion.
And its misspelling is strength and in religion scholarly
And pens run with it in prohibitions and requests.
And pens flow with it in forbiddance and request
وحرفٌand a letter لاnot يحابٍshows favor (reading uncertain) يُطابقُmatches قولناour saying
وحرفٌ لا يحابٍ يُطابقُ قولنا
أَلَاtake heed الشرُّevil فاحذَرُهُso beware of it تَرَyou will see الخيرَgood عنfrom كثبُnearness
أَلَا الشرُّ فاحذَرُهُ تَرَ الخيرَ عن كثبُ
And a letter that shows no favor matches our saying:
And a letter that does not consent, matches our words
Take heed of evil: beware of it, and you will see good close at hand.
Beware evil, avoid it, observe good in proximity
ويَنقُظُهُand dot it (reading uncertain) الراوُونthe narrators طُرّاًall وإنَّهُand indeed it
ويَنقُظُهُ الراوُون طُرّاً وإنَّهُ
لَيُنِبئُناsurely informs us ماwhat مرَّpassed فيin سالفbygone الحُقَبages
لَيُنِبئُنا ما مرَّ في سالف الحُقَب
And the narrators all dot it [reading uncertain], and indeed it
And remember it brings to us what passed in previous eras
Surely tells us what happened in ages long past.
For it a pearl, if lost becomes a place
لهُit has دُرَّةٌa pearl انif غُيّبتhidden away صارit becomes موطناًa dwelling place
لهُ دُرَّةٌ ان غُيّبت صار موطناً
لدُرٍfor pearls جزيلٍabundant ثُمَّthen نِيطَwas attached بهِto it السَخَبclamor
لدُرٍ جزيلٍ ثُمَّ نِيطَ بهِ السَخَب
It has a pearl: if hidden away, it becomes a dwelling
For abundant pearls then bundled in difficulties
For abundant pearls; then clamor is attached to it.
Going around, so it meets in the wilderness crouched
بدورُfull moons فَيلقَىso it is found فيin الفيافيthe wilderness مربّضاًlying at rest
بدورُ فَيلقَى في الفيافي مربّضاً
وفيand in صَدرِthe breast of سَمحٍa generous man إذwhen رأىhe saw الوَفدَthe delegation ماdid not احتَجَبwithdraw
وفي صَدرِ سَمحٍ إذ رأى الوَفدَ ما احتَجَب
Full moons; so it is found lying at rest in the wilderness,
And in the chest of a noble, when he saw the delegation, it was veiled
And in the breast of a generous man who did not withdraw when he saw the delegation.
It makes foods pleasant for us in its circulation
يُسِيغُmakes easy to swallow لناfor us الأَقواتَfoods فيduring دَوَرانِهits turning
يُسِيغُ لنا الأَقواتَ في دَوَرانِه
علىupon قلبهِits heart القاسيhard إذاwhen المَطَرُthe rain انسكبpoured down
على قلبهِ القاسي إذا المَطَرُ انسكب
It makes our foods easy to swallow as it turns
On its tough heart when rain poured
Upon its hard heart, when the rain pours down.
And it still remains standing between kingdoms
وماand not زالَceased ماwhat is بينbetween الممالكthe kingdoms قائماًstanding
وما زالَ ما بين الممالك قائماً
تليهِundertake it ملوكthe kings of الأرضِthe earth عَمداًdeliberately وعنand for سَبَبa reason
تليهِ ملوك الأرضِ عَمداً وعن سَبَب
And it has always stood between the kingdoms,
Then it rules the kings of earth intentionally and without a cause
The kings of the earth undertaking it deliberately and for a reason.
With it joys and peace for mankind
بنسكينهِby stilling it (reading uncertain) الأفراحُjoys والسِلمُand peace للورىfor mortals
بنسكينهِ الأفراحُ والسِلمُ للورى
وتحريكهِand moving it الأَتراحُsorrows والحُزنُand grief والحَرَبand war
وتحريكهِ الأَتراحُ والحُزنُ والحَرَب
By stilling it [reading uncertain], joy and peace come to mortals;
And its movement, sorrows, wars and havoc
And moving it brings sorrows, grief, and war.
And the dignity of a person among people is his companions
وعِترةُand the kin of مَرءa man فيamong الأَنامmankind وصَحبُهُand his companions
وعِترةُ مَرء في الأَنام وصَحبُهُ
وأَنصارُهُand his supporters الأَخيارُgood فيin الغَمgrief والطَرَبand joy
وأَنصارُهُ الأَخيارُ في الغَم والطَرَب
And a man's kin among mankind, and his companions,
And his good supporters in distress and confusion
And his good supporters in sorrow and joy.
It blows so it meets it from south and north
يَهُبُّit blows فتلقاهُso you encounter it جَنُوباًa south wind وشَمأَلاًand a north wind
يَهُبُّ فتلقاهُ جَنُوباً وشَمأَلاً
وأَشهاهُand its most delightful form فيin واديthe valley of حَماةَHama وفيand in حَلَبAleppo
وأَشهاهُ في وادي حَماةَ وفي حَلَب
It blows: you encounter it as a south wind and a north wind.
And it desires it in the valley of Hama and in Aleppo
And it is most delightful in the valley of Hama and in Aleppo.
And of the good and benefits it possesses
وممَّاand because of what بهِin it منof خيرةٍgoodness ومنافعٍand benefits
وممَّا بهِ من خيرةٍ ومنافعٍ
بَنُوthe children of الناسmen فيهِin it لاnot يَزالُceases لهمfor them أَرَبa desire
بَنُو الناس فيهِ لا يَزالُ لهم أَرَب
And because of the goodness and benefits it holds,
People constantly build and inhabit it
The children of men never cease to desire it.
Attributed to the Najashi family so it is altered
لأهلto the people of النُجاشيal-Najashi نِسبةٌa relation فهوso it is مُبدَلٌsubstituted
لأهل النُجاشي نِسبةٌ فهو مُبدَلٌ
وكلٌّand each إلىto نقلٍtransposition وتصحيفٍand altered dotting أَنتَسَبtraces its origin
وكلٌّ إلى نقلٍ وتصحيفٍ أَنتَسَب
It has a link to al-Najashi's people; thus it is a substituted form.
And each to transmission and misspelling has been affiliated
And each traces its origin to transposition and altered dotting.
Its circulation takes it to the heart cautiously
مُردافهُits synonym ينحوهُseeks it بالقلبِby reversal حازمٌa resolute man
مُردافهُ ينحوهُ بالقلبِ حازمٌ
ويَشناهُand hates it ذوone possessing جهلٍignorance تعرَّىstripped himself منof الأَدَبcourtesy
ويَشناهُ ذو جهلٍ تعرَّى من الأَدَب
A resolute man seeks its synonym by reversal,
And its reversal a ignorant one stripped of etiquette
And an ignorant man stripped of courtesy hates it.
And its ejection either taken by a planet
ومطرودهُand its unreversed form إِمَّاif تَولاهُtakes charge of it كوكبٌa star
ومطرودهُ إِمَّا تَولاهُ كوكبٌ
فبعضُthen one of ربىthe heights of نجدٍNajd علاrose above سائِرَall other الهِضَبhills
فبعضُ ربى نجدٍ علا سائِرَ الهِضَب
And its unreversed form, if a star takes charge of it,
So some raised over the rest of the plateau
Is then one of Najd's heights, rising above all other hills.
And its inversion an atonement for misdeeds
ومعكوسُهُand its reverse كَفَّارةٌan atonement عنfor مآثمٍsins
ومعكوسُهُ كَفَّارةٌ عن مآثمٍ
لتمحيضto purify ذَنبٍa sin يقتضيcalls for الشجبَcondemnation والغَضَبand anger
لتمحيض ذَنبٍ يقتضي الشجبَ والغَضَب
And its reverse is an atonement for sins,
To erase a sin that necessitates rebuke and anger
To purge a sin calling for condemnation and anger.
And in its transmission rewards are gifted
وفيand in نَقلهِits transposition الأينيpositional تُهدَىare offered مطاعمٌfoods
وفي نَقلهِ الأيني تُهدَى مطاعمٌ
وربَّand many a صِحافٍplatter دُونَهاbefore them الهَيجُtumult والصَخَبand clamor
وربَّ صِحافٍ دُونَها الهَيجُ والصَخَب
And in its positional transposition, foods are offered,
And many rough commotions in feasts it caused chaos
And many a platter has tumult and clamor before it.
It is a three letter name, and no third is unharmed
هُوَit اسمٌa name ثُلاثيٌّthree-lettered ولاand no ثُلثَthird سالمٌintact
هُوَ اسمٌ ثُلاثيٌّ ولا ثُلثَ سالمٌ
لهُbelongs to it لاno ولاnor نِصفٌa half ولاnor رَبعَa quarter يُحتَسَبis reckoned
لهُ لا ولا نِصفٌ ولا رَبعَ يُحتَسَب
It is a three-letter name, and no intact third
Not even half nor a fourth is calculated
Belongs to it—no; nor can a half or a quarter be reckoned.
Nor its sixth, and the seventh of it is corrected
ولاnor سُدسهُits sixth والسبعُand the seventh منهُof it مصححٌexact
ولا سُدسهُ والسبعُ منهُ مصححٌ
ولاnor ثُمنُهُits eighth والعُشرُand the tenth ناجٍunharmed منfrom العَطَبruin
ولا ثُمنُهُ والعُشرُ ناجٍ من العَطَب
Nor its sixth, while a seventh of it is exact;
Nor its eighth, and the tenth secured from affliction
Nor its eighth, while a tenth escapes ruin.
But if its two thirds come second
ولكنَّbut ثُلثَيهِtwo-thirds of it إذاwhen كانis ثانياًsecond
ولكنَّ ثُلثَيهِ إذا كان ثانياً
لإِثنيهِto its two صارَbecomes قولَناour saying خُذtake ولاand no نَهَبplunder
لإِثنيهِ صارَ قولَنا خُذ ولا نَهَب
But two-thirds of it, when placed second
To its dual, our words hold, do not seize
To its two, becomes our saying, 'Take,' without plunder.
And if the first of it oozes in a faulty line
وإنand if زبدَincreased (reading uncertain) أَوَّلُهُits first part بخطٍby a stroke فضاهلٌthen [unclear word]
وإن زبدَ أَوَّلُهُ بخطٍ فضاهلٌ
ومَلكٌand a king علىincumbent upon ذيthe possessor of المُلكsovereignty إِكرامُهُhonoring him وَجَبbecame obligatory
ومَلكٌ على ذي المُلك إِكرامُهُ وَجَب
And if its first letter is increased by a stroke [reading uncertain], then [unclear],
A king must honor and cherish another king
And a king whose honoring is incumbent upon the possessor of sovereignty.
It is half of it, and a father not knowing
هوit النِصفُthe half منهُof it والدٌa father غيرُnot عارفِacquainted with
هو النِصفُ منهُ والدٌ غيرُ عارفِ
زواجاًَmarriage ولمand not يُعرَفbe known بأُمٍwith a mother ولاand not بأبwith a father
زواجاًَ ولم يُعرَف بأُمٍ ولا بأب
Half of it is a father who has never known
Marriage, nor known to have mother or father
Marriage, nor has he been known to have a mother or father.
And its two thirds, both are foreign letters
وثلثاهُand its two-thirds كلٌeach منهماof the two حرفَa letter of عُجمةٍforeign speech
وثلثاهُ كلٌ منهما حرفَ عُجمةٍ
مُحاذٍaligned أراء[unclear word] غيرother than راءthe letter rāʾ ولاand no عَجَبwonder
مُحاذٍ أراء غير راء ولا عَجَب
And its two-thirds: each is a letter from a foreign tongue,
Adjoining opinions with no consent or wonder
Aligned, [unclear], other than rāʾ—and no wonder.
Dual names, triple letters, quadruple
ثُنائيُّtwofold in أَسماءnames ثُلاثيُّthreefold in أحرفٍletters رُباعيُّfourfold in
ثُنائيُّ أَسماء ثُلاثيُّ أحرفٍ رُباعيُّ
تكوينٍformation حَمَىprotected البَيضَhelmets واليَلَبand leather shields
تكوينٍ حَمَى البَيضَ واليَلَب
Twofold in names, threefold in letters, fourfold
Formation, protected eggs and grazed
In formation; it protected helmets and leather shields.
Quintuple army where its fifth stood, sextuple
خُماسيُّfivefold in جيشٍan army حيثُwhere قامَstood خمسُهُits five divisions سُداسيُّsixfold in
خُماسيُّ جيشٍ حيثُ قامَ خمسُهُ سُداسيُّ
أَنحاءdirections ففكِّرso reflect ولاand do not تَهَبfear
أَنحاء ففكِّر ولا تَهَب
Fivefold as an army, where its five divisions stand, sixfold
Directions, so think and do not ransack
In directions—so reflect, and do not fear.
Partial English translation: 59 of 60 Arabic lines translated.