خيلُكَyour cavalry منwhoever صفاwas sincere لكtoward you فيin البعادِseparation
خيلُكَ من صفا لك في البعادِ
وجارُكand your neighbor منwhoever أذمَّpledged himself علىto الودادِaffection
وجارُك من أذمَّ على الودادِ
Your cavalry are those who stay true to you when far away;
Your horses are far away in Saffa,
and your neighbor is one who pledges himself to affection.
While your neighbor in Adham harbors enmity.
وحظُّكand your share منin صديقكyour friend أنthat تراهyou see him
وحظُّك من صديقك أن تراه
عدوّاًan enemy فيout of هواكlove for you لمنto whoever تعاديyou oppose
عدوّاً في هواك لمن تعادي
Your share in a friend is to see him
Your luck with your friend is that you see him
hostile, out of love for you, to those you oppose.
As an enemy in your love for those you oppose.
وربَّand many a أخٍbrother قَصيِّdistant العِرقin lineage فيهin him
وربَّ أخٍ قَصيِّ العِرق فيه
سلوٌّsolace عنaway from أخيكyour brother منby الوِلادِbirth
سلوٌّ عن أخيك من الوِلادِ
Many a brother of distant lineage holds
Many a brother of pure descent within him
solace enough to make you forget your brother by birth.
Is a solace away from your brother of birth.
فلاso do not تغررْكdeceive you ألسنةٌtongues رطابٌmoist
فلا تغررْك ألسنةٌ رطابٌ
بطائنهنَّtheir inner linings أكبادٌlivers صَواديparched
بطائنهنَّ أكبادٌ صَوادي
So let no moist tongues deceive you:
So let not the fair tongues delude you,
their inner linings are parched livers.
Their essence is predatory livers.
وعِشand live إمَّاeither قرينas companion أخٍof a brother وفيّfaithful
وعِش إمَّا قرين أخٍ وفيّ
أمينِtrustworthy الغيبِin absence أوor عيشَthe life الوحادِof the solitary
أمينِ الغيبِ أو عيشَ الوحادِ
Live either as the companion of a faithful brother,
Live either with a loyal brother
trustworthy in your absence, or live alone.
Trustworthy of the unseen, or live alone.
فإنيfor I بعدَafter تجريبيmy testing لأمرٍof a matter
فإني بعدَ تجريبي لأمرٍ
أنستُfound comfort ولاand do not أغشُّكdeceive you بانفراديin my solitude
أنستُ ولا أغشُّك بانفرادي
For after putting a matter to the test,
For after my experience of a matter
I found comfort—I do not deceive you—in my solitude.
I forgot and will not delude you by my solitude.
تريدُseek خلائقُthe dispositions الأيّامof the days مَكراًdeceit
تريدُ خلائقُ الأيّام مَكراً
لتُغضِبَنيto anger me علىagainst خُلقيmy character وعاديand my customary ways
لتُغضِبَني على خُلقي وعادي
The ways of the days plot deceit
The ways of days want to deceive
to turn me against my character and customary ways.
To anger me against my nature and habit.
وتغمزنيand press me الخطوبُcalamities تظنُّthinking أنيthat I
وتغمزني الخطوبُ تظنُّ أني
ألينyield علىunder عرائكهاtheir trials الشِّدادِharsh
ألين على عرائكها الشِّدادِ
Calamities press me, thinking that I
Misfortunes wink at me thinking
will yield beneath their harsh trials.
I am soft toward their rigid sorrows.
وماand not ثهلانُThahlan تشرفtower قُنَّتاهits two summits
وما ثهلانُ تشرف قُنَّتاه
بأحملَbetter at bearing للنوائبcalamities منthan فؤاديmy heart
بأحملَ للنوائب من فؤادي
Yet Thahlan, whose twin summits tower,
How the bending of honored spears is not
is no better at bearing calamities than my heart.
Because I carry more patience than my heart.
تغرِّبُbring strange surprises فيin تقلُّبهاtheir changes اللياليthe nights
تغرِّبُ في تقلُّبها الليالي
عليّupon me بكلّwith every طارقةٍvisitation نآدِcrushing
عليّ بكلّ طارقةٍ نآدِ
The nights spring strange surprises in their changes,
Nights in their changes
upon me with every crushing visitation.
Alienate me with every dawn that cries.
إذاwhenever قلتُI said اكتفتhad enough منيof me وكفَّتand ceased
إذا قلتُ اكتفت مني وكفَّت
نزتْsprang up بالداءwith disease ثائرةraging العِدادِin recurring bouts
نزتْ بالداء ثائرة العِدادِ
Whenever I say, “They have had enough of me and ceased,”
When I say "Enough," they stop provoking me
they spring back with disease, its recurring pangs raging.
Then rise with multiplying afflictions.
رعَىgrazed سِمنُthe fattening الحوادثِof calamities فيupon هُزاليmy leanness
رعَى سِمنُ الحوادثِ في هُزالي
كأنّas though صلاحَهنtheir well-being علىdepended on فساديmy ruin
كأنّ صلاحَهن على فسادي
Calamities grow fat by grazing on my leanness,
The fat of misfortunes feeds on my thinness
as though their well-being depended on my ruin.
As if their righteousness is my corruption.
فيوماًso one day فيupon الذخيرةthe reserve منfrom صديقيmy friend
فيوماً في الذخيرة من صديقي
ويوماًand another day فيupon الذخيرةthe reserve منfrom تِلاديmy ancestral wealth
ويوماً في الذخيرة من تِلادي
One day they feed on the treasure I have in my friend,
One day in reserve from a friend
and another on the treasure of my ancestral wealth.
Another day in reserve from my birth.
يذمُّcondemn النومَsleep دونrather than الحرصcovetous striving قومٌsome people
يذمُّ النومَ دون الحرص قومٌ
وقلتُand I said لرقدتيto my slumber عنهfor avoiding it حَمادِwell done
وقلتُ لرقدتي عنه حَمادِ
Some condemn sleep rather than covetous striving;
Some blame sleeping without vigilance
I tell my slumber, for sparing me that: “Well done!”
And I said to my slumber to ignore them.
وماand not انan emphatic particle الغِنَىwealth إلاbut يسيراًeasy
وما ان الغِنَى إلا يسيراً
لوif أنّthat الرزقَlivelihood يبعثهsends it forth اجتهاديmy exertion
لو أنّ الرزقَ يبعثه اجتهادي
Wealth would be nothing but an easy matter,
Wealth is but little
if my exertion were what sent forth livelihood.
If sustenance is given only by my striving.
وضاحكةٍand a laughing woman إلىat شَعرٍhair غريبٍstrange
وضاحكةٍ إلى شَعرٍ غريبٍ
شُكمتُI was bridled بهby it فأسلسso it made more yielding منof قياديmy leading-rein
شُكمتُ به فأسلس من قيادي
Many a woman laughs at a strange lock of hair,
I frowned at a laughing woman's strange poetry
which bridled me and made me more yielding to the rein.
Yet it flowed smoother than my leading.
تَعُدُّshe counts سِنِيَّmy years تَعجَبُshe marvels منat بياضيmy white hair
تَعُدُّ سِنِيَّ تَعجَبُ من بياضي
وأعجبُand more astonishing منهthan it لوif علمتْshe knew سواديmy black hair
وأعجبُ منه لو علمتْ سوادي
She counts my years, astonished at my white hair;
She counts my grays, wondering at my whiteness,
my black hair is more astonishing still, if she only knew.
And I wonder, if she knew my darkness.
أَمانٍhopes كَّeach (text unclear) يومٍday فيin انتقاصٍdecline
أَمانٍ كَّ يومٍ في انتقاصٍ
يساوقُهنَّkeeps pace with them هَمٌّworry فيin ازديادِincrease
يساوقُهنَّ هَمٌّ في ازديادِ
Hopes diminish with every passing day,
Each safe day diminishes
while worry keeps pace with them, increasing.
As worries increasingly grow.
وفُرقةُand separation صاحبٍfrom a friend قَلِقِrestless المطاياin his mounts
وفُرقةُ صاحبٍ قَلِقِ المطايا
بهbecause of him قَلَقُrestlessness المدامعِof tearful eyes والوسادِand the pillow
به قَلَقُ المدامعِ والوسادِ
And separation from a friend whose mounts are restless—
Parting from a restless friend
for him, tearful eyes and the pillow know no rest.
Disturbs my tears and pillow.
تُخفِّضُlower بعدَهafter him الأيّامُthe days صوتيmy voice
تُخفِّضُ بعدَه الأيّامُ صوتي
علىdespite لَسَنيmy eloquence وتَخفِضُand lower منof عماديmy supporting pillar
على لَسَني وتَخفِضُ من عمادي
After him, the days lower my voice,
After him, days lower my voice
despite my eloquence, and weaken my pillar of support.
Against my tongue and lessen my pillar.
أقيمُI remain ولمand did not أقمْI move away عنهfrom him لِمُسْلٍfor anything consoling
أقيمُ ولم أقمْ عنه لِمُسْلٍ
ويرحَلُand he departs لمdid not يَسْرِhe travel by night منّيfrom me بزادِwith provision
ويرحَلُ لم يَسْرِ منّي بزادِ
I remain, yet have not turned away from him for any solace;
I stand but do not stand for a farewell,
he departs on his night journey with no provision from me.
And he departs without provision from me.
كأنّاas though we إذwhen خُلقناwere created للتصافيfor mutual affection
كأنّا إذ خُلقنا للتصافي
خُلقناwere created للقطيعةfor estrangement والبعادِand separation
خُلقنا للقطيعة والبعادِ
As though, when we were made for mutual affection,
As if when we were created for cordiality
we had been made for estrangement and separation.
We were created for separation and distances.
أرىI see قلبيmy heart يطيشlose its balance إذاwhen المطاياthe mounts
أرى قلبي يطيش إذا المطايا
إلىtoward الرابينal-Rabin ياسَرهنَّsteers them leftward حادِيa camel-driver
إلى الرابين ياسَرهنَّ حادِي
I see my heart lose its balance when the mounts
Your morals have maintained my covenant with you
are steered left toward al-Rabin by a camel-driver.
They are more dutiful to it than compacts.
ولمand did not أحسبI reckon دُجَيلاDujayl منamong مياهيmy waters
ولم أحسب دُجَيلا من مياهي
ولاnor أنّthat المَطيرةَal-Matira منamong بلاديmy lands
ولا أنّ المَطيرةَ من بلادي
I had never reckoned Dujayl among my waters,
A time has been restored to me by you
nor al-Matira among my lands,
Bountiful, with fulfilled purpose.
ولاnor أنيthat I أبيتspend the night دعاىmy prayer (text unclear) يحدوdrives onward
ولا أني أبيت دعاى يحدو
إلىtoward تَكريتَTikrit ساريةَtraveling by night الغواديmorning rainclouds
إلى تَكريتَ ساريةَ الغوادي
nor that I would pass the night, my prayer driving
It has afflicted the goodness of my living in it
the night-traveling morning rainclouds toward Tikrit.
So I have rewarded it by forsaking rest.
ومنand from صُعَداءthe sighing أنفاسيof my breath شِرارsparks
ومن صُعَداء أنفاسي شِرار
تمرُّpass معwith الجَنوبthe south wind بهاthrough it تناديcry out
تمرُّ مع الجَنوب بها تنادي
Sparks rise from the sighing of my breath;
Do not assume, and your thinking of me is good,
they pass with the south wind, crying out through it.
Remains for me, and you are an attainment of my purpose.
أأحبابيO my beloveds أثارstirred البينَseparation بينيbetween me
أأحبابي أثار البينَ بيني
وبينكُمُand you مساخَطةُhostility الأعاديof the enemies
وبينكُمُ مساخَطةُ الأعادي
O my beloveds, was separation stirred between me
Nor that the blackness of my eye delights me
and you by the enemies’ hostility?
With what I have been compensated for this blackness.
سقتwatered أخلاقُكمyour virtues عهديmy bond لديكمwith you
سقت أخلاقُكم عهدي لديكم
فهنَّfor they بهto it أبرُّmore devoted منthan العِهادِrenewing rains
فهنَّ به أبرُّ من العِهادِ
Your virtues watered the bond I have with you;
How can the house of glory shelter me
they cherish it more tenderly than renewing rains.
When you do not, nor does the club of virtue gather me?
ورُدَّand was restored عليَّto me عندكُمُin your company زمانٌa season
ورُدَّ عليَّ عندكُمُ زمانٌ
مَجودُrichly rained upon الروضِin its garden مشكورُpraised المَرادِin its place of resort
مَجودُ الروضِ مشكورُ المَرادِ
A season in your company was restored to me,
If I show patience or do not show patience to return
its garden richly rained upon, its place of resort praised.
To skin I did not carry linen.
أصابتafflicted طيبَthe sweetness عيشيof my life فيهin it عينيmy eye
أصابت طيبَ عيشي فيه عيني
فقدso indeed جازيتُهاI repaid it هجرَbanishing الرقادِsleep
فقد جازيتُها هجرَ الرقادِ
My own eye cast its blight on my sweet life there,
So my ribs forget sickness
so I repaid it by banishing sleep.
And my eyelids ignore pillows.
فلاso do not تحسبsuppose وظنُّكand your opinion فيّof me خيراًgood
فلا تحسب وظنُّك فيّ خيراً
بقايَmy survival وأنتwhile you ناءٍare distant منamong مُراديmy wishes
بقايَ وأنت ناءٍ من مُرادي
So do not suppose, while thinking well of me,
I and between us, if our inclination is long
that living on while you are distant is my desire,
Or the expanse of the Tigris, which is a valley.
ولاnor أنّيthat I يسُرُّdelights سوادَthe black pupil عينيof my eye
ولا أنّي يسُرُّ سوادَ عيني
بماwith what عُوِّضتُI was compensated منin هذاthis السوادِSawad countryside
بما عُوِّضتُ من هذا السوادِ
nor that the black pupil of my eye rejoices
When my passion tossed your abode
in the compensation I have received in this Sawad.
It would not satisfy save my travel.
وكيفand how وماwhen no تَلِفُّenfolds المجدَglory دارٌdwelling
وكيف وما تَلِفُّ المجدَ دارٌ
نأتْكis far from you ولاnor يَضُمُّcontains الفضلَexcellence ناديan assembly
نأتْك ولا يَضُمُّ الفضلَ نادي
How could it, when no dwelling enfolds glory
How so when between us is a separation
far from you, nor any assembly contains excellence?
Whose length mocks the necks of steeds?
فإنso if أصبْرI endure ولمand did not أصبرI endure رُجوعاًas a return
فإن أصبْر ولم أصبر رُجوعاً
إلىto جَلدٍfortitude ولمand did not أحملI bear بآدِwith strength
إلى جَلدٍ ولم أحمل بآدِ
If I endure, my endurance is no return
And the interceptor of the island and the marshes
to fortitude, nor do I bear it through strength.
Shining from afar in the dunes.
فقدfor sometimes تُنَىare folded (text unclear) الضلوعُthe ribs علىaround سَقامٍsickness
فقد تُنَى الضلوعُ على سَقامٍ
وقدand sometimes تُغضَىare closed الجفونُthe eyelids علىover سهادِsleeplessness
وقد تُغضَى الجفونُ على سهادِ
Ribs may fold around sickness,
Caravans of black camels from water
and eyelids may close over sleeplessness.
Whose successive riders stretch across the vales.
وكنتُand I used to وبينناwhile between us إنif طالit stretched far مِيلٌa mile
وكنتُ وبيننا إن طال مِيلٌ
وإماand alternatively عرضُthe breadth دجلةَof the Tigris وهيand it is واديa river-course
وإما عرضُ دجلةَ وهي وادي
I used to—when at most a mile lay between us,
When the nights are luminous
or merely the width of the Tigris, a river-channel—
Their rider gropes in the ruins.
إذاwhen راوحتُI visited at evening دارَكyour house لجَّgrew insistent شوقيmy longing
إذا راوحتُ دارَك لجَّ شوقي
فلمso did not يُقنِعهsatisfy it إلاexcept أنthat أُغاديI visit in the morning
فلم يُقنِعه إلا أن أُغادي
find my longing persist after an evening visit to your house;
For them the hissing winds guide
nothing satisfied it but a morning visit.
And the meandering waters a calm guide.
فكيفthen how وبينناand between us للأرضof the land فَرْجٌa gulf
فكيف وبيننا للأرض فَرْجٌ
يماطِلdelays طُولُهits length عَنَقَthe swift gait الجيادِof noble steeds
يماطِل طُولُه عَنَقَ الجيادِ
How, then, with a gulf of land between us,
When they shrink on the waves, they tear
whose length delays the swift pace of noble steeds,
At the intestines or tear my heart.
ومعتَرضُand the intervening breadth الجزيرةof al-Jazira والخوافيand the hidden reaches
ومعتَرضُ الجزيرة والخوافي
منof القاطولal-Qatul تلمعgleam والبواديand the visible reaches
من القاطول تلمع والبوادي
and the intervening span of al-Jazira, and the hidden reaches
Can I see you and you see me
of al-Qatul gleaming, and those in view?
And do I have the equipment or supplies for that?
وُفودٌcompanies منof مطاياmounts الماءِof water سودٌblack
وُفودٌ من مطايا الماءِ سودٌ
روادفُهاtheir hindquarters تطولrise higher علىthan الهواديthe foreparts
روادفُها تطول على الهوادي
Black companies of water-steeds,
I will wait for time, which will someday
their hindquarters tower above their foreparts.
Extend the hand of a friend to a foe.
إذاwhen كنّthey are اللياليthe nights مقمراتٍmoonlit
إذا كنّ الليالي مقمراتٍ
فراكبُهنّthen their rider يخبطُgropes فيin الدَّآديmoonless nights
فراكبُهنّ يخبطُ في الدَّآدي
Even when the nights are moonlit,
After you we thirst, anguished and longing,
their rider gropes through moonless darkness.
As the land was nourished by you and dried up.
لهنَّfor them منfrom الرياحthe winds الهوجِwild حادٍa driver
لهنَّ من الرياح الهوجِ حادٍ
ومنand from خُلُجِchannels المياهof water العوجِwinding هاديa guide
ومن خُلُجِ المياه العوجِ هادي
The wild winds provide them with a driver,
Perhaps Muhammad was remembered favorably
and the winding water-channels with a guide.
Seeing me forgetful in this belief.
إذاwhen قمصتthey bucked علىupon الأمواجthe waves خِيلتْwere imagined
إذا قمصت على الأمواج خِيلتْ
علىupon الأحشاءthe entrails تقمِصُthey buck أوor فؤاديmy heart
على الأحشاء تقمِصُ أو فؤادي
When they buck upon the waves, they seem
And God will bring together by rapprochement
to buck upon my entrails or my heart.
The little of Qanat according to the extent of divergence.
فهلso is ليfor me أنto أراكI see you وأنand to ترانيyou see me
فهل لي أن أراك وأن تراني
وهلand is منamong عُدَّتيmy resources هيit أوor عَتاديmy equipment
وهل من عُدَّتي هي أو عَتادي
May I see you, and may you see me?
The matter I most hoped for
And do I have the resources or equipment for it?
Is your and my dependence on God.
سأنتظرI shall await الزمانَtime لهاfor it ويوماًand a day
سأنتظر الزمانَ لها ويوماً
يطيلextends يدَthe hand الصديقof the friend علىagainst المعاديthe enemy
يطيل يدَ الصديق على المعادي
For it I shall wait upon time, and upon a day
So do not be lost, and may you not lose
that extends the friend’s hand against the enemy.
An intimate whenever the distances count you among them.
ظمئناwe thirsted بعدكمafter you أسفاًwith grief وشوقاًand longing
ظمئنا بعدكم أسفاً وشوقاً
كماjust as جِيدتْwere richly rained upon بكمthrough you يُبْسُthe dry tracts البلادِof the lands
كما جِيدتْ بكم يُبْسُ البلادِ
After you, we thirsted with grief and longing,
May you be visited by generous women
just as the parched lands were drenched through you.
Who have assumed gathering companionship, it is said in Baghdad,
لعلperhaps محمداًMuhammad ذكَرتْهremembered him نُعمَىa blessing
لعل محمداً ذكَرتْه نُعمَى
ترانيyou see me ناسياًforgetting فيهregarding him اعتقاديmy trust
تراني ناسياً فيه اعتقادي
Perhaps a blessing has remembered Muhammad—
Lamenters in condolence and empathy,
you see me as forgetting my trust in him.
Lovers for congratulations and gifts,
وعلand may اللّهَGod يحبرُgladden بالتدانيthrough drawing near
وعل اللّهَ يحبرُ بالتداني
كسيرةَthe broken heart قانطٍof a despairing one حَسْبُenough التماديof prolonged delay
كسيرةَ قانطٍ حَسْبُ التمادي
And may God gladden, through reunion,
Rising in the darkness of worry like moons,
the broken heart of a despairing man—enough of this delay!
Like the rise of benefactors or hands.
وأقربُand the nearest ماwhat رجوتُI hoped for الأمرَthe matter فيهin it
وأقربُ ما رجوتُ الأمرَ فيه
علىupon اللّهGod اعتمادُكyour reliance واعتماديand my reliance
على اللّه اعتمادُك واعتمادي
The best hope I have for this matter
When they drag their trains gracefully,
is your reliance on God and mine.
A resident and nomad are adorned.
فلاso may you not تعدَمlack ولاnor يعدَمْكhe lack you خلاًa friend
فلا تعدَم ولا يعدَمْك خلاً
متىwhenever ماan emphatic particle تعْدُهُkeep him away عنكfrom you العواديcalamities
متى ما تعْدُهُ عنك العوادي
May you never lack a friend, nor may he lack you;
For you they loudly clank their armor
whenever calamities keep him far from you,
And against enemies act like armored warriors,
يزُرْكhe visits you كرائماًnoble verses متكفِّلاتٍpledged
يزُرْك كرائماً متكفِّلاتٍ
بجمعto gathering الأُنسِfellowship قيلit was said لهto it بَدادِdisperse
بجمع الأُنسِ قيل له بَدادِ
he visits you through noble verses pledged
They have nurtured, O family of Job, and settled
to reunite a fellowship told, “Disperse!”
My nurture through you in the way of eternity.
نواحبَlamenting ones فيin التعازيcondolences والتشاكيand shared complaints
نواحبَ في التعازي والتشاكي
حبائبَbeloved companions للتهانيfor congratulations والتهاديand exchanging gifts
حبائبَ للتهاني والتهادي
lamenting in condolence and shared complaint,
Is there a man who guides if you are absent
beloved companions for congratulations and exchanged gifts,
To a faithful man or steed?
طوالعَrising ones فيin سوادِblackness الهمof grief بيضاًwhite
طوالعَ في سوادِ الهم بيضاً
طلوعَthe rising المكرماتِof noble deeds أوor الأياديbenefactions
طلوعَ المكرماتِ أو الأيادي
rising white against the blackness of grief,
Who has taken the virtues apart from you
like the dawning of noble deeds or benefactions.
Like one who has taken meteors from Ziyad?
إذاwhen جرَّتْthey trailed ذلاذلَهاtheir hems بجوٍّthrough a region
إذا جرَّتْ ذلاذلَها بجوٍّ
تضوَّعgave off fragrance حاضرٌa town-dweller منهof it وباديand a nomad
تضوَّع حاضرٌ منه وبادي
When they trail their hems through a region,
town-dweller and nomad there exhale fragrance.
لهاthey have فعلُthe effect الدروعof armor عليكupon you صوتاًin sound
لها فعلُ الدروع عليك صوتاً
وفيand against الأعداءthe enemies أفعالُthe effects الصِّعادِof straight spears
وفي الأعداء أفعالُ الصِّعادِ
Their sound acts upon you like armor,
and against the enemies like straight spears.
رَبتْgrew ياO آلَhouse أيّوبٍof Ayyub وأَثَّتand grew luxuriant
رَبتْ يا آلَ أيّوبٍ وأَثَّت
رُبايَmy hillocks بكمthrough you علىdespite السَّنَةِthe year الجمادِbarren
رُبايَ بكم على السَّنَةِ الجمادِ
They have risen, O house of Ayyub, and grown luxuriant—
my hillocks, through you, despite the barren year.
فهلso is there رجلٌa man يدُلُّwho points إذاwhen عَدِمتمyou are absent
فهل رجلٌ يدُلُّ إذا عَدِمتم
علىto رجلٍa man وفيّfaithful أوor جوادِgenerous
على رجلٍ وفيّ أو جوادِ
Is there any man, when you are absent, who can point
to a faithful man or a generous one?
ومَنand whoever أخذَtakes المحاسنَvirtues عنfrom سواكمanyone besides you
ومَن أخذَ المحاسنَ عن سواكم
كمنlike one who أخذَtakes المناسبَlineages عنfrom زيادِZiyad
كمن أخذَ المناسبَ عن زيادِ
Whoever takes virtues from anyone but you
is like one who takes lineages from Ziyad.
Partial English translation: 106 of 116 Arabic lines translated.