أروَّضhas it grown green? الواديthe valley أمor ابيضَّturned white الغسقْthe dusk
أروَّض الوادي أم ابيضَّ الغسقْ
أمor طيفthe phantom of ظمياءَẒamyāʾ علىdespite النأيthe distance طرقْvisited by night
أم طيف ظمياءَ على النأي طرقْ
Has the valley grown green, or has the dusk turned white?
I tame the valley or whiten dusk,
Or has Ẓamyāʾ’s phantom visited across the distance?
Or a phantom of darkness on remote exile knocks.
جاءcame علىdespite غربتهits remoteness لمdid not يحتفلpay heed
جاء على غربته لم يحتفل
ماwhat نكدُhardship of الأرضthe earth وماand what تيهُbewilderment of الطرقْthe roads
ما نكدُ الأرض وما تيهُ الطرقْ
It came despite its remoteness, paying no heed:
He came in his estrangement, did not celebrate,
what mattered the earth’s hardship or the bewildering roads?
Neither did the land frown nor did the roads go astray.
تحملهُbears it راحلةٌa mount كاذبةٌlying
تحملهُ راحلةٌ كاذبةٌ
منof الكرىslumber تُشكرis thanked شكرَwith the gratitude for منone who صدَقْtold the truth
من الكرى تُشكر شكرَ من صدَقْ
A lying mount bears it,
A treacherous she-camel carries him
a mount of slumber, thanked as one who tells the truth.
From the towns thanking a thank you from one truthful.
فقمتso I rose أمشيI walk نائماًasleep ينفضنيshakes me
فقمت أمشي نائماً ينفضني
إكبارُawe at ماwhat خاضit waded through إليّtoward me وخرَقْand crossed
إكبارُ ما خاض إليّ وخرَقْ
I rose and walked asleep, shaken
So I walk sleeping shaken
by awe at what it had waded through and crossed to reach me.
By the arrogance of what waded to me and ripped.
مرتشفاًsipping ترابَهits dust أعرفهI recognize it
مرتشفاً ترابَه أعرفه
منfrom غيرهothers بماby what استفادit acquired منof عَبَقْfragrance
من غيره بما استفاد من عَبَقْ
Sipping its dust, I recognized it
Sipping his dust I know him
among others by the fragrance it had acquired.
Without it from what he gained of fragrance.
والركبُand the caravan قدalready ألهاهُمُdistracted them عنfrom شأنناour affair
والركبُ قد ألهاهُمُ عن شأننا
يومthe day at النخيلal-Nakhil سامنيburdened me ماwith what لمnot أُطِقْI could bear
يوم النخيل سامني ما لم أُطِقْ
The caravan had been distracted from our affair
And the caravan was distracted from our affair
by the day at al-Nakhil, which burdened me beyond endurance.
The day palms intoxicated me that I could not endure.
وناظرand an eye رقادُهits slumber منis among غدرِهِits betrayals
وناظر رقادُه من غدرِهِ
لولاbut for فراقُparting from الطيفthe phantom ماnot ذمّit condemned الأرقْsleeplessness
لولا فراقُ الطيف ما ذمّ الأرقْ
And an eye whose slumber is a betrayal—
And the watcher of his betrayal from his betrayal
but for parting from the phantom, it would not condemn sleeplessness.
Had not the phantom of the specter blamed wakefulness.
ناشدْask غصوناًbranches باللوىat al-Liwa موائلاًswaying
ناشدْ غصوناً باللوى موائلاً
طوعَobedient to النسيمthe breeze تلتويthey twist وتفترقْand spread apart
طوعَ النسيم تلتوي وتفترقْ
Ask the swaying branches at al-Liwa,
He called upon branches in wadis abodes
obedient to the breeze, twisting and spreading apart:
The breeze obeyed twisting and parting.
أهنّare they أحلىsweeter أمor قدودٌfigures تلتويthat bend
أهنّ أحلى أم قدودٌ تلتوي
شكوىin complaint علىupon جمرِthe embers of النوىseparation وتعتنقْand embrace
شكوى على جمرِ النوى وتعتنقْ
are they sweeter, or figures that bend
Are those sweeter or writhing bundles
in complaint upon separation’s embers, embracing?
A complaint on the embers of passion and embrace?
وعنand about قناةٍa spear لحظُهاits glance عاملُهاits spearhead
وعن قناةٍ لحظُها عاملُها
وحُبِّبَand becomes beloved الرمحُthe spear إنif اسْمَرَّit grows dusky ودقّْand slender
وحُبِّبَ الرمحُ إن اسْمَرَّ ودقّْ
And ask about a spear whose glance is its spearhead—
And of a canal whose glance worked it
a spear grows lovable when dusky and slender.
And the spear was loved if it darkened and knocked.
لمياءa dark-lipped beauty يُلفَىis found الظبيُthe gazelle منof أوصافهits qualities
لمياء يُلفَى الظبيُ من أوصافه
صِفراًdevoid إذاif ردّit returned الذيwhat منهاfrom her سرَقْit stole
صِفراً إذا ردّ الذي منها سرَقْ
A dark-lipped beauty: the gazelle would be stripped of its qualities
Water the deer drinks of its attributes
if it returned what it had stolen from her.
Yellow if the one who stole from it returned.
تمَّreached fullness البدورُthe moons وهلالُand the crescent of وجههاher face
تمَّ البدورُ وهلالُ وجهها
ماnot بلغreached التمّfullness بهاin her ولاnor امَّحقْwaned away
ما بلغ التمّ بها ولا امَّحقْ
The moons reach fullness, while the crescent of her face
The full moons and her crescent face completed
has neither reached fullness in her nor waned away.
What was not complete with it nor blurred.
فارقتُI parted from حولاًfor a year أهلَthe people of نجدٍNajd والهوىand love
فارقتُ حولاً أهلَ نجدٍ والهوى
ذاكthat same الهوىlove وحُرَقيand my burnings تلكَthose same الحُرَقْfires
ذاك الهوى وحُرَقي تلكَ الحُرَقْ
For a year I have been parted from Najd’s people, yet love
I left a folk of Najd's environs and passion
is that same love, and my burning those same fires.
That passion and my burning those burnings.
فقلْso tell لمنwhoever ظنّthought البعادَdistance سلوةًa consolation
فقلْ لمن ظنّ البعادَ سلوةً
لاdo not تتنحّلْclaim for yourself طعمَthe taste of شيءٍsomething لمnot تذُقْyou tasted
لا تتنحّلْ طعمَ شيءٍ لم تذُقْ
Tell whoever thinks distance brings consolation:
So say to whoever thought distance is solace
do not claim the taste of something you have not tasted.
No taste of a thing not tasted mellows.
آهah لقلبٍfor a heart شقَّsplit عنهaway from it أضلعيmy ribs
آه لقلبٍ شقَّ عنه أضلعي
منfrom الحمىthe sanctuary تخالُجُthe flickering of البرقِthe lightning الشفَقْruddy
من الحمى تخالُجُ البرقِ الشفَقْ
Ah, for a heart from which my ribs were split
Oh for a heart my ribs split from
by the flickering, ruddy lightning from the sanctuary!
From the fever wresting the twilight glow.
ثارrose بهwithin it الشوقُlonging فهبّso it sprang up فهفاthen fluttered
ثار به الشوقُ فهبّ فهفا
تطلُّعاًyearning ثمthen نزاleapt ثمthen مرَقْdarted away
تطلُّعاً ثم نزا ثم مرَقْ
Longing stirred it: it sprang up and fluttered,
Yearning in it flared so it shook and leapt
yearning, then leapt, then darted away.
Looking then descended then sped.
أنشُدهI seek it وليسand there is not فيamong أهلthe people of مِنىًMina
أنشُده وليس في أهل مِنىً
والقومand the people حَجٌّare pilgrims مَنanyone who تعرَّفَrecognized الشَّرَقْchoking anguish
والقوم حَجٌّ مَن تعرَّفَ الشَّرَقْ
I seek it, yet among Mina’s people there is none—
I solicit it but no kindred in sanctuaries
pilgrims though they are—who recognizes choking anguish.
While the throngs are pilgrims recognizing daybreak.
للّهhow wondrous عيشٌa life بالحمىin the sanctuary تعلَّقتْbecame caught
للّه عيشٌ بالحمى تعلَّقتْ
حبالُهُits cords بيدin the hand of قطَّاعthe severer of العُلَقْties
حبالُهُ بيد قطَّاع العُلَقْ
How wondrous a life in the sanctuary, whose
By God a life clinging to the fever
cords became caught in the hand of the severer of ties!
Its ropes in the hands of the life-severing calamity.
صحبتُI accompanied منهfrom it رُفقةًa company سائرةًtraveling
صحبتُ منه رُفقةً سائرةً
لوif only أمهلgave respite الحاديthe camel-driver العنيفُharsh أوor رَفَقْwas gentle
لو أمهل الحادي العنيفُ أو رَفَقْ
I traveled with a passing company from that life—
I accompanied it a traveling company
if only the harsh camel-driver had waited or been gentle!
Had the insistent guide given respite or mercy.
أيّامَin days when ليI had منof الشبابyouth دوحةٌa great tree
أيّامَ لي من الشباب دوحةٌ
ملتفَّةُtangled in الأغصانbranches خضراءُgreen in الورَقْleaves
ملتفَّةُ الأغصان خضراءُ الورَقْ
In days when youth was a great tree for me,
Days I have of youth an oasis
with tangled branches and green leaves,
Its branches entwined verdant of foliage.
ولِمَّتيand my locks تقطُرdrip منwith ماءthe water of الصِّباyouth
ولِمَّتي تقطُر من ماء الصِّبا
شرطَon the condition of المفدِّيone pledging self-sacrifice ماwhenever فلاhe deloused وماand whenever فرقْhe parted the hair
شرطَ المفدِّي ما فلا وما فرقْ
and my locks dripped with the water of youth,
And for my distracted self dripping from waters of youth
with pledges of devotion from whoever deloused or parted them.
The savior's condition neither debauchery nor difference.
إذاwhen الظباءthe gazelles نفرتْfled منfrom قانصٍa hunter
إذا الظباء نفرتْ من قانصٍ
تزاحمتْthey crowded علىonto حباليmy cords ورِبَقْand snares
تزاحمتْ على حبالي ورِبَقْ
When gazelles fled a hunter,
When the deer bolted from an archer
they crowded into my cords and snares.
Crowding my ropes and milling.
فاليومَso today لاnot أرجعI return إلاexcept مخفقاًempty-handed
فاليومَ لا أرجع إلا مخفقاً
محصَّنَkeeping sheathed المديةthe knife مثنيّfolding الورقْthe net (reading uncertain)
محصَّنَ المدية مثنيّ الورقْ
Today I return only empty-handed,
So today I will only return defeated
my knife sheathed and my hunting net folded.
The sanctuary's fold doubled in foliage.
قالواthey said المشيبُgray hair لِبسةٌa garment جديدةٌnew
قالوا المشيبُ لِبسةٌ جديدةٌ
خذواtake الجديدَthe new واسترِدّواand recover ليfor me الخَلَقْthe worn-out
خذوا الجديدَ واسترِدّوا لي الخَلَقْ
They said, “Gray hair is a new garment.”
They said the gray hair is a new garment
Take the new one, and recover the worn one for me!
Take the new and return my nature to me.
أسلفتُI formerly dealt دهريwith my age غَبَناًunfairly فارتجعتْthen reclaimed
أسلفتُ دهري غَبَناً فارتجعتْ
أحداثُهُits vicissitudes منيfrom me الذيwhat كانit had استحقّْbeen owed
أحداثُهُ مني الذي كان استحقّْ
I dealt unfairly with my age in earlier days; then
I paid my lifetime usury so its events
its vicissitudes reclaimed from me what it was owed.
Took from me what I deserved.
كمhow often قدindeed ركبتI rode ظهرهits back ولُجُميand my bridles
كم قد ركبت ظهره ولُجُمي
تُبدِلُهexchange for it عنinstead of العليقfodder بالعَلَقْblood
تُبدِلُه عن العليق بالعَلَقْ
How often I rode its back, while my bridles
How much did I mount its back and my spurs
gave it blood instead of fodder!
Change it from steed to mule.
أجريتُهI drove it ركضاًgalloping إلىtoward مآربيmy desires
أجريتُه ركضاً إلى مآربي
وخَبَباًand trotting حتىuntil أفوزَI win بالسبَقْthe prize
وخَبَباً حتى أفوزَ بالسبَقْ
I drove it galloping toward my desires,
I raced it galloping toward my goals
and trotting, until I might win the prize.
And deceitfully so I would win the race.
فلمand did not تزلcease to be خُطاهits strides بيwith me قصيرةًshort
فلم تزل خُطاه بي قصيرةً
وجَلَديand my endurance حتىuntil رضيتI settled بالعَنَقْfor an amble
وجَلَدي حتى رضيت بالعَنَقْ
Its strides beneath me kept growing shorter,
Yet its steps with me remained short
and my endurance too, until I settled for an amble.
And my skin until I accepted the yoke.
قالتshe said يئسْتَyou despaired فجلستَso you sat حَجْرةًapart
قالت يئسْتَ فجلستَ حَجْرةً
والرزقُwhile livelihood فيelsewhere أخرىin another place يصوبُrains down ويَدِقْand patters
والرزقُ في أخرى يصوبُ ويَدِقْ
She said, “You despaired and sat apart,
It said you despaired so you sat idly
while livelihood elsewhere rains down and patters.
While sustenance in another aims and knocks.
مزمَّلاًwrapped بعيشةٍin a livelihood ذبذابةٍwavering
مزمَّلاً بعيشةٍ ذبذابةٍ
لمnot يَكِسِwas shrewd الدهرُtime بهاwith it ولاnor حَمُقْwas foolish
لم يَكِسِ الدهرُ بها ولا حَمُقْ
Wrapped in a wavering livelihood,
Sheltering in a measly livelihood
with which time has been neither shrewd nor foolish,
Which fate did not ripen nor cook.
تألفُyou cling to داراًa home بالعراقِin Iraq جدبُهاits barrenness
تألفُ داراً بالعراقِ جدبُها
قدalready عدِمَhas exhausted اللحمَthe flesh وعادand turned back يَعترِقْto gnawing bones
قد عدِمَ اللحمَ وعاد يَعترِقْ
you cling to a home in Iraq whose barrenness
You befriend a house in barren Iraq
has exhausted the flesh and turned to gnawing bones.
Missing meat and the cooking pot boiling.
أضَرَبتْhave closed in? أسدادُbarriers of جوٍّsky غيرَهاbeyond it
أضَرَبتْ أسدادُ جوٍّ غيرَها
علىupon المطيّthe mounts أمor علىupon الأرضthe earth طَبقْa lid
على المطيّ أم على الأرض طَبقْ
Have barriers in the sky beyond it closed in
Other houses than it sealed off the air
upon the mounts, or has a lid covered the earth?
Upon the mount or upon the ground spread.
يُحبُّloves كِسرَa corner of البيتthe house إماeither عاطلٌone devoid
يُحبُّ كِسرَ البيت إما عاطلٌ
منof العلاgreatness أوor طائشflighty القلبِin heart فرِقْafraid
من العلا أو طائش القلبِ فرِقْ
Only one devoid of greatness loves a corner of the house,
A vacant house is loved to be demolished
or one whose heart is flighty and afraid.
Either from the heights or a frivolous heart separated.
مَجثَمتانِtwo perches أينwhere أنتare you منهماin relation to them
مَجثَمتانِ أين أنت منهما
هماthey both الثرىare the earth وأنتَwhile you بيضاءُare the brightness of الأُفقْthe horizon
هما الثرى وأنتَ بيضاءُ الأُفقْ
Two perches—what have you to do with either?
Two eye sockets where are you from them
Both are the earth, while you are the bright horizon.”
They are the soil and you the horizon's whiteness.
عنّيaway from me فماand how أعدلهاjust it is قضيّةًas a judgment
عنّي فما أعدلها قضيّةً
لوif أنّindeed منwhoever يُحرَمis deprived بالفضلfor excellence رُزِقْwere rewarded
لو أنّ من يُحرَم بالفضل رُزِقْ
Away from me! How just a judgment that would be,
Regard me what equitable case
if those deprived were rewarded for their excellence!
If one deprived were granted bounty.
أماhave you not رأيتِseen الفضلَexcellence واجتماعَهand its gathering
أما رأيتِ الفضلَ واجتماعَه
فيin وطنa homeland والحظَّand good fortune قلّماrarely اتفقْcoincide
في وطن والحظَّ قلّما اتفقْ
Have you not seen that excellence gathered
Have you not seen bounty and its gathering
in one homeland rarely coincides with good fortune?
In a homeland and fortune rarely conjoins.
العربيُّthe Arab راقعٌpatching شَملتَهُhis cloak
العربيُّ راقعٌ شَملتَهُ
والقرويّand the townsman بالنُّضارwith gold ينتطِقْgirdles himself
والقرويّ بالنُّضار ينتطِقْ
The Arab patches his cloak,
The Bedouin is a blanket covering it
while the townsman girdles himself with gold.
And the peasant articulate and brilliant.
منwho ليwill find me بسوقِa market of المائقينfools يُشترَىis bought
من لي بسوقِ المائقين يُشترَى
حلميَmy forbearance فيهاin it برفَاغةِfor the carefree ease of النَّزقْrecklessness
حلميَ فيها برفَاغةِ النَّزقْ
Who will find me a market of fools where
Who do I have in the market of the excellent to be bought
my forbearance may be bought for recklessness’s carefree ease?
My dream in it with the splendor of scattering.
وقدand indeed حرصتُI strove مطلِقاًletting loose أعنَّتيmy reins
وقد حرصتُ مطلِقاً أعنَّتي
لوif only أنّindeed معقولَwhat is tethered by القضاءfate ينطلقْcould break loose
لو أنّ معقولَ القضاء ينطلقْ
I have striven, letting my reins run free—
And I have focused my capacity
if only what fate has tethered could break loose!
If only the reasonable fate would unleash.
والشعرُand poetry قدindeed أبضعتُهI consigned it to trade فكاسدٌso unsold
والشعرُ قد أبضعتُه فكاسدٌ
أوor نافقٌselling وليتand would that شعريmy poetry ماhad not نَفَقْsold
أو نافقٌ وليت شعري ما نَفَقْ
I have consigned my poetry to trade: it lies unsold,
And poetry I made barren so it is fruitless
or sells—and would my verse had never sold!
Or hypocritical would that my poetry spent.
عبَّدتُهI enslaved it حرّاًthough freeborn لقومٍto people عنُفُواwho were harsh
عبَّدتُه حرّاً لقومٍ عنُفُوا
بملكهin owning it فماso it did not نجاescape حتىuntil أبِقْit ran away
بملكه فما نجا حتى أبِقْ
I enslaved it, though freeborn, to people harsh
I disciplined it free for a people who were unjust
in their ownership; it escaped only by running away.
With its possession so it did not remain until I perished.
فصرتُso I came to إنwhenever أردتهI wanted it لمثلهاfor the same purpose
فصرتُ إن أردته لمثلها
أبَىit refused عليَّme خيفةًout of fear منهاof it وشقّْand resisted
أبَى عليَّ خيفةً منها وشقّْ
Now, whenever I want it for the same purpose,
So if I wanted it for its like
it refuses me, afraid of that treatment, and resists.
It refused me fearing them and was obstinate.
وقدand indeed عصانيit defied me فيconcerning المولكkings زمناًfor a time
وقد عصاني في المولك زمناً
فهلso will تُرىdo you think يُسمِحُit consent فيto مدحpraising السُّوَقْcommoners
فهل تُرى يُسمِحُ في مدح السُّوَقْ
It has defied me over kings for a long time;
And it disobeyed me politically for a time
will it, do you think, consent to praising commoners?
Will it then be seen forgiving in praising the markets?
لوif كانwere كالأميرlike the emir كلُّevery سامعlistener
لو كان كالأمير كلُّ سامع
لمnot يُحتبَسْit would be held back عنfrom شأوهits course ولمand not يُعَقْhindered
لم يُحتبَسْ عن شأوه ولم يُعَقْ
If every listener were like the emir,
If each listener were like the prince
it would not be held back from its course or hindered.
Its glory would not be detained nor tied.
ولوand if بسعدwith Saʿd الدولةal-Dawla اشتغالهits occupation
ولو بسعد الدولة اشتغاله
مذsince سارit set forth ماnot سارit proceeded بمدحٍwith praise مختلَقْfabricated
مذ سار ما سار بمدحٍ مختلَقْ
Had its occupation been with Saʿd al-Dawla
And if Sa'd al-Dawla busied it
since it first set forth, it would never have offered fabricated praise.
Since he walked whatever he walked in disjointed praise.
حارنit balked ماas long as حارنit balked وارتاضand grew tractable لهfor him
حارن ما حارن وارتاض له
لقدindeed أرمَّit kept silent ولأمرand for a reason ماsome نطقْit spoke
لقد أرمَّ ولأمر ما نطقْ
It balked as long as it balked, then grew tractable for him;
They were confused what confused them and pleased him
it had indeed kept silent, and spoke for a reason.
He certainly stumbled and the matter did not speak.
أصابit found كفئاًa worthy match ورأىand saw ضريبةًa target
أصاب كفئاً ورأى ضريبةً
ففالتَso it slipped from الغِمدَthe sheath إليهاtoward it واندلقْand swept forth
ففالتَ الغِمدَ إليها واندلقْ
It found a worthy match and saw a target,
He met a peer and saw a tax
so it slipped from its sheath toward it and swept forth.
So the sword slipped to it and slid.
ومرّand sped مشتاقاًeager معwith الأوصافthe descriptions لاnot
ومرّ مشتاقاً مع الأوصاف لا
تُملَكcan be controlled منهof it صهوةٌa saddleback ولاnor عُنُقْa neck
تُملَك منه صهوةٌ ولا عُنُقْ
It sped eagerly with the descriptions; neither
And he passed craving the attributes not
its saddleback nor its neck could be controlled.
Controllable an onrush or neck.
طابتwere pleasing لهto it الأنباءُthe reports فاستروحهاso it enjoyed them
طابت له الأنباءُ فاستروحها
شَمّاًby smelling وللجودand generosity has رياحٌbreezes تُنتَشَقْthat are inhaled
شَمّاً وللجود رياحٌ تُنتَشَقْ
The reports delighted it, and it took pleasure
Good tidings came to him so he smelled them
in their scent: generosity has breezes to inhale.
A scent and for generosity winds blow and sniff.
ياO راكباًrider تنقُلهbears him سابحةٌa swimmer
يا راكباً تنقُله سابحةٌ
ورهاءُheadlong لاnot منfrom جِنّةٍmadness ولاnor خُرُقْclumsiness
ورهاءُ لا من جِنّةٍ ولا خُرُقْ
O rider borne by a swimmer,
O rider a floating raft carries you
headlong, though not through madness or clumsiness,
A mirage not of a garden nor tear.
سوداءblack منin لباسهاits clothing وجلدهاand its skin
سوداء من لباسها وجلدها
وجسمُهاand its body أبيضُwhite عريانnaked يَقَقْbrilliantly pale
وجسمُها أبيضُ عريان يَقَقْ
black in its clothing and its skin,
Black of its clothes and skin
while its body is naked, white, and brilliantly pale!
And its body white bare gleaming.
أرضعهاsuckled it البحرُthe sea وربَّاهاand reared it وماand not
أرضعها البحرُ وربَّاها وما
تخشَىit fears علىdespite ذاكthat ردىًdeath منfrom الغرَقْdrowning
تخشَى على ذاك ردىً من الغرَقْ
The sea suckled and reared it, yet
The sea suckled and raised it and it does not
despite that, it fears no death by drowning.
Fear for that any harm from drowning.
إذاwhen المطاياthe mounts ألِمَتْsuffered منfrom الصدىthirst
إذا المطايا ألِمَتْ من الصدى
خِمساًafter five days وعِشراًand ten days ألِمتit suffered منfrom الشَّرَقْchoking
خِمساً وعِشراً ألِمت من الشَّرَقْ
When mounts suffer thirst
If the mounts hurt from an echo
after five days or ten, it suffers from choking on water.
Five and ten hurt from daybreak.
تُحدَىis driven برَجزٍby a chant ليسnot منfrom أشجانهاits sorrows
تُحدَى برَجزٍ ليس من أشجانها
ونَغمٍand melodies لمnot يُصبِهاafflicted it ولمand not يَشُقْdistressed it
ونَغمٍ لم يُصبِها ولم يَشُقْ
It is driven by a chant not born of its sorrows,
It is challenged with firmness not of its passions
and melodies that have neither afflicted nor distressed it.
And a melody did not inspire it nor split it.
تركبit rides منamid هُوجthe violent blasts of الرياحthe winds غَرَراًhazardously
تركب من هُوج الرياح غَرَراً
وماand not لهاit has إلاexcept بهنّthrough them مرتفقْsupport
وما لها إلا بهنّ مرتفقْ
It hazards the blasts of violent winds,
It rides the winds' madness as if deceived
yet only through them can it find support.
And it has none but plunge in its intentions.
بلِّغdeliver بميسانat Maysan إذاwhen بلغتهاyou reach it
بلِّغ بميسان إذا بلغتها
عاقلةَthe tether of الثاويthe resident وزادَand the provision of المنطلِقْthe traveler
عاقلةَ الثاوي وزادَ المنطلِقْ
Deliver at Maysan, when you reach it,
Communicate when you reach it
to the resident’s tether and the traveler’s provision,
The setters of the encampment and the supplies of the launched.
وقمراًand a moon يطلعrising فيin سمائهاits sky
وقمراً يطلع في سمائها
ونورُهand its light فيin الخافقيْنthe two horizons يأتلِقْshines
ونورُه في الخافقيْن يأتلِقْ
and to a moon rising in its sky,
And a moon rising in its heavens
whose light shines in the eastern and western horizons.
And its light in the horizons kindling.
وقلand say كماas شاءwished الندىgenerosity لخالدٍto Khalid
وقل كما شاء الندى لخالدٍ
قولةَwords of لاno تخلُّبٍbeguiling ولاnor مَلَقْflattery
قولةَ لا تخلُّبٍ ولا مَلَقْ
Tell Khalid, as generosity would wish,
And say however the dew desired for Khalid
words neither beguiling nor flattering:
Words no guile and no patches.
ياO خيرbest of منthose who حلّتalighted علىat أبوابهhis doors
يا خير من حلّت على أبوابه
رحائلthe saddles of البُدْنstout camels وحاجاتand the needs of الرُّفقْtraveling companies
رحائل البُدْن وحاجات الرُّفقْ
O best of those at whose doors have alighted
O best of those who pitched at his gates
the saddles of stout camels and the needs of traveling companies!
The she-camel litters and needs of mercy.
ومَنand one whom أتتهthey came to كالحبالlike ropes عَجَفاًlean
ومَن أتته كالحبال عَجَفاً
ورَجعتْand returned كالوَسْقِlike a great load منfrom تحتbeneath الوَسَقْthe load
ورَجعتْ كالوَسْقِ من تحت الوَسَقْ
O you to whom they came lean as ropes,
And those who came to him like ropes ceaselessly
and returned like great loads beneath their loads!
And returned like banners beneath banners.
لولاbut for السماحُliberality وغرامٌand a passion بالندىfor generosity
لولا السماحُ وغرامٌ بالندى
لماyou would not قَرعتَhave knocked on تطلبُseeking المالَwealth الحَلَقْdoor-rings
لما قَرعتَ تطلبُ المالَ الحَلَقْ
But for liberality and a passion for generosity,
Had it not been for generosity and passion for dew
you would never have knocked at door-rings seeking wealth,
You would not have knocked seeking scattered money.
ولاnor شهدتَwitnessed اليومَthe day تغليboiling قِدرُهits cauldron
ولا شهدتَ اليومَ تغلي قِدرُه
لوif لمnot يَصُبْpoured ماءُthe fluid of الطُّلَىthroats فيهinto it احترقْit would burn
لو لم يَصُبْ ماءُ الطُّلَى فيه احترقْ
nor witnessed a day whose cauldron boils,
And you would not have witnessed today his pot boiling
which would burn unless the blood of throats poured into it.
Had not the water of requital ignited in it and burned.
عمّتspread علىover أشعارهاtheir coats صبائغٌdyes
عمّت على أشعارها صبائغٌ
تولّدتwere born بينbetween النجيعِfresh blood والعرَقْand sweat
تولّدت بين النجيعِ والعرَقْ
Dyes have spread across their coats,
Inks have spread over its lines
born between fresh blood and sweat.
Born between stars and the Pleiades.
يحملنthey carry كلَّevery خائضٍone plunging into بحرَthe sea of الندىgenerosity
يحملن كلَّ خائضٍ بحرَ الندى
حتىuntil يرىhe sees الموجَthe waves عليهover him ينطبِقْclosing
حتى يرى الموجَ عليه ينطبِقْ
They carry every rider who plunges into generosity’s sea,
They carry whoever talks big in the sea of dew
until he sees its waves closing over him,
Until he sees the wave fold over him.
كأنهas though he بالموتin death يقضيfulfills لذّةًa pleasure
كأنه بالموت يقضي لذّةً
أوor بفراقِby parting with نفسهِhis soul يشفيsoothes حَنَقْa rage
أو بفراقِ نفسهِ يشفي حَنَقْ
as though in death he fulfilled a pleasure,
As if he concludes pleasure through death
or by parting with his soul soothed a rage.
Or cures anguish by leaving his soul.
كتيبةa battalion خرساءsilent إلاexcept قونَسٌa helmet
كتيبة خرساء إلا قونَسٌ
يطِنُّrings أوor خرَّfell غلامٌa young warrior فصَعِقْand was struck dead
يطِنُّ أو خرَّ غلامٌ فصَعِقْ
A silent battalion, except for a helmet
A silent battalion but for battle cries
ringing, or a young warrior falling, struck dead.
Or a youth shrieked so collapsed.
لمnot ترit saw منbefore قبلكyou خِرْقاًa daring man قادهاwho led it
لم تر من قبلك خِرْقاً قادها
أُسْدَlions of شَرىًShara تهفوflutter عليهنّabove them الخُرُقْbanners
أُسْدَ شَرىً تهفو عليهنّ الخُرُقْ
Before you it never saw a daring man to lead it—
You have not before you seen a tear led by
lions of Shara, with banners fluttering above them.
A lion of evil upon them the shreds swarmed.
إذاwhen طغىoverwhelmed علىover الصليقthe clamor زأرُهاtheir roaring
إذا طغى على الصليق زأرُها
فأضلُعُthen the ribs of البصرةِBasra منهاfrom it تَصطفِقْclash and tremble
فأضلُعُ البصرةِ منها تَصطفِقْ
When their roaring overwhelms the clamor,
When its roar covered the smooth terrain
Basra’s ribs clash and tremble at it.
The ribs of Basra from it would pound.
لواؤكyour banner المرفوعُraised منfrom أمامهاbefore them
لواؤك المرفوعُ من أمامها
لمnot ينخفضlowered ولاnor هوىfell منذsince بسَقْit rose high
لم ينخفض ولا هوى منذ بسَقْ
Your banner, raised before them,
Your raised banner ahead of them
has neither lowered nor fallen since it rose.
Did not lower nor did it fall since erected.
كأنهas though it أبصرsaw أكبادthe livers of العداthe enemies
كأنه أبصر أكباد العدا
تنزوleaping فأعداهso infected it الخفوقُthe throbbing فخفقْand it fluttered
تنزو فأعداه الخفوقُ فخفقْ
It seems to have seen the enemy’s livers
As if it saw the livers of enemies
leaping, and caught their throbbing, so it fluttered.
So the fluttering hearts fluttered and beat.
قدindeed جرّبواthey tried كيدكyour stratagem أمسِyesterday والذيand what
قد جرّبوا كيدك أمسِ والذي
عندat غدٍtomorrow أشقىis more grievous عليهمfor them وأشقّْand harder
عند غدٍ أشقى عليهم وأشقّْ
They tried your stratagem yesterday; what
They have tried your plot yesterday and that
tomorrow holds is more grievous and harder for them.
Of tomorrow is more miserable for them and tears.
ياO فارسknight of القرطاسpaper والسيفِand the sword لقدindeed
يا فارس القرطاس والسيفِ لقد
جمعتَyou united منfrom ذيwhat possesses طرَفَينtwo ends مفترَقْfar-separated
جمعتَ من ذي طرَفَين مفترَقْ
O knight of paper and sword, you have
O horseman of the paper and sword indeed
united what had two far-separated ends.
You gathered one of two disparate halves.
حتىuntil لقالواthey would say طاعنٌone thrusting بقلمٍwith a pen
حتى لقالوا طاعنٌ بقلمٍ
أوor كاتبٌa writer بالرمحwith a spear فيupon الطِّرسparchment مشقْtracing strokes
أو كاتبٌ بالرمح في الطِّرس مشقْ
So they would call you one who thrusts with a pen,
Until some said a critic with a pen
or a writer tracing strokes with a spear upon parchment.
Or writer with a spear on parchment tearing.
عرفتَyou knew منwithin نفسكyourself ماwhat لمnot يعرفواthey knew
عرفتَ من نفسك ما لم يعرفوا
فطِرتَso you flew حتىuntil صرتَyou became حيثwhere تستحِقّْyou deserve
فطِرتَ حتى صرتَ حيث تستحِقّْ
You knew in yourself what they did not know,
You knew yourself what they did not know
and flew until you reached the place you deserve.
So you nimbly rose where you deserve.
كمhow often عجبواthey marveled منكat you وأنتwhile you تَرتقيwere climbing
كم عجبوا منك وأنت تَرتقي
وانتظرواand awaited فيكin you الزليلَstumbling والزلَقْand slipping
وانتظروا فيك الزليلَ والزلَقْ
How often they marveled at you as you climbed,
How they were amazed by you while you climbed
and waited for your stumble and your slip!
And expected slipping and sliding from you.
وخاوصوكand squinted at you حَسداًin envy بأعينٍwith eyes
وخاوصوك حَسداً بأعينٍ
لمnot تحفِلyou heeded الشّهلةَthe hazel منهاamong them والزَّرَقْand the blue
لم تحفِل الشّهلةَ منها والزَّرَقْ
They narrowed their eyes at you in envy;
And they whispered to you enviously with eyes
you heeded neither their hazel eyes nor their blue.
The squint and blue did not heed.
حتىuntil تركتyou left النجمthe star فيin خضرائهits green sky
حتى تركت النجم في خضرائه
يخطِرُstrutting زهواًproudly أنbecause سبَقتَyou went ahead ولحِقْand it followed
يخطِرُ زهواً أن سبَقتَ ولحِقْ
Until you left the star in its green sky,
Until you left the star in its greenery
strutting proudly that you had gone ahead and it had followed.
Boasting that you preceded and caught up.
فالمالso wealth إنif لمnot تلتحفyou wrap yourself بريشهin its feathers
فالمال إن لم تلتحف بريشه
ولمand not تنُطْهyou fasten it بيدٍto a hand ولمand not تُلِقْyou retain it
ولم تنُطْه بيدٍ ولم تُلِقْ
Wealth, if you do not wrap yourself in its feathers,
For money if you do not wrap in its feathers
or fasten it to a hand or hold it back,
And do not groom in hand nor throw.
أنفقتهyou spent it فيin الجودgenerosity فهوso it is بدَدٌscattered
أنفقته في الجود فهو بدَدٌ
فيthroughout الأرضthe earth حتىuntil ماnot لهit has منكfrom you نفَقْan outlet
في الأرض حتى ما له منك نفَقْ
you spend in generosity, and it lies scattered
You spent it in charity so it is scattered
throughout the earth, until it has no further outlet from you.
In the land until none of it you spent.
والحوضُand the basin يُفنيهdrains it اعتوارُthe succession of شَفَةٍone lip
والحوضُ يُفنيه اعتوارُ شَفَةٍ
فشفةٍthen another lip وإنeven if علاit rises high وإنand even if عمُقْit is deep
فشفةٍ وإن علا وإن عمُقْ
A basin is drained by the succession of one lip
And the pool exhausts the edge of a lip
after another, however high or deep it is.
Then a lip though it rose and deepened.
وفْرُthe wealth of الفتىa man ماwhat شاءhe chooses منof حديثهhis renown
وفْرُ الفتى ما شاء من حديثه
والمجدُand glory فيis in غيرother than النُّضارِgold والورِقْand silver
والمجدُ في غير النُّضارِ والورِقْ
A man’s wealth is the renown he chooses;
A young man's abundance what he willed of his discourse
glory lies elsewhere than in gold and silver.
And glory not in bloom or foliage.
هلwould لكyou have فيan affection ودٍّdespite علىthe great distance of شحطseparation's النوىremoteness
هل لك في ودٍّ على شحط النوى
صفَاbecame pure علىamid غِشِّthe falseness of المودّاتfriendships ورَقّْand grew tender
صفَا على غِشِّ المودّات ورَقّْ
Would you have an affection that, despite far separation,
Do you have affection on the benevolence of passion
is pure amid false friendships, and tender?
Pure over the cheating of affection and thin?
وصاحبٍand a companion كماas اشترطتَyou stipulated صاحباًa companion
وصاحبٍ كما اشترطتَ صاحباً
أخلصَmost sincere ماas كانhe was إذاwhen قلتَyou said مَذَقْhe diluted his affection
أخلصَ ما كان إذا قلتَ مَذَقْ
And a companion such as you stipulated,
And a companion as you stipulated a companion
most sincere when you say he has diluted his affection?
Most loyal however you stated taste?
يكيلكmeasures out to you البِرَّkindness بصاعٍfor one bushel أَصوُعاًmany bushels
يكيلك البِرَّ بصاعٍ أَصوُعاً
وإنand if عققتَyou mistreated him غيرَwithout عذرٍan excuse لمnot يعُقّْhe mistreated you
وإن عققتَ غيرَ عذرٍ لم يعُقّْ
He measures kindness to you in bushels for each bushel,
Who measures your righteousness in bushels
and if you mistreat him without excuse, he does not mistreat you.
Even if you break without excuse he does not blame.
مطهَّرِpurified in الشيمةِcharacter غُنمٌa gain قربُهُhis nearness
مطهَّرِ الشيمةِ غُنمٌ قربُهُ
محبَّبِbeloved in الإكثارabundant speech محفوظِguarded in النُّطُقْutterance
محبَّبِ الإكثار محفوظِ النُّطُقْ
Pure in character, his nearness is a gain;
Clean of bearing close to him a flock
welcome when he speaks at length, guarded in his words.
Endearing of multiplying guarded of speech.
لاnot يشربhe drinks الراحَwine لأنso that تُسكِرهit intoxicates him
لا يشرب الراحَ لأن تُسكِره
لكنbut لأنso that يجذُبهاhe draws from it حسنَgoodness of الخُلُقْcharacter
لكن لأن يجذُبها حسنَ الخُلُقْ
He does not drink wine to become drunk,
He does not drink wine lest it intoxicates him
but to draw good temper from it.
But to pull it for fine manners’ sake.
سيفa sword إذاif أنتyou عرفتَrecognized قدرَهits worth
سيف إذا أنت عرفتَ قدرَه
فَرَىcut through بأعناقthe necks of عِداكyour enemies وفَلَقْand cleaved
فَرَى بأعناق عِداك وفَلَقْ
A sword that, if you recognize its worth,
A sword when you knew its worth
cuts through your enemies’ necks and cleaves them.
It saw with the necks of your enemies and split.
أتاهreached him عنكabout you منfrom أحاديثreports of الندىgenerosity
أتاه عنك من أحاديث الندى
والمجدِand glory ماwhat صباhe yearned إليهtoward وأرِقْand stayed awake for
والمجدِ ما صبا إليه وأرِقْ
Reports of your generosity reached him,
There reached him from you talk of dew
and of your glory, that drew his longing and kept him awake.
And glory pouring to him and dripping.
فساقهاso he brought her عذراءَa virgin ماnot خطبتَهاyou courted her
فساقها عذراءَ ما خطبتَها
وكمand how often غلاbid high خِطبٌa suitor بهاfor her فلمyet not تُسَقْshe was brought
وكم غلا خِطبٌ بها فلم تُسَقْ
So he brought her, a virgin you had not courted;
So it drew them virgins you did not ask for
many a suitor bid high for her, yet she was not brought to him.
And how many proposals boiled for them and were not drawn.
ثمينةَcostly in البُضعِbridal union حصيناًstrongly guarded سرّهاher secret
ثمينةَ البُضعِ حصيناً سرّها
علىagainst الرجالmen حرّةًa free woman لاnot تُسترَقّْenslaved
على الرجال حرّةً لا تُسترَقّْ
Costly in bridal union, her secret strongly guarded
Precious of womb safeguarded its secret
against men, a free woman who cannot be enslaved.
From men noble not to be robbed.
إنif آنستْshe perceives خيراًgoodness أقامتshe stays أوor رأتshe sees
إن آنستْ خيراً أقامت أو رأت
ضيماًoppression أجازpermits حكمهاher judgment أنthat تنطلِقْshe depart
ضيماً أجاز حكمها أن تنطلِقْ
If she perceives goodness, she stays; or if she sees
If she sensed good she remained or saw
oppression, her own judgment permits her to depart.
Injustice she allowed her ruling to escape.
العَقدُmarriage والتطليقُand divorce للبعلbelong to the husband وفيand in
العَقدُ والتطليقُ للبعل وفي
قبضتهاher grasp أقرَّdoes remain? بعلٌa husband أمor طَلِقْis released
قبضتها أقرَّ بعلٌ أم طَلِقْ
Marriage and divorce belong to the husband; yet in
The contract and divorce are the husband’s but in
her grasp it lies whether a husband stays or is released.
Her hands a husband confirmed or divorced.
إنسيّةa human creature تحسَبyou consider نفثَthe breath of سِحرهاher magic
إنسيّة تحسَب نفثَ سِحرها
كلامَthe speech of جِنِّيٍّa jinn حكىrepeating ماwhat يسترِقْit steals by listening
كلامَ جِنِّيٍّ حكى ما يسترِقْ
A human creature, yet you would think her magical breath
Feminine she counts the breath of her witchery
the speech of a jinn repeating what it steals by listening.
Talk of a crafty jinn who steals.
حاضرةa city-dweller تحسبهاyou consider her باديةًa desert woman
حاضرة تحسبها باديةً
تديَّرتْsettled in داراتِthe hollows of خبتٍKhabt فالبُرَقْthen the stony hills
تديَّرتْ داراتِ خبتٍ فالبُرَقْ
A city-dweller whom you would think a desert woman,
Present you think her unsettled
settled in Khabt’s hollows, then the stony hills.
The cycles of occultation wandered so lightning cracked.
أخَّرهاplaced her late الميلادُbirth وهيwhile she رتبةًin rank
أخَّرها الميلادُ وهي رتبةً
فيin الشعرpoetry بالتقديمto precedence أولىmore worthy وأحقّْand more entitled
في الشعر بالتقديم أولى وأحقّْ
Birth placed her late, though in rank
Birth delayed her but in rank
among poems she is more worthy and entitled to precedence.
In poetry precedence is more rightful for her.
إذاif قرنتَyou compare بالفحولwith master poets شأوَهاher course
إذا قرنتَ بالفحول شأوَها
حكمتَyou judge أنthat السابقَthe predecessor الذيis the one who سُبِقْwas surpassed
حكمتَ أن السابقَ الذي سُبِقْ
If you compare her course with the master poets,
If you matched her glory with the stalwarts
you will judge the predecessor to be the one surpassed.
You would judge the early arrived was arrived at.
فاجتلِهاso unveil her منfrom فمthe mouth of راوٍa reciter قدwho has فَرَىworn away
فاجتلِها من فم راوٍ قد فَرَى
بالسعيthrough striving فيهاover her لكfor you دهراًa lifetime وخَلَقْand worn it thin
بالسعي فيها لك دهراً وخَلَقْ
Unveil her from a reciter’s lips; he has worn away
So draw her from the mouth of a narrator who saw
a lifetime in labor over her for you, wearing it thin.
In striving her for you an age and people.
أَشفقَhe feared أنthat يَعْطُلَmight lack adornment وهيthough she مفخرٌis a source of pride
أَشفقَ أن يَعْطُلَ وهي مفخرٌ
عرضُكyour honor منهاfrom her والمحبُّand the lover ذوpossesses شَفَقْconcern
عرضُك منها والمحبُّ ذو شَفَقْ
He feared, though she is a source of pride,
Who pitied disabling while she prides
that your honor might lack her adornment; a lover is full of concern.
Your prominence from her and the lover has pity.
فاشكرso thank لهhim for ماwhat حملَتْcarried يمينُهhis right hand
فاشكر له ما حملَتْ يمينُه
منهاof her وماand what فتَّقَhe unstitched فيهاin her ورتَقْand stitched
منها وما فتَّقَ فيها ورتَقْ
Thank him for what his right hand carried
So thank him for what her right hand carried
of her, and what he unstitched and stitched in her.
Of it and how he picked and climbed in it.
واعرفand recognize لمهديهاfor her giver لكto you افتتاحَهhis opening
واعرف لمهديها لك افتتاحَه
فيin المدحpraise باباًa door عنto سواكothers besides you منغلقْclosed
في المدح باباً عن سواك منغلقْ
Recognize that her giver has opened for you
And know for her birthplace its inauguration
a door in praise closed to everyone else.
In praise a door to you shut off others.
وجازِهِand reward him وابقَand remain علىfaithful to ودادهhis affection
وجازِهِ وابقَ على وداده
مسلَّماًsafe ماas long as طردdrives away الليلَthe night الفلقْdaybreak
مسلَّماً ما طرد الليلَ الفلقْ
Reward him, and remain faithful to his affection,
And reward him remaining in his affection
safe, as long as daybreak drives the night away.
Surrendered whatever the dawn separated.
ولاand do not تَعَلَّلْcontent yourself باستماعwith hearing غيرِهاothers besides her
ولا تَعَلَّلْ باستماع غيرِها
فإنماfor only تلكthose بُنيَّاتُare little daughters of الطُّرُقْthe byways
فإنما تلك بُنيَّاتُ الطُّرُقْ
Do not content yourself with hearing other poems;
And do not justify listening to another
for those are only little daughters of the byways.
Those are merely false trails.