كَرَمُgenerosity of الطَّبْعِnatural disposition شِيمَةُthe trait of الأَمْجَادِthe illustrious
كَرَمُ الطَّبْعِ شِيمَةُ الأَمْجَادِ
وَجَفَاءُand harshness of الأَخْلاقِmanners شَأْنُthe way of الْجَمَادِinanimate things
وَجَفَاءُ الأَخْلاقِ شَأْنُ الْجَمَادِ
Generosity of nature is the mark of the illustrious,
and harshness of character is the way of lifeless things.
لَنْwill never يَسُودَrise to eminence الْفَتَىthe young man ولَوْeven if مَلَكَhe possessed الْحِكْwisdom (first part)
لَنْ يَسُودَ الْفَتَى ولَوْ مَلَكَ الْحِكْ
مَةَ(completion of 'wisdom') مَاas long as لَمْnot يَكُنْhe is مِنَamong الأَجْوَادِthe generous
مَةَ مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ مِنَ الأَجْوَادِ
A young man will never rise to eminence, even if he possesses wisdom,
unless he is among the generous.
وَلَعَمْرِيand by my life لَرِقَّةُsurely gentleness of الطَّبْعِnatural disposition أَوْلَىis preferable
وَلَعَمْرِي لَرِقَّةُ الطَّبْعِ أَوْلَى
مِنْto عِنادٍobstinacy يَجُرُّthat brings on حَرْبَthe war of الْفَسَادِruin
مِنْ عِنادٍ يَجُرُّ حَرْبَ الْفَسَادِ
And by my life, gentleness of nature is surely better
than obstinacy that brings on ruinous war.
قَدْmay يَنَالُattain الْحَلِيمُthe forbearing man بِالرِّفْقِthrough gentleness مَاwhat لَيْnot (first part)
قَدْ يَنَالُ الْحَلِيمُ بِالرِّفْقِ مَا لَيْ
سَ(completion of 'not') يَنَالُattain الْكَمِيُّthe armored warrior يَوْمَon the day of الْجِلادِcombat
سَ يَنَالُ الْكَمِيُّ يَوْمَ الْجِلادِ
The forbearing man may gain through gentleness what
the armored warrior cannot gain on the day of combat.
فاقْرُنِso join الْحِلْمَforbearance بِالسَّماحَةِwith generosity تَبْلُغْyou will attain
فاقْرُنِ الْحِلْمَ بِالسَّماحَةِ تَبْلُغْ
كُلَّall مَاthat رُمْتَyou sought نَيْلَهُto attain it مِنْof مُرَادِa desired aim
كُلَّ مَا رُمْتَ نَيْلَهُ مِنْ مُرَادِ
So join forbearance with generosity, and you will attain
everything you have wished to gain.
وَضَعِand place الْبِرَّkindness حَيْثُwhere يَزْكُوit flourishes لِتَجْنِيso that you may reap
وَضَعِ الْبِرَّ حَيْثُ يَزْكُو لِتَجْنِي
ثَمَرَthe fruit of الشُّكْرِgratitude مِنْfrom غِرَاسِthe planting of الأَيَادِيfavors
ثَمَرَ الشُّكْرِ مِنْ غِرَاسِ الأَيَادِي
And place kindness where it flourishes, so that you may reap
the fruit of gratitude from the planting of favors.
وَاحْذَرِand beware of النَّاسَpeople مَاas much as اسْتَطَعْتَyou can فَإِنَّfor indeed النthe
وَاحْذَرِ النَّاسَ مَا اسْتَطَعْتَ فَإِنَّ الن
نَاسَpeople أَحْلاسُconstant adherents (literally, saddlecloths) خُدْعَةٍdeceit وتَعَادِيand mutual enmity
نَاسَ أَحْلاسُ خُدْعَةٍ وتَعَادِي
And beware of people as much as you can, for
people cling like saddlecloths to deceit and mutual enmity.
رُبَّmany a خِلٍّfriend تَرَاهُyou see him طَلْقَcheerful of الْمُحَيَّاcountenance
رُبَّ خِلٍّ تَرَاهُ طَلْقَ الْمُحَيَّا
وَهْوَwhile he is جَهْمُgrim of الضَّمِيرِinner self بِالأَحْقَادِwith grudges
وَهْوَ جَهْمُ الضَّمِيرِ بِالأَحْقَادِ
Many a friend you see with a cheerful face,
while inwardly he is grim with grudges.
فَتَأَمَّلْso examine مَواقِعَthe landing points of اللَّحْظِthe gaze تَعْلَمْyou will know
فَتَأَمَّلْ مَواقِعَ اللَّحْظِ تَعْلَمْ
مَاwhat طَوَتْهُhave folded it away صَحَائِفُthe pages of الأَكْبَادِthe livers (seats of feeling)
مَا طَوَتْهُ صَحَائِفُ الأَكْبَادِ
So study where the gaze falls, and you will know
what the pages of their livers have folded away.
إِنَّindeed فِيin الْعَيْنِthe eye وَهْوَthough it is عُضْوٌan organ صَغِيرٌsmall
إِنَّ فِي الْعَيْنِ وَهْوَ عُضْوٌ صَغِيرٌ
لَدَلِيلاًsurely a sign عَلَىof خَبَايَاthe hidden secrets of الْفُؤَادِthe heart
لَدَلِيلاً عَلَى خَبَايَا الْفُؤَادِ
Indeed, in the eye, though it is a small organ,
lies a sure sign of the heart's hidden secrets.
وَأُناسand people صَحِبْتُI befriended مِنْهُمْamong them ذِئَاباًwolves
وَأُناس صَحِبْتُ مِنْهُمْ ذِئَاباً
تَحْتَbeneath أَثْوَابِthe garments of أُلْفَةٍfellowship وَوِدَادِand affection
تَحْتَ أَثْوَابِ أُلْفَةٍ وَوِدَادِ
And among the people I befriended were wolves,
beneath garments of fellowship and affection.
يَتَمَنَّوْنَthey wish لِيfor me الْعِثَارَa stumble ويَلْقَوْand they meet
يَتَمَنَّوْنَ لِي الْعِثَارَ ويَلْقَوْ
نِيme بِوَجْهٍwith a face إِلَىtoward الْمَوَدَّةِaffection صَادِيthirsting
نِي بِوَجْهٍ إِلَى الْمَوَدَّةِ صَادِي
They wish for me to stumble, yet greet
me with a face thirsting for affection.
سَابَقُونِيthey raced against me فَقَصَّرُواbut they fell short عَنْof لَحَاقِيcatching up with me
سَابَقُونِي فَقَصَّرُوا عَنْ لَحَاقِي
إِنَّماonly السَّبْقُtaking the lead مِنْamong خِصَالِthe traits of الْجَوَادِthe noble steed
إِنَّما السَّبْقُ مِنْ خِصَالِ الْجَوَادِ
They raced against me but failed to catch me;
taking the lead belongs to the noble steed alone.
أَنَاI مَا(reinforces 'between') بَيْنَbetween نِعْمَةٍa blessing وحَسُودٍand an envious man
أَنَا مَا بَيْنَ نِعْمَةٍ وحَسُودٍ
والْمَعَالِيand lofty attainments كَثِيرَةُhave many الْحُسَّادِenviers
والْمَعَالِي كَثِيرَةُ الْحُسَّادِ
I stand between a blessing and an envious man,
and lofty attainments have many enviers.
فَلْيَمُوتُواso let them die بِغَيْظِهِمْof their rage فاحْتِمَالُfor bearing الْthe
فَلْيَمُوتُوا بِغَيْظِهِمْ فاحْتِمَالُ الْ
غَيْظِrage موْتٌis death لَهُمْfor them بِلاwithout مِيعَادِan appointed time
غَيْظِ موْتٌ لَهُمْ بِلا مِيعَادِ
So let them die of their rage; for bearing
rage is death to them, without an appointed hour.
كَيْفَhow تَبْيَضُّcan grow white مِنْof أُنَاسٍa people وُجُوهٌfaces
كَيْفَ تَبْيَضُّ مِنْ أُنَاسٍ وُجُوهٌ
صَبَغَhas dyed اللُّؤْمُbaseness عِرْضَهُمْtheir honor بِسَوَادِwith blackness
صَبَغَ اللُّؤْمُ عِرْضَهُمْ بِسَوَادِ
How can the faces of a people shine white
when baseness has dyed their honor black?
أَظْهَرُواthey displayed زُخْرُفَthe gilded finery of الْخِدَاعِdeceit وأَخْفَوْاand concealed
أَظْهَرُوا زُخْرُفَ الْخِدَاعِ وأَخْفَوْا
ذَاتَthe inner essence of نَفْسٍa soul كَالْجَمْرِlike embers تَحْتَbeneath الرَّمَادِthe ashes
ذَاتَ نَفْسٍ كَالْجَمْرِ تَحْتَ الرَّمَادِ
They displayed the gilded finery of deceit and concealed
their inner nature, like embers beneath the ashes.
فَتَرَىso you see الْمَرءَa man مِنْهُمُamong them ضَاحِكَsmiling with السِّنthe teeth (first part)
فَتَرَى الْمَرءَ مِنْهُمُ ضَاحِكَ السِّن
نِ(completion of 'teeth') وَفِيand in ثَوْبِهِhis robe دِماءُthe blood of الْعِبَادِthe people
نِ وَفِي ثَوْبِهِ دِماءُ الْعِبَادِ
So you see a man among them grinning,
while on his robe is the people's blood.
مَعْشَرٌa people لاnot وَلِيدُهُمُtheir newborn طَاهِرُpure in الْمَهْthe cradle (first part)
مَعْشَرٌ لا وَلِيدُهُمُ طَاهِرُ الْمَهْ
دِ(completion of 'cradle') وَلاnor كَهْلُهُمْtheir mature man عَفِيفُchaste upon الْوِسِادِthe pillow
دِ وَلا كَهْلُهُمْ عَفِيفُ الْوِسِادِ
A people: their newborn is not pure in the cradle,
nor is their mature man chaste upon the pillow.
حَكَمُواthey ruled مِصْرَEgypt وَهْيَwhile she was حَاضِرَةُthe metropolis of الدُّنْthe world (first part)
حَكَمُوا مِصْرَ وَهْيَ حَاضِرَةُ الدُّنْ
يَا(completion of 'world') فَأَمْسَتْthen she became وَقَدْand already خَلَتْshe lay deserted فِيamid الْبَوَادِيthe wildernesses
يَا فَأَمْسَتْ وَقَدْ خَلَتْ فِي الْبَوَادِي
They ruled Egypt when she was the world's metropolis,
and she ended up deserted amid the wastes.
أًصْبَحَتْshe became مَنْزِلَthe abode of الشَّقَاءِmisery وَكَانَتْand she had been
أًصْبَحَتْ مَنْزِلَ الشَّقَاءِ وَكَانَتْ
جَنَّةًa paradise لَيْسَnot مِثْلُهَاher equal فِيin الْبِلادِthe lands
جَنَّةً لَيْسَ مِثْلُهَا فِي الْبِلادِ
She became the abode of misery, though once she was
a paradise without equal in any land.
وَقَعُواthey descended بَيْنَamong رِيفِهَاher countryside وَقُرَاهَاand her villages
وَقَعُوا بَيْنَ رِيفِهَا وَقُرَاهَا
بِضُرُوبِwith kinds of الْفَسَادِcorruption وَقْعَlike the descent of الجَرَادِlocusts
بِضُرُوبِ الْفَسَادِ وَقْعَ الجَرَادِ
They descended on her countryside and her villages
with every kind of corruption, as locusts descend,
فيin زَمَانٍa time قَدْindeed كَانَwas لِلظُّلْمِfor oppression فِيهِin it
في زَمَانٍ قَدْ كَانَ لِلظُّلْمِ فِيهِ
أَثَرُthe effect of النَّارِfire فِيin هَشِيمِthe dry brushwood of الْقَتَادِthornbushes
أَثَرُ النَّارِ فِي هَشِيمِ الْقَتَادِ
in a time when oppression had
the effect of fire on dry thornbrush,
حِينَwhen لَمْwas not يُرْحَمِshown mercy الْكَبِيرُthe elderly وَلَمْnor was يُعْcompassion shown (first part)
حِينَ لَمْ يُرْحَمِ الْكَبِيرُ وَلَمْ يُعْ
طَفْ(completion of 'compassion shown') عَلَىto الأُمَّهَاتِthe mothers والأَوْلادِand the children
طَفْ عَلَى الأُمَّهَاتِ والأَوْلادِ
when the elderly were shown no mercy, nor was
compassion shown to mothers and children,
تَحْتَbeneath رِجْزٍa scourge مِنَof الْعَذَابِtorment مُهِينٍhumiliating
تَحْتَ رِجْزٍ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ مُهِينٍ
وَمُبيرٍand devastating مِنَof الأَذَىaffliction رَعَّادِthundering
وَمُبيرٍ مِنَ الأَذَى رَعَّادِ
beneath a scourge of humiliating torment,
and devastating, thunderous affliction.
تِلْكَthose آثارُهُمْtheir traces تَدُلُّpoint عَلَىto مَاwhat
تِلْكَ آثارُهُمْ تَدُلُّ عَلَى مَا
كَانَcame مِنْهُمُfrom them مِنْof جَفْوَةٍharshness وَتَبَادِيand barbarity
كَانَ مِنْهُمُ مِنْ جَفْوَةٍ وَتَبَادِي
Those are their traces, revealing
the harshness and barbarity that came from them.
لَيْسَis not مَنْone who يَطْلُبُseeks الْمَعَالِيَhigh distinction لِلْفَخْfor glory (first part)
لَيْسَ مَنْ يَطْلُبُ الْمَعَالِيَ لِلْفَخْ
رِ(completion of 'glory') كَمَنْlike one who يَطْلُبُseeks الْعُلاeminence لِلزَّادِfor sustenance
رِ كَمَنْ يَطْلُبُ الْعُلا لِلزَّادِ
He who seeks high distinction for glory is not
like one who seeks eminence for sustenance.
وَقَلِيلاًand seldom مَا(reinforces 'seldom') يَصْلُحُis fit الْمَرْءُa man لِلْجَدْfor greatness (first part)
وَقَلِيلاً مَا يَصْلُحُ الْمَرْءُ لِلْجَدْ
دِ(completion of 'greatness') إِذَاif كَانَhe is سَاقِطَlowly الأَجْدَادِforefathers
دِ إِذَا كَانَ سَاقِطَ الأَجْدَادِ
And seldom is a man fit for greatness
if he is of base ancestry.
فَاعْتَصِمْso hold fast بِالنُّهَىto reason تَفُزْyou will gain بِنَعِيمِthe bliss of الدْthe
فَاعْتَصِمْ بِالنُّهَى تَفُزْ بِنَعِيمِ الدْ
دَهْرِlifetime غَضَّاًfresh and lush فَالْعَقْلُfor reason خَيْرُthe best عَتَادِresource
دَهْرِ غَضَّاً فَالْعَقْلُ خَيْرُ عَتَادِ
So hold fast to reason, and you will win life's bliss,
fresh and flourishing; reason is the best resource.
إِنَّindeed فِيin الْحِكْمَةِwisdom الْبَلِيغَةِeloquent لِلرُّوfor the soul (first part)
إِنَّ فِي الْحِكْمَةِ الْبَلِيغَةِ لِلرُّو
حِ(completion of 'soul') غِذَاءًnourishment كَالطِبِّlike medicine لِلأَجْسَادِfor bodies
حِ غِذَاءً كَالطِبِّ لِلأَجْسَادِ
Indeed, eloquent wisdom holds for the soul
nourishment, like medicine for bodies.