طغَىsurged beyond bounds فضوعفso was doubled منهfrom it الحسنُbeauty والخَطَرُand danger
طغَى فضوعف منه الحسنُ والخَطَرُ
وفاضand overflowed فالأرضُso the earth والأشجارُand the trees تنغمِرُare submerged
وفاض فالأرضُ والأشجارُ تنغمِرُ
It surged beyond bounds, doubling its beauty and danger.
It surged ragingly, diminishing beauty and peril.
And it overflowed, submerging earth and trees.
And the earth and trees were flooded over.
وراعتand frightened الطائرَthe bird الظمآنَthirsty هيبتُهits majesty
وراعت الطائرَ الظمآنَ هيبتُه
فمرَّso it passed وهوwhile it جبانٌtimid فوقَهabove it حذِرwary
فمرَّ وهو جبانٌ فوقَه حذِر
And its majesty terrified the thirsty bird,
Its awesomeness terrified the thirsty bird,
so it passed above it, timid and wary.
So it passed by, cowardly and cautious.
كأنماas though هوit فيin آذيِّهits surging waves جَبَلٌa mountain
كأنما هو في آذيِّه جَبَلٌ
علىover الضفافthe banks مُطلٌّlooming وهيwhile they تنحدرslope down
على الضفاف مُطلٌّ وهي تنحدر
As though amid its surging waves it were a mountain,
As if it were a mountain in its harmfulness
looming over the banks as they sloped down.
Overlooking from the banks as they descend.
رَبُّmaster of المزارعِthe farmer والملاّحِand the boatman راعَهماterrified them both
رَبُّ المزارعِ والملاّحِ راعَهما
بالحولwith might منهfrom it عظيمُmighty in البطشonslaught مقتدِرpowerful
بالحول منه عظيمُ البطش مقتدِر
Master of farmer and boatman, it terrified them both
The Lord of the farms and the sailors guided them
with its might—fierce in its onslaught, powerful.
With power, greatly tyrannical and capable.
باتتspent the night علىon ضَفَّتيهits two banks الليلَthe night تحرُسُهwatching it
باتت على ضَفَّتيه الليلَ تحرُسُه
غُلبُburly الرجالmen لماfor what يأتيهit undertakes it تنتظرawaiting
غُلبُ الرجال لما يأتيه تنتظر
They spent the night on its two banks, watching it:
The night stayed guarding it on its banks
burly men, awaiting what it would do.
The men were overwhelmed awaiting what comes to it.
راحوthey became أُسارىcaptives مطأطينbowing الرؤوسَthe heads لهbefore it
راحو أُسارى مطأطين الرؤوسَ له
وراحand became طوعَobedient to يديهits two hands النفعُbenefit والضررand harm
وراح طوعَ يديه النفعُ والضرر
They became captives, bowing their heads before it,
They went as captives, heads downcast to it,
and benefit and harm became subject to its hands.
And welfare and harm went willingly to its hands.
مَشَىit moved علىat رِسْلِهits leisure لاnot الخوفُfear يَردَعُهrestrains it
مَشَى على رِسْلِه لا الخوفُ يَردَعُه
ولاnor عنfor الفِعلةthe deed النكراءِheinous يعتذِرapologizes
ولا عن الفِعلة النكراءِ يعتذِر
It moved at its leisure: no fear restrained it,
It walked steadily, fear cannot stop it
nor did it apologize for its heinous deed.
Nor does it apologize for its abhorrent actions.
ومرand passed يَهزَأmocking منat أيدhands تقاومهresist it
ومر يَهزَأ من أيد تقاومه
تسعَىstriving لتحكيمto reinforce أسدادdams وتبتدِرand rushing
تسعَى لتحكيم أسداد وتبتدِر
And it passed, mocking hands that resisted it,
And it passed mocking the hands that resist it
striving to reinforce dams and rushing to act.
Seeking to subdue lions and take preemptive action.
فكلُّfor all ماthat بلغَhas reached الانسانُhumankind منof عَنَتٍhardship
فكلُّ ما بلغَ الانسانُ من عَنَتٍ
قُوىthe forces of الطبيعةِnature تأتيهassail it فيندحِرso it is routed
قُوى الطبيعةِ تأتيه فيندحِر
For however far humankind goes in arduous struggle,
So everything the human attained of troubles
nature's forces assail it, and it is routed.
The powers of nature come to it and are defeated.
وماand not " الفراتthe Euphrates ُ " بمسطاعٍsubduable فمختَضَدٍthen broken
وما " الفرات ُ " بمسطاعٍ فمختَضَدٍ
ولاnor بمستعبَدenslaved بالعُنفِby violence يُقتَسرforcibly coerced
ولا بمستعبَد بالعُنفِ يُقتَسر
The Euphrates is not to be subdued and broken,
And the Euphrates is not with coercion or force
nor enslaved and coerced by violence.
Or subjugation, violently seized.
كمhow many منof معاركَbattles شنَّlaunched الفنُtechnical skill غارتَهاtheir assault
كم من معاركَ شنَّ الفنُ غارتَها
علىagainst " الفراتthe Euphrates " ولكنْbut كانَit would ينتصرprevail
على " الفرات " ولكنْ كانَ ينتصر
How many battles has human skill launched
How many battles did art wage against it
against the Euphrates—yet it always prevailed.
Upon the Euphrates but it was victorious.
نَموذَجٌa model " للأنانيينَfor the selfish " ليسthere is nothing لهfor it
نَموذَجٌ " للأنانيينَ " ليس له
ولاnor عليهagainst it ، أفازَwhether they won الناسُthe people أمor خسِرواthey lost
ولا عليه ، أفازَ الناسُ أم خسِروا
A model for the selfish: no gain to it,
An example for the selfish, it neither
and no loss, whether people win or lose.
Harmed nor benefited, did people win or lose?
فيat حينَa time باتَbecame جميعُall الناسthe people يُرهبُهمterrifies them
في حينَ باتَ جميعُ الناس يُرهبُهم
فيin كلevery ثانيةٍsecond عنabout سَيرهits advance خَبَرnews
في كل ثانيةٍ عن سَيره خَبَر
Meanwhile, all the people were gripped by fear,
While all the people at night are terrified of it
with news of its advance every second.
In every moment, news of its flow alarms them.
ملءُfilling القلوبthe hearts خشوعٌreverent awe منfrom مهابتِهits majesty
ملءُ القلوب خشوعٌ من مهابتِه
وملءُand filling أعينهمtheir eyes منfrom خوفِهfear of it سَهرsleeplessness
وملءُ أعينهم من خوفِه سَهر
Hearts were filled with awe at its majesty,
Hearts filled with awe of its reverence
and their eyes with sleeplessness from fear of it.
And eyes filled with fear of it, awake.
وراحand became شُغْلthe preoccupation of النواديthe gatherings عنabout فظاظتهits harshness
وراح شُغْل النوادي عن فظاظته
يُجرىis carried on الحديثَthe conversation وفيهand in it ينقضيpasses السهرthe wakeful night
يُجرى الحديثَ وفيه ينقضي السهر
And its harshness became the gatherings' concern;
Preoccupying gatherings, its violence
talk flowed, and the wakeful hours passed in it.
Dominates conversation and consumes the night vigil.
ورُوِّعَand was terrified السمعُhearing حتىuntil باتbecame منfrom ذَهَلbewilderment
ورُوِّعَ السمعُ حتى بات من ذَهَل
يودwishes سَمعُthe hearing of الفتىthe young man لوif only أنهthat it بَصَرsight
يود سَمعُ الفتى لو أنه بَصَر
Hearing was terror-struck, until, in bewilderment,
Hearing is frightened until the young man wishes
a young man's hearing wished that it were sight.
His hearing was sight from confusion.
واستُبطِئتand were deemed slow عنin نَثَاspreading أخبارهits news بُرُدٌcouriers
واستُبطِئت عن نَثَا أخباره بُرُدٌ
واستُنهِضَand was roused البرقُthe telegraph يُستقصيis investigated بهthrough it الخَبَرthe news
واستُنهِضَ البرقُ يُستقصي به الخَبَر
Couriers were deemed too slow in spreading its news,
Announcing its news was delayed by coolness
and the telegraph was roused to investigate the news.
And lightning was roused to investigate the news.
هوit is " الفراتthe Euphrates " وكمand how much فيin أمرهits ways عَجَبٌwonder
هو " الفرات " وكم في أمره عَجَبٌ
فيin حالتيهِits two states وكمand how many فيin آيِهits signs عِبَرlessons
في حالتيهِ وكم في آيِه عِبَر
It is the Euphrates—how much wonder lies in its ways,
It is the Euphrates, how wondrous is its affair
in its two states, and how many lessons in its signs!
In its states and how meaningful are its lessons.
بيناwhile هوit is البحرُthe sea لاnot تُسطاعcan be withstood غضبتُهits rage
بينا هو البحرُ لا تُسطاع غضبتُه
إذاwhen استشاطَflares in rage فلاthen not يُبقيspares ولاnor يَذرَleaves
إذا استشاطَ فلا يُبقي ولا يَذرَ
One moment it is a sea whose rage cannot be withstood:
While it is the sea, its rage cannot be withstood
when it flares, it spares nothing and leaves nothing.
If it rages, it leaves no trace or vestige.
إذاsuddenly بهthere it is واهنُfeeble in المَجرىcurrent يعارِضُهobstructs it
إذا به واهنُ المَجرى يعارِضُه
عودٌa stick ويمنعهand blocks it عنfrom سيرهits course حَجَرa stone
عودٌ ويمنعه عن سيره حَجَر
Then suddenly its current is feeble, obstructed
Yet when weakened, a rod resists it
by a stick, its advance blocked by a stone.
And a rock prevents its flow.
طَمَىit swelled فردَّso restored شبابَthe youth of الأرضthe earth قاحلةًparched
طَمَى فردَّ شبابَ الأرض قاحلةً
بهthrough it وعادتand returned إلىto رَيعانهاtheir prime الغُدُرthe pools
به وعادت إلى رَيعانها الغُدُر
It swelled, restoring the youth of parched earth
It erased the youth of the barren earth with rage
with its waters, and the pools returned to their prime.
And it returned to its lushness and freshness.
وأشرفتand drew near بقعةٌa tract أُخرىanother ألَّمdescended بهاupon it
وأشرفت بقعةٌ أُخرى ألَّم بها
علىto المماتdeath فأمسَتso it became وهيwhile it تُحتَضرis dying
على الممات فأمسَت وهي تُحتَضر
And another tract it had visited drew near
And another spot it touched
to death, and lay dying.
Was on the verge of death and perishing.
وودَّعَand bade farewell to الزارعونthe farmers الزرعَthe crops وانصرفواand they departed
وودَّعَ الزارعون الزرعَ وانصرفوا
للماءfor the water ماwhat زَرَعواthey planted منهof it وماand what بَذَرواthey sowed
للماء ما زَرَعوا منه وما بَذَروا
The farmers bade farewell to their crops and departed;
And the farmers bid the crops farewell and left
what they had planted and sown belonged to the water.
What they planted and sowed to the water.
منwhoever كانwas بالامسyesterday يعلوoverspreads وجهَهُhis face فرحٌjoy
من كان بالامس يعلو وجهَهُ فرحٌ
بماat what يُرجِّيهgives him hope غطَّcovered وجهَهhis face كَدَرgloom
بما يُرجِّيه غطَّ وجهَه كَدَر
He whose face had shone with joy yesterday
One who yesterday had joy on his face
at what gave him hope—gloom now covered his face.
From what he hoped for, his face is now anguished.
وقطَّبتand frowned بعدafter تهليلbeaming أسرَّتُهhis features
وقطَّبت بعد تهليل أسرَّتُه
وبانand showed فوقupon خُطاهhis steps الضعفُweakness والخَوَرand exhaustion
وبان فوق خُطاه الضعفُ والخَوَر
His features frowned after beaming,
After celebrating, his family now frowns
and weakness and exhaustion showed in his steps.
And weakness and humiliation appear in his steps.
صُبَّتwere poured عليهاupon them بلاياهits calamities ونقمتُهand its vengeance
صُبَّت عليها بلاياه ونقمتُه
أناI " القصورُthe palaces " فلاso no خوفٌfear ولاnor حذَرcaution
أنا " القصورُ " فلا خوفٌ ولا حذَر
Its calamities and vengeance were poured upon them.
Its afflictions and wrath poured upon it
'I am the palaces: no fear, no caution!'
While I, the palaces, have no fear or caution.
طافتfloated عليهupon it حناياthe curved ribs of الكوخthe cottage واقتُلِعَتْand were uprooted
طافت عليه حنايا الكوخ واقتُلِعَتْ
مضارِبُthe tent-poles of البيتthe dwelling منهfrom it فهيso they تنتثرscatter
مضارِبُ البيت منه فهي تنتثر
The cottage's curved ribs floated on it, and uprooted
The sympathies of the hut circulated upon it
were the dwelling's poles, torn from it and scattered.
And the tent pegs were uprooted, scattered.
غطboomed الهديرُthe roar فغضَّتso hushed منهbecause of it ثاغيةٌa bleating ewe
غط الهديرُ فغضَّت منه ثاغيةٌ
ورددتand echoed ثغيّهاits bleating منfrom خلفِهاbehind it أُخرothers
ورددت ثغيّها من خلفِها أُخر
The roar boomed, and a bleating ewe hushed before it,
The tumult drowned it out, angry
while others behind it echoed its bleating.
Its anger echoed behind it.
واستحكمتand intensified ضجةٌa clamor منfrom كلevery ناحيةdirection
واستحكمت ضجةٌ من كل ناحية
جاءتcame إليهاto it بموتٍwith death عاجلٍimminent نُذُرwarnings
جاءت إليها بموتٍ عاجلٍ نُذُر
A clamor grew intense from every side,
And a commotion intensified from every side
where warnings came of imminent death.
With news of imminent death and omens.
ورُبَّand many a طالبةٍseeker بالماءwith water راضَعَهاit suckled her
ورُبَّ طالبةٍ بالماء راضَعَها
وربand many a عاريةٍnaked woman بالماءwith water تأتزرgirds herself
ورب عاريةٍ بالماء تأتزر
And many a seeker it suckled with water,
Many a nursing mother called for water
and many a naked woman girds herself with water.
And many a bare woman sought clothes.
وصفحةٍand a page منof بديعexquisite الشعرpoetry منظرهُits scene
وصفحةٍ من بديع الشعر منظرهُ
طاميsurging العُبابthe swelling waves مُطِلاًlooking down فوقَهabove it القَمَرthe moon
طامي العُباب مُطِلاً فوقَه القَمَر
Its scene is a page of exquisite poetry:
And a page of beautiful poetry, its scene
surging waves, with the moon looking down upon it.
Submerged by high water, the moon shining above it.
وقدand indeed بدتappeared خضرةُthe greenery of الأشجارthe trees لامعةًgleaming
وقد بدت خضرةُ الأشجار لامعةً
مغمورةًbathed بسناهin its radiance فهيso it تزدهِرglows
مغمورةً بسناه فهي تزدهِر
The trees' greenery appeared gleaming,
The trees' greenery glistened,
bathed in its radiance, so it glows.
Flooded with its brilliance, flourishing.
ومنand from علىatop ضَفَّتيهits two banks انصاعَslid away منغمراsubmerged
ومن على ضَفَّتيه انصاعَ منغمرا
فيin الماءthe water نصفٌa half فوقَهabove it الشَجرthe trees
في الماء نصفٌ فوقَه الشَجر
And from atop its two banks there slid, submerged
And from its banks, half submerged,
in the water, a half with trees above it.
The trees above the water bending.
باتتbecame علىin خَطَرٍdanger ناسٌpeople بثورتهthrough its fury
باتت على خَطَرٍ ناسٌ بثورته
وراحand began يؤنُسناto delight us فيin المنظرthe scene الخَطَرdanger
وراح يؤنُسنا في المنظر الخَطَر
People were imperiled by its fury,
Some people were endangered by its surge
while danger in the scene began to delight us.
And the perilous scene kept us company.
وهكذاand thus الناسُpeople يُغريهمbeguiles them تخيُّلُهمtheir imagination
وهكذا الناسُ يُغريهم تخيُّلُهم
حتىuntil يَجيئواthey come الىto البَلْوىaffliction فيختبرواthen they experience it
حتى يَجيئوا الى البَلْوى فيختبروا
Thus people are beguiled by their imagination,
And so people are tempted by their imagination
until they meet affliction and experience it.
Until they come to calamity and are tested.
كماas أتىcame to الحربَwar فنانٌan artist ليرسُمَهاto depict it
كما أتى الحربَ فنانٌ ليرسُمَها
فيat حينَa time آخرُanother يُصلىscorches جسمَهhis body الشرَرthe sparks
في حينَ آخرُ يُصلى جسمَه الشرَر
As an artist came to war to depict it,
As one came to war to portray it
while sparks scorched another's body.
While another's body is pierced by embers.
روحٌa spirit جرتflowed لمnot يُردْsought نَفعاbenefit بهاthrough it بدنٌa body
روحٌ جرت لم يُردْ نَفعا بها بدنٌ
وعسجدٌand gold سالflowed إلاexcept أنهthat it هَدَرwas wasted
وعسجدٌ سال إلا أنه هَدَر
A spirit flowed, but no body sought benefit from it,
A soul that brought no benefit to a body it entered
and gold flowed, yet it was wasted.
And a horse that bolted but was fruitless.
هذاthis المشيِّدُthe builder للعُمرانfor civilization ريِّقَهits first flowering
هذا المشيِّدُ للعُمران ريِّقَه
فيin الرافدينthe Two Rivers بهthrough it العُمرانُcivilization يندثرvanishes
في الرافدين به العُمرانُ يندثر
This builder of civilization's first flowering
This builder of civilization, it ruined him
in the land of the Two Rivers—through it, civilization vanishes.
Civilization in the two rivers crumbles through it.
كانwas العراقُIraq سواداًdark with cultivation منfrom مزارعهits farmlands
كان العراقُ سواداً من مزارعه
علىupon بنيهِits children يفيءُspreads الظلُshade والثَمَرand fruit
على بنيهِ يفيءُ الظلُ والثَمَر
Iraq was dark with its cultivated fields,
Iraq was darkened by its farms
shade and fruit spreading over its children.
Shade and fruit on its people.
تَفيضoverflows خيراwith bounty علىover الأقطارthe lands غلَّتُهits harvest
تَفيض خيرا على الأقطار غلَّتُه
موفورةًplentiful لسنينfor years of الجوعfamine تُدَّخرis stored
موفورةً لسنين الجوع تُدَّخر
Its harvest poured bounty over the lands,
Its abundance overflowed good to other lands
plentiful, stored for years of famine.
Abundant for the years of famine, stored away.
ووزّعand distributed الماءَthe water عدلاًjustly فيin مسايلهits channels
ووزّع الماءَ عدلاً في مسايله
فكلُّso every ناحيةٍdistrict يجريflows بهاthrough it نَهَرa river
فكلُّ ناحيةٍ يجري بها نَهَر
And it distributed water fairly through its channels,
And it distributed water equitably in its streams
so every district had a river flowing through it.
Each region had a river flow through it.
باسمin the name of " الفراتthe Euphrates " وتنظيمٍand regulation لهfor it خُلقتْwere created
باسم " الفرات " وتنظيمٍ له خُلقتْ
دوائرٌdepartments لمnot يَبِنْappeared منfrom سعيهاtheir efforts أثَرa trace
دوائرٌ لم يَبِنْ من سعيها أثَر
In the name of the Euphrates and its regulation, were created
In the name of Euphrates and regulating it
departments whose efforts left no visible trace.
Useless agencies were created.
أغفَتthey slumbered طويلاًlong ولماand when هاجَraged هائجُهits raging flood
أغفَت طويلاً ولما هاجَ هائجُه
جاءتهthey came to it بعدafter فواتِthe passing of الوقتِthe time تبتدِرrushing
جاءته بعد فواتِ الوقتِ تبتدِر
They slumbered long, and when its raging flood rose,
Long neglectful, and when its surge came
they came rushing to it when it was already too late.
It hastily came after the opportunity passed.
وهاهوand here it is الماءُthe water موتٌdeath فيin زيادتهits excess
وهاهو الماءُ موتٌ في زيادته
وفيand in النقيصةِscarcity مسروقٌstolen فمُحتَكَرthen monopolized
وفي النقيصةِ مسروقٌ فمُحتَكَر
And here is the water: death in its excess,
And water is death in its excess
and in scarcity, stolen, then monopolized.
And when decreased, stolen and hoarded.