مَدَحْتُI praised السُّرىnight travel وهيthough it is الحقيقةُdeserving بالَّمِّof blame (probable reading)
مَدَحْتُ السُّرى وهي الحقيقةُ بالَّمِّ
لفرقةِfor leaving أَرضٍa land غابhad vanished عنfrom أُفْقِهاits horizon نجميmy star
لفرقةِ أَرضٍ غاب عن أُفْقِها نجمي
I praised night travel, though it deserves [blame],
for leaving a land from whose horizon my star had vanished.
إِذاif خَلَتِare empty الأَوطانُthe homelands ممنof those whom أُحبُّهI love
إِذا خَلَتِ الأَوطانُ ممن أُحبُّه
فلاthen may not قامَarise فيهاin them للحَيَاfor life-giving rain موسُمa season الوَسْمof autumn rain
فلا قامَ فيها للحَيَا موسُم الوَسْم
If homelands are empty of those I love,
then may no season of life-giving autumn rain ever come to them.
ديارٌdwellings رأَيتُI saw الصُّبحَthe dawn منfrom بعدِafter أَهْلِهاtheir people
ديارٌ رأَيتُ الصُّبحَ من بعدِ أَهْلِها
أَشدَّmore intense سواداًin blackness منthan حَنادسِهits deep night-darkness الدُّهْمpitch-black
أَشدَّ سواداً من حَنادسِه الدُّهْم
Dwellings where, after their people left, I saw dawn
blacker than its own pitch-dark nights.
خَلَتْwere empty منof حبيبِthe beloved of القلبthe heart إِلاexcept خيالَهhis phantom
خَلَتْ من حبيبِ القلب إِلا خيالَه
كجسميlike my body خَلاَwas emptied بالبَينِby separation إِلاَّexcept منof السُّقْمsickness
كجسمي خَلاَ بالبَينِ إِلاَّ من السُّقْم
They were empty of my heart's beloved, save his phantom,
like my body, emptied by separation of all but sickness.
يُسائِلُنيit questions me عنهabout him صداهاtheir echo لظَنِّهbecause it supposes
يُسائِلُني عنه صداها لظَنِّه
بأَنthat الصَّدىthe echo والرَّسمَand the ruins صَوْتيmy voice مَعَwith الجسمthe body
بأَن الصَّدى والرَّسمَ صَوْتي مَعَ الجسم
Their echo asks me about him, supposing
that the echo and the ruins are my voice and body.
حَبيبيmy beloved لهto him مِّنيfrom me الفؤادُthe heart صَبَابةًpassionate longing
حَبيبي له مِّني الفؤادُ صَبَابةً
بأَجْمَلَfor one fairer منthan جُمْلٍJuml وأَنعَمَand more tender منthan نُعْمNuʿm
بأَجْمَلَ من جُمْلٍ وأَنعَمَ من نُعْم
My heart belongs in passionate longing to my beloved,
fairer than Juml and more tender than Nuʿm.
قرأتُI read كتابَthe book of الحُسْنٍbeauty منfrom خَطِّthe script of خدِّهhis cheek
قرأتُ كتابَ الحُسْنٍ من خَطِّ خدِّه
أَلمdid you not تَرهsee it فيon خَدِّهhis cheek واضحَclear الرَّقْمin inscription
أَلم تَره في خَدِّه واضحَ الرَّقْم
I read the book of beauty from the script on his cheek;
have you not seen it, clearly inscribed upon his cheek?
فباءُthen a bāʾ عِذَارٍof cheek-down فَوْقَهabove it سِيْنa sīn طُرَّةٍof forelock
فباءُ عِذَارٍ فَوْقَه سِيْن طُرَّةٍ
إِلىjoined to ميمِa mīm ثَغْرٍof a mouth فَهْوso it is أَوَّلُهits opening بَسْمb-s-m ('smile')
إِلى ميمِ ثَغْرٍ فَهْو أَوَّلُه بَسْم
So a bāʾ of cheek-down, above it a sīn of forelock,
joined to a mīm of mouth: its opening reads b-s-m, 'smile.'
وقيلand it was said تُسَمَّىis called الخمرُwine إِثماًsin وإِنand if يكنit is so
وقيل تُسَمَّى الخمرُ إِثماً وإِن يكن
فريقتُهthen his saliva الإِثمthe sin البَرِيءُinnocent منof الإِثمsin
فريقتُه الإِثم البَرِيءُ من الإِثم
They say wine is called sin; if that is so,
then his saliva is the sin innocent of sin.
كأَنيَas though I لمdid not أَسْكَرgrow drunk بخمرةِon the wine of رِيقهhis saliva
كأَنيَ لم أَسْكَر بخمرةِ رِيقه
وعَرْبَدْتand I caroused لكنْbut فَوْقَupon خدَّيهِhis two cheeks باللَّثمwith kisses
وعَرْبَدْت لكنْ فَوْقَ خدَّيهِ باللَّثم
As though I had never grown drunk on the wine of his saliva,
or caroused—though on his cheeks, with kisses;
ولمand did not أَرI see غُصْناًa branch مائِلاًswaying مِنْfrom قَوَامِهhis figure
ولم أَر غُصْناً مائِلاً مِنْ قَوَامِه
يُقوِّمهstraightens it لكِنْbut عِنَاقِيَmy embrace أَوor ضَمِّيmy clasp
يُقوِّمه لكِنْ عِنَاقِيَ أَو ضَمِّي
nor seen a swaying branch in his figure,
straightened only by my embrace or clasp;
ولمand did not أَصرعI fell العذَّالَthe reproachers فيin مَعْركَthe battlefield of الهوىlove
ولم أَصرع العذَّالَ في مَعْركَ الهوى
ومنand from قدِّهhis stature رُمْحِيmy spear ومِنْand from لَحْظِهhis glance سَهْمِيmy arrow
ومن قدِّه رُمْحِي ومِنْ لَحْظِه سَهْمِي
nor felled the reproachers in love's battlefield,
his stature my spear, his glance my arrow;
ولمand did not تَلْتقِmeet الرُّوحانthe two souls رُوحِيmy soul ورُوحُهand his soul
ولم تَلْتقِ الرُّوحان رُوحِي ورُوحُه
وغايةُand the utmost of غيرِيothers than me يَلْتقيmeets الجسمُthe body بالْجسْمwith the body
وغايةُ غيرِي يَلْتقي الجسمُ بالْجسْم
nor had the two souls met—my soul and his—
while others' utmost is for body to meet body;
ولمand did not أَرْضَI enjoy منهfrom him جنَّةًa paradise هانseemed easy عِنْدَهاbeside it
ولم أَرْضَ منه جنَّةً هان عِنْدَها
عليَّto me دخولُentering النارِthe Fire فيهاfor its sake عَلىwith عِلْمknowledge
عليَّ دخولُ النارِ فيها عَلى عِلْم
nor delighted in a paradise from him, beside which
I thought little of knowingly entering Hell for its sake.
زمانٌa time كأَنِّيas though I لمdid not أَفُزْattain فيهin it بالمُنىَwith wishes
زمانٌ كأَنِّي لم أَفُزْ فيه بالمُنىَ
ولمand did not تَنْزِلِdescend اللَّذاتُthe pleasures فيهin it علىat حُكْميmy command
ولم تَنْزِلِ اللَّذاتُ فيه على حُكْمي
A time—as though I never won my desires in it,
nor had pleasures come there at my command.
فحِلْميَso my self-restraint إِلاَّexcept فيهconcerning him حِلْمُthe restraint of ذويthose possessing النَّهىreason
فحِلْميَ إِلاَّ فيه حِلْمُ ذوي النَّهى
وصَبْرِيَand my patience إِلاَّexcept عنهapart from him صبرُthe patience of أُوليthose possessing العزمresolve
وصَبْرِيَ إِلاَّ عنه صبرُ أُولي العزم
So my self-restraint, save regarding him, is that of the wise,
and my patience, save in separation from him, that of the resolute.
وذاكand that دنوٌّnearness آلturned منيfor me إِلىinto النَّوىseparation
وذاك دنوٌّ آل مني إِلى النَّوى
وذاكand that سرورٌjoy آلturned منهfrom him إِلىinto الهمِّsorrow
وذاك سرورٌ آل منه إِلى الهمِّ
And that nearness turned, for me, into separation,
and that joy from him ended in sorrow.
كذاthus خُلِقَتْit was created فالقربُso nearness للبعْدِis for distance والرِّضَاand contentment
كذا خُلِقَتْ فالقربُ للبعْدِ والرِّضَا
إِلىto السُّخْطِdispleasure والقَصْرُand the palace المشيدُloftily built إِلىto الْهَدْمdemolition
إِلى السُّخْطِ والقَصْرُ المشيدُ إِلى الْهَدْم
Thus it was fashioned: nearness leads to distance, and contentment
to displeasure, and the lofty palace to ruin.
نَسيتُI forgot سِوىall but دارٍa dwelling بكيتُI wept برَسْمِهاat its ruins
نَسيتُ سِوى دارٍ بكيتُ برَسْمِها
وذَلِكَand that رَسْميmy custom إِنْif وَقَفْتُI stop علىat الرَّسمthe ruins
وذَلِكَ رَسْمي إِنْ وَقَفْتُ على الرَّسم
I forgot all but a dwelling whose traces I wept over;
and such is my custom whenever I stop at ruins.
وديعةُa deposit مسكٍof musk فيin ثَراهاits soil وجْدتُهاI found it
وديعةُ مسكٍ في ثَراها وجْدتُها
فصيِّرتُso I made لَثْمِيmy kissing للوَدِيعةِupon the deposit كالخَتْمِlike a seal
فصيِّرتُ لَثْمِي للوَدِيعةِ كالخَتْمِ
I found a deposit of musk within its soil,
so I made my kiss a seal upon that deposit.
علىaccording to سُنَّةِthe custom of العُشَّاقِthe lovers أَوor بِدْعةِthe innovation of الهوىlove
على سُنَّةِ العُشَّاقِ أَو بِدْعةِ الهوى
حَمَلْتُI charged بجهْليwith my folly إِذْwhen جهِلْتُI was foolish علىagainst حِلْمِيmy good sense
حَمَلْتُ بجهْلي إِذْ جهِلْتُ على حِلْمِي
Following the lovers' custom, or love's innovation,
I attacked my good sense with my folly, in my foolishness.
ولكننيbut I أَنْشَرْتُresurrected فهمِيmy understanding منfrom البِلَىdecay
ولكنني أَنْشَرْتُ فهمِي من البِلَى
كماjust as أَنَّنِيthat I أَيقظْتُawakened حِلْميmy reason منfrom الحُلْمِdreaming
كما أَنَّنِي أَيقظْتُ حِلْمي من الحُلْمِ
But I resurrected my understanding from decay,
just as I awakened my reason from dreaming.
وأَقبلand came forward نُسْكِيmy devotion حينَwhen ولَّتْdeparted شَبيبَتيmy youth
وأَقبل نُسْكِي حينَ ولَّتْ شَبيبَتي
وآضَand turned back اجْتِرامِيmy wrongdoing حينwhen عاتَبَهrebuked it حزْمِيmy resolve
وآضَ اجْتِرامِي حين عاتَبَه حزْمِي
And my devotion came forward as my youth departed,
and my wrongdoing turned back when my resolve rebuked it.
فجِئْتُso I came إِلىto الإِسكندريةِAlexandria قاصداًheading
فجِئْتُ إِلى الإِسكندريةِ قاصداً
إِلىto كعبةِthe Kaaba of الإسلامِIslam أَوor عَلَمِthe beacon of العِلْمknowledge
إِلى كعبةِ الإسلامِ أَو عَلَمِ العِلْم
So I came to Alexandria, making my way
to Islam's Kaaba, or the beacon of learning,
إِلىto خيرِthe finest دينٍfaith عندهwith it خَيْرُthe finest مُرشِدٍguide
إِلى خيرِ دينٍ عنده خَيْرُ مُرشِدٍ
وخيرِand the finest إِمامٍimam عنْدَهُwith him خيرُthe finest مُؤْتَمِّfollower
وخيرِ إِمامٍ عنْدَهُ خيرُ مُؤْتَمِّ
to the finest faith, whose guide is the finest,
and the finest imam, whose follower is the finest;
إِلىto أَحمدَAhmad المُحييreviver of شَريعةَthe sacred law of أَحمدٍAhmad
إِلى أَحمدَ المُحيي شَريعةَ أَحمدٍ
فلاso may not عَدِمتْlose منهُin him أَباًa father أُمَّهُhis mother (probably 'community') الأُمِّيthe Unlettered One
فلا عَدِمتْ منهُ أَباً أُمَّهُ الأُمِّي
to Ahmad, reviver of the sacred law of Ahmad;
so may the Unlettered One's [community] never lose a father in him.
حَمَىhe sheltered بدُعاءٍthrough prayer أَوor هَمَىshowered بفوائدٍwith benefits
حَمَى بدُعاءٍ أَو هَمَى بفوائدٍ
فبُورِكَso blessed be مَنْthe one who ماnot زَالceased يَحْميhe protects كماjust as يَهْمِيhe showers
فبُورِكَ مَنْ ما زَال يَحْمي كما يَهْمِي
He sheltered through prayer, or showered benefits;
blessed be he who never ceases to shelter as he showers.
تقوَّسhe bent تقويسَlike the bending of الهِلالِthe crescent تهجُّداًin night prayer
تقوَّس تقويسَ الهِلالِ تهجُّداً
وذاكand that هلالٌa crescent يَفْضَحُputs to shame البدرَthe full moon فيat التمِّfullness
وذاك هلالٌ يَفْضَحُ البدرَ في التمِّ
He bowed in night prayer, curved like the crescent,
and that crescent shames the moon at its fullest.
إِذاwhen ماever شياطينُthe devils of الضَّلالِerror تمرَّدتrebel
إِذا ما شياطينُ الضَّلالِ تمرَّدت
جِدَالاًin argument فمِنْthen from أَقوالهhis words كَوْكَبُa star الرَّجْمِof stoning
جِدَالاً فمِنْ أَقواله كَوْكَبُ الرَّجْمِ
When the devils of error rebel
in argument, from his words comes a stoning star.
تكادُalmost لديْهin his presence العربُthe Arabs والفخرُthough glory فَخْرُهاis their glory
تكادُ لديْه العربُ والفخرُ فَخْرُها
تُقِرُّacknowledge بهthrough him أَنَّthat المفاخرَglories فيamong العُجْمِthe non-Arabs
تُقِرُّ به أَنَّ المفاخرَ في العُجْمِ
Before him the Arabs, for all their glory, almost
concede through him that glories belong to non-Arabs.
أَبُوfather of الدَّهرTime عمراًin years واعْتِزَاماًand resolve ومنصِباًand rank
أَبُو الدَّهر عمراً واعْتِزَاماً ومنصِباً
فلاso may not ذاقَtaste منهthrough losing him دهرُهhis time فَجْعَةَthe grief of اليُتْمorphanhood
فلا ذاقَ منه دهرُه فَجْعَةَ اليُتْم
Time's father in years, resolve, and rank—
may his time never taste, through losing him, the grief of orphanhood.
أَتيتُI came لهto him مُسْتَشْفِعاًseeking intercession بدُعائِهthrough his prayer
أَتيتُ له مُسْتَشْفِعاً بدُعائِه
يُقِيلُhe pardons بهthrough it جُرْمِيmy offense ويَشْفَعُand intercedes فيfor إِثمِيmy sin
يُقِيلُ به جُرْمِي ويَشْفَعُ في إِثمِي
I came to him seeking intercession through his prayer,
that through it he might remit my offense and intercede for my sin.
ويمَّمْتُand I headed toward يمّاًa sea حُزْتُI traversed فيthrough اليَمِّthe sea قَبْلَهُbefore reaching him
ويمَّمْتُ يمّاً حُزْتُ في اليَمِّ قَبْلَهُ
إِليهtoward him فمِنْso from يمٍّa sea وَصَلْتُI arrived إِلىat يَمِّa sea
إِليه فمِنْ يمٍّ وَصَلْتُ إِلى يَمِّ
And I sought a sea, voyaging first across the sea
toward him: from one sea I came to another.
وفارَقْتُand I parted from مَالاwhat cannot يُسْتَطاعُbe borne فِراقُهparting from it
وفارَقْتُ مَالا يُسْتَطاعُ فِراقُه
فيالكَso, how wondrous you are عَدْلاًas justice لاَحَappeared فيin صُورَةِthe guise of الظُّلْمِinjustice
فيالكَ عَدْلاً لاَحَ في صُورَةِ الظُّلْمِ
And I parted from what one cannot bear to leave;
what justice appeared in the guise of injustice!
وخلَّفتُand I left behind إِخواناًbrothers كِرَاماًnoble ومَعْشَراًand companions
وخلَّفتُ إِخواناً كِرَاماً ومَعْشَراً
إِذاwhen مَرِضُواthey fell ill دَاوَوْاthey treated سقيمَهمُtheir sick one باسميwith my name
إِذا مَرِضُوا دَاوَوْا سقيمَهمُ باسمي
And I left behind noble brothers and companions
who, when ill, would cure their sick with my name.
فهلso is it عِندَكُمknown to you أَنِّthat I نزلتُI settled بِبَلْدَةٍin a city
فهل عِندَكُم أَنِّ نزلتُ بِبَلْدَةٍ
هيit الثغرُthe frontier port/mouth إِلاَّexcept أَنهthat it بَاردُcool الظَّلْمmouth-moisture
هي الثغرُ إِلاَّ أَنه بَاردُ الظَّلْم
Do you know that I have settled in a city
that is a frontier port, yet a mouth with cool saliva?
ترىsee أَهُلهits people كسبَearning المحامِدpraise فيin النُّهىwisdom
ترى أَهُله كسبَ المحامِد في النُّهى
وحَوْزَand attaining العُلىeminence فيin البِرِّgoodness والغُنمْand gain فيin الغُرْمِloss
وحَوْزَ العُلى في البِرِّ والغُنمْ في الغُرْمِ
Its people see the earning of praise in wisdom,
and the attainment of greatness in goodness, and gain in loss.
شَكْرتكُمُI thanked you ياO أَهْلَpeople of اسْكندريَّةٍAlexandria
شَكْرتكُمُ يا أَهْلَ اسْكندريَّةٍ
لأَنَّكُمُbecause you أَنأَىfurthest الأَنامِhumankind عنfrom الذَّمِّblame
لأَنَّكُمُ أَنأَى الأَنامِ عن الذَّمِّ
I thank you, O people of Alexandria,
for you are the furthest of humankind from blame.
فإِنso if أَناI واصَلْتُprolong المقامَthe stay فعنthen from رِضىًcontentment
فإِن أَنا واصَلْتُ المقامَ فعن رِضىً
وإِنْand if أَناI أَزْمَعْتُresolve on الرَحيلَdeparture فَعَنْthen against رَغْميmy will
وإِنْ أَنا أَزْمَعْتُ الرَحيلَ فَعَنْ رَغْمي
So if I prolong my stay, it is from contentment;
and if I resolve to leave, it is against my will.
سأَحبوكُمI shall bestow on you رِقَّthe bondage of القوافيrhymes فإِنَّنيfor I
سأَحبوكُم رِقَّ القوافي فإِنَّني
بغيرwithout اخْتِلاقٍfabrication مَالِكُmaster of النَّثْرِprose والنَّظْمِand verse
بغير اخْتِلاقٍ مَالِكُ النَّثْرِ والنَّظْمِ
I shall give you my rhymes as slaves, for I,
without fabrication, am master of prose and verse.