غريميmy debtor ولكنهbut he is الماطلُthe one who delays payment
غريمي ولكنه الماطلُ
حبيبيmy beloved ولكنَّهbut he is القاتلُthe killer
حبيبي ولكنَّه القاتلُ
He is my debtor, yet he keeps delaying payment;
he is my beloved, yet he is the killer.
أَرىI see قاتليmy killer غُصُناًa bough ناضراًflourishing
أَرى قاتلي غُصُناً ناضراً
ولكنbut لهhe has مَرشفٌlips ذابلwithered
ولكن له مَرشفٌ ذابل
I see my killer as a flourishing bough,
yet his lips are withered.
وظَبْيand a gazelle حبائلُهُhis snares شَعْرُهhis hair
وظَبْي حبائلُهُ شَعْرُه
فمِنْهso from himself لهfor him الصَّيدُthe prey والحابِلُand the snarer
فمِنْه له الصَّيدُ والحابِلُ
And he is a gazelle whose snares are his hair;
thus in himself he has both prey and snarer.
ففيfor in خِدرِهhis secluded chamber جؤْذُرٌan oryx calf كَانِسٌsheltering in its covert
ففي خِدرِه جؤْذُرٌ كَانِسٌ
وفيand in سَرْجِهhis saddle أَسَدٌa lion باسِلُvaliant
وفي سَرْجِه أَسَدٌ باسِلُ
For in his secluded chamber, he is an oryx calf in its covert;
and in his saddle, a valiant lion.
وفيand in قلبهhis heart مَلِكٌa king جائرْtyrannical
وفي قلبه مَلِكٌ جائرْ
وفيand about خِصْرِهhis waist خَاتَمٌa ring جَائِلُmoving freely
وفي خِصْرِه خَاتَمٌ جَائِلُ
And in his heart is a tyrannical king;
and around his waist, a ring turns freely.
ومِنْand from خَمرِهhis wine أَوor فَمِنthen from ثَغْرِهhis lips
ومِنْ خَمرِه أَو فَمِن ثَغْرِه
يقالis called لناظِرهto his eye بابلُBabylon
يقال لناظِره بابلُ
And because of his wine—or else his lips—
his eye is called Babylon.
قريبٌnear علىdespite أَنهhis being نازحٌfar away
قريبٌ على أَنه نازحٌ
وحالٍand adorned علىdespite أَنَّهhis being عَاطِلُunadorned
وحالٍ على أَنَّه عَاطِلُ
Near, though he is far away,
and adorned, though he wears no jewels.
إِذاwhen فاضَoverflowed منهfrom him مكانُa seat of الجمالbeauty
إِذا فاضَ منه مكانُ الجمال
فكلُّthen every مكانٍplace لهto it قَابِلُreceptive
فكلُّ مكانٍ له قَابِلُ
When a seat of beauty in him overflows,
every place is ready to receive it.
وكَمand how much بذَلhe lavished الصَّدَّrejection منout of بُخْلِهhis stinginess
وكَم بذَل الصَّدَّ من بُخْلِه
ومنand of عَجبٍwonder باذلٌa giver بَاخلُa miser
ومن عَجبٍ باذلٌ بَاخلُ
And how lavishly he has bestowed rejection out of his stinginess!
And what a wonder—a giver who is a miser!
توهَّمتُI imagined أَنِّيَthat I was لاnot عاشقٌa lover
توهَّمتُ أَنِّيَ لا عاشقٌ
لأَنِّيَbecause I ماnot فيهconcerning him ليfor me عَاذِلa reproacher
لأَنِّيَ ما فيه لي عَاذِل
I imagined that I was no lover,
because no one reproaches me over him.
بهbecause of him كدتُI nearly أُنْقَلwas turned away عنfrom شِيمتيmy nature
به كدتُ أُنْقَل عن شِيمتي
وقدand may يَقهرُoverpower الشيمةَone's nature النَّاقِلُthe changer
وقد يَقهرُ الشيمةَ النَّاقِلُ
Because of him, I was almost turned from my nature;
and he who alters one's nature may overpower it.
لمثلكfor one like you زلَّتslipped عقولُthe minds of الرِّجالِmen
لمثلك زلَّت عقولُ الرِّجالِ
ولكنَّنِيbut I am عَاشِقٌa lover عَاقِلrational
ولكنَّنِي عَاشِقٌ عَاقِل
For one like you, men's minds have slipped,
but I am a lover still in my right mind.
فلاso do not تنهرrebuke الصبَّthe lovesick lover ظُلْماًunjustly لهtoward him
فلا تنهر الصبَّ ظُلْماً له
فإِنfor indeed العِذارَthe cheek-down هوit is السائلthe petitioner
فإِن العِذارَ هو السائل
So do not rebuke the lovesick man unjustly,
for the cheek-down is itself the petitioner.
وحقِّby the sanctity of الهوىlove إِنَّindeed أَهلَthe people of الْهَوَىlove
وحقِّ الهوى إِنَّ أَهلَ الْهَوَى
لهمthey have بالهوىin love شُغُلٌan occupation شَاغِلُall-consuming
لهم بالهوى شُغُلٌ شَاغِلُ
By love's sanctity, lovers indeed
have an all-consuming preoccupation with love.
تُعينهُمُassists them فيin الهوىlove أَعْيُنٌeyes
تُعينهُمُ في الهوى أَعْيُنٌ
وينصرُهمand aids them رشَأٌa gazelle fawn خَاذِلُforsaking
وينصرُهم رشَأٌ خَاذِلُ
Eyes assist them in love,
and a fawn who forsakes them comes to their aid.
ولوand if ظَفِرواthey won بالَّذيwith what نِلْتُهI received it
ولو ظَفِروا بالَّذي نِلْتُه
لأَسلاَهُمُwould have made them forget ذلكَthat النَّائِلُgift
لأَسلاَهُمُ ذلكَ النَّائِلُ
And had they won what I received,
that gift would have made them forget their love.
نوالٌa bounty أَتانيcame to me كمثلlike الأَتِّيan incoming flood
نوالٌ أَتاني كمثل الأَتِّي
يراضُis made verdant بهby it البلدُthe land الماحِلbarren
يراضُ به البلدُ الماحِل
A bounty came to me like an incoming flood,
by which the barren land is made verdant.
سَرىit traveled by night والسَّماحُand generosity لهfor it سابقٌgoing before
سَرى والسَّماحُ له سابقٌ
وظهرُand the back of السحابِthe clouds لهfor it حَامِلُa bearer
وظهرُ السحابِ له حَامِلُ
It traveled by night, with generosity going before it,
and the back of the clouds bore it.
فروَّىso it watered وروَّضand made verdant وادِيthe valley of المُنىwishes
فروَّى وروَّض وادِي المُنى
ونالَand attained بهthrough it الأَملَhope الآملُthe hopeful one
ونالَ به الأَملَ الآملُ
So it watered the valley of wishes and made it a garden,
and through it the hopeful one attained his hope.
ذُهلتُI was astounded بمعجزِby the miracle of ذَاكthat النَّوالِbounty
ذُهلتُ بمعجزِ ذَاك النَّوالِ
وفيand at مِثلهits like يَذْهَلُis bewildered الذَّاهِلُthe bewildered one
وفي مِثله يَذْهَلُ الذَّاهِلُ
I was astounded by the miracle of that bounty,
and at its like, the wonderstruck are struck with wonder.
ومَنهلِand a wellspring of بِرٍّkindness أَتَىcame to نَاهِلاًa thirsty drinker
ومَنهلِ بِرٍّ أَتَى نَاهِلاً
ويَأْتِيand comes إِلىto الْمنْهلِthe wellspring النَّاهِلُthe thirsty drinker
ويَأْتِي إِلى الْمنْهلِ النَّاهِلُ
and by a wellspring of kindness that came to a thirsty man,
though the thirsty man comes to the wellspring.
وإِنand if قلتُI said أَعرفُI know وصفاًa description لهof it
وإِن قلتُ أَعرفُ وصفاً له
دَلَلْتُI gave evidence عَلَىof أَنَّنِيthat I am جَاهِلُignorant
دَلَلْتُ عَلَى أَنَّنِي جَاهِلُ
And if I claimed to know how to describe it,
I would prove myself ignorant.
حَبانيbestowed on me بهwith it ملكٌa king جُودُهhis generosity
حَباني به ملكٌ جُودُه
جديدٌfresh كماjust as طَوْلَهhis beneficence طَائلabundant
جديدٌ كما طَوْلَه طَائل
A king bestowed it on me—his generosity
is fresh, just as his beneficence is abundant.
هوhe is الطَّاهرthe pure one الظاهرُmanifest المْكرُماnoble deeds (word continues)
هو الطَّاهر الظاهرُ المْكرُما
تِcompletion of 'noble deeds' والأَروعُand the awe-inspiring one العالِمُthe learned one الْعامِلُthe man of action
تِ والأَروعُ العالِمُ الْعامِلُ
He is the pure one, manifest in noble
deeds, and the awe-inspiring, the learned, the man of action.
مكارمُهُhis noble deeds ماnot لهاthey have غَايَةٌan end
مكارمُهُ ما لها غَايَةٌ
ولُجَّتُهand his deep sea ماnot لَهاit has سَاحِلa shore
ولُجَّتُه ما لَها سَاحِل
His noble deeds have no limit,
and his deep sea has no shore.
منارُthe beacon of السَّماحِgenerosity بهthrough him قَائِمٌstanding
منارُ السَّماحِ به قَائِمٌ
وربعُand the abode of العَلاءِglory بهthrough him آهِلُinhabited
وربعُ العَلاءِ به آهِلُ
Through him, the beacon of generosity stands,
and through him, the abode of glory is inhabited.
تجيءُcome الملوكُthe kings إِلىto بابِهhis gate
تجيءُ الملوكُ إِلى بابِه
لِيَغْمُرَهُمْso as to engulf them جُودُهhis generosity الشامِلُall-embracing
لِيَغْمُرَهُمْ جُودُه الشامِلُ
Kings come to his gate,
so his all-embracing generosity may engulf them.
علىat البابthe gate أَشرفُهمtheir noblest واقفاًstanding
على الباب أَشرفُهم واقفاً
ومَنْand who ذَاthis one الَّذِيwho منهمُamong them الدَّاخلthe one entering
ومَنْ ذَا الَّذِي منهمُ الدَّاخل
At the gate, their noblest stands,
and who among them is it that enters?
وإِنand if دَخَلواthey enter صَمَتواthey fall silent خُشُّعاًhumbled
وإِن دَخَلوا صَمَتوا خُشُّعاً
لأَنbecause المَقامَthe presence لهمto them هَائِلُawe-inspiring
لأَن المَقامَ لهم هَائِلُ
And if they enter, they fall silent, humbled,
for that presence fills them with awe.
يعمُّهمُencompasses them حلمُهhis forbearance المطمئنُّserene
يعمُّهمُ حلمُه المطمئنُّ
ويشملُهمand embraces them بِرُّهُhis kindness العاجِلُimmediate
ويشملُهم بِرُّهُ العاجِلُ
His serene forbearance encompasses them,
and his prompt kindness embraces them.
ويَخْفِضُهمand lowers them أَنَّهمthat they are كالمُضافِlike a dependent noun
ويَخْفِضُهم أَنَّهم كالمُضافِ
ويرفَعُهمand raises them أَنَّهthat he is الفاعِلُthe acting subject
ويرفَعُهم أَنَّه الفاعِلُ
Their being like a dependent noun lowers them,
and his being the acting subject raises them.
وأَعداؤُهand his enemies كلُّهمevery one of them ناكبٌturning aside
وأَعداؤُه كلُّهم ناكبٌ
عَنِfrom الرُّشْدright guidance بلrather كلُّمall of them ناكِلُrecoiling
عَنِ الرُّشْد بل كلُّم ناكِلُ
And every one of his enemies turns aside
from right guidance; rather, every one recoils.
فأَوقدُهمso their fieriest عِندهbefore him خامِدٌquenched
فأَوقدُهم عِنده خامِدٌ
وأَنبهُهمand their most renowned عندَهbeside him خَامِلُobscure
وأَنبهُهم عندَه خَامِلُ
So their fieriest is quenched before him,
and their most renowned is obscure beside him.
أَبادَهُمُannihilated them بأْسُهhis might المستطيلُoverwhelming
أَبادَهُمُ بأْسُه المستطيلُ
وأَهلَكهمand destroyed them سيْفُهhis sword الفاصِلُcleaving
وأَهلَكهم سيْفُه الفاصِلُ
His overwhelming might annihilated them,
and his cleaving sword destroyed them.
لكyours is السَّيْفُthe sword إِنif شِيمis sighted بَرْقٌa lightning-flash لَهof it
لك السَّيْفُ إِن شِيم بَرْقٌ لَه
فللموتِthen for death عارِضُهits rain-cloud الهاطِلُpouring down
فللموتِ عارِضُه الهاطِلُ
Yours is the sword: if its lightning is sighted,
then its downpouring cloud belongs to death.
بهthrough it الحَقُّtruth حُقَّwas established كماjust as أَنَّهthat it
به الحَقُّ حُقَّ كما أَنَّه
بحَدَّيهِby its two edges قدindeed أُبْطِلَwas annulled البَاطِلُfalsehood
بحَدَّيهِ قد أُبْطِلَ البَاطِلُ
Through it, truth was affirmed, just as
falsehood was annulled by its two edges.
إِذاif مَلِكٌa king جارacted unjustly فيin حُكْمِهhis rule
إِذا مَلِكٌ جار في حُكْمِه
فسيفُكthen your sword فيin رأْسِهhis head عادِلُjust
فسيفُك في رأْسِه عادِلُ
If a king is unjust in his rule,
then your sword administers justice in his head.
وليسand there is no لهfor him نَفَسٌa breath حَاضِرٌpresent
وليس له نَفَسٌ حَاضِرٌ
وليسand there is no لهfor him أَجَلٌan allotted lifespan آجلfuture
وليس له أَجَلٌ آجل
And he has no breath now,
nor any term of life yet to come.
إِذاwhen ماever (emphatic) نَزَلْتَyou descend علىupon ناكِثٍan oath-breaker
إِذا ما نَزَلْتَ على ناكِثٍ
فكلُّthen every بلاءcalamity بهupon him نازلdescending
فكلُّ بلاء به نازل
Whenever you descend upon an oath-breaker,
every calamity descends upon him.
وإماand if عطفتyou show kindness علىtoward مجتدa seeker of bounty
وإما عطفت على مجتد
فكلthen every رجاءٍhope لهfor him حَاصِلُfulfilled
فكل رجاءٍ له حَاصِلُ
And if you show kindness to a seeker of bounty,
every hope of his is fulfilled.
لفَظْتُI spat out ملوكَthe kings of الوَرىmankind بعدهafter him
لفَظْتُ ملوكَ الوَرى بعده
كماas لفظspat out اللقمةthe morsel الآكلthe eater
كما لفظ اللقمة الآكل
After him, I spat out the kings of mankind,
as an eater spits out a morsel.
وإنيand I شغلتam absorbed بهin him عنهمaway from them
وإني شغلت به عنهم
فماso not أَنَاI عنهمْabout them بهbecause of him سائِلُasking
فما أَنَا عنهمْ به سائِلُ
And I am absorbed in him, to their exclusion,
so because of him I ask nothing about them.
ولوand if جاءَنيcame to me أَمرُهُhis command بالمسيرِto travel
ولو جاءَني أَمرُهُ بالمسيرِ
لسرْتُI would travel ولوeven if أَنَّنِيthat I am رَاجِلon foot
لسرْتُ ولو أَنَّنِي رَاجِل
And if his command to travel reached me,
I would travel, even if I were on foot.
وماand not أَناI منof أَمَليmy hope آيِسٌdespairing
وما أَنا من أَمَلي آيِسٌ
فكيفَthen how وإِنعامُهwhile his beneficence كَافِلa guarantor
فكيفَ وإِنعامُه كَافِل
And I do not despair of my hope;
how could I, when his beneficence guarantees it?
وماand as long as عشتُI live مَدْحيmy praise لهfor him وَافْدٌa visitor
وما عشتُ مَدْحي له وَافْدٌ
عليهto him وحمْدِيand my gratitude لهfor him واصِلarriving
عليه وحمْدِي له واصِل
And as long as I live, my praise for him shall be a visitor
to him, and my gratitude shall reach him.
وماand not أَناI عنregarding شُكْرِهthanking him ساكِتٌsilent
وما أَنا عن شُكْرِه ساكِتٌ
ولاnor أَنَاI عنof ذِكرِهremembering him غَافِلheedless
ولا أَنَا عن ذِكرِه غَافِل
And I will not fall silent in thanking him,
nor will I be heedless of remembering him.
بقيتَmay you endure وبدرُكand your full moon لاnot غارِبٌsetting
بقيتَ وبدرُك لا غارِبٌ
وعِشْتَand may you live ونَجمُكand your star لاnot آفِلُsetting
وعِشْتَ ونَجمُك لا آفِلُ
May you endure, and may your full moon never set;
and may you live, and may your star never set.