أوَميضُis it a flash البرقِof lightning فيin الليلthe night البهيمْpitch-black
أوَميضُ البرقِ في الليل البهيمْ
أمor أياةُthe radiance of الشمسthe sun فيin كأسthe cup of النديمthe drinking companion
أم أياةُ الشمس في كأس النديم
Is it lightning's flash in the pitch-black night,
or the sun's radiance in the drinking companion's cup?
فَتَلَقّso receive الرَّوْحَrefreshment منfrom ريحانةٍa basil sprig
فَتَلَقّ الرَّوْحَ من ريحانةٍ
حَيّتِgreeted الشَّربَthe drinkers بهاwith it راحةُthe palm of ريمa gazelle
حَيّتِ الشَّربَ بها راحةُ ريم
Then take refreshment from a fragrant basil sprig,
with which a gazelle's palm has greeted the drinkers.
عُصِرَتْwas pressed والدهرُwhile time يومٌa day مُفْرَدٌsingle
عُصِرَتْ والدهرُ يومٌ مُفْرَدٌ
كقسيمٍlike one half لمnot تُجِزْهُyou completed it بقسيمwith another half
كقسيمٍ لم تُجِزْهُ بقسيم
It was pressed when time was but a single day,
like one half you have not completed with another.
جُنِيَتْwere harvested أعْنابُهاits grapes مِنْfrom جَنّةٍa garden
جُنِيَتْ أعْنابُها مِنْ جَنّةٍ
نُقِلتْwere carried منهاfrom it إلىto حرّthe heat of الجحيمHell
نُقِلتْ منها إلى حرّ الجحيم
Its grapes were picked from a garden,
and carried from it into the heat of Hell.
فَلَبُوسُso the raiment of النارِfire فيهاin it سكةٌa stamp
فَلَبُوسُ النارِ فيها سكةٌ
حَكَمَتْdecreed للشَّرْبِfor the drinkers منهاfrom it بالنّعيمbliss
حَكَمَتْ للشَّرْبِ منها بالنّعيم
So fire's raiment in it is a seal
that has decreed bliss for those who drink it.
كفَّcurbed حكمُthe sway of الماءِwater منهاfrom it سورةًfierce potency
كفَّ حكمُ الماءِ منها سورةً
تُسْكِرُintoxicates الصّاحيَthe sober person منهاfrom it بالشّميمwith the scent
تُسْكِرُ الصّاحيَ منها بالشّميم
Water's sway has curbed its fierce potency,
which intoxicates the sober with its scent.
وكأنّand as though الكأسَthe cup تاجٌa crown كُلّلَتْwere garlanded
وكأنّ الكأسَ تاجٌ كُلّلَتْ
جَنَباتٌsides منهof it بالدّرّwith pearls النّظيمneatly strung
جَنَباتٌ منه بالدّرّ النّظيم
And the cup seems a crown, garlanded
along its sides with pearls neatly strung.
وقواريرُand glass vials حَبابٍof bubbles سَبَحَتْfloated
وقواريرُ حَبابٍ سَبَحَتْ
منfrom سُلافِthe free-run wine of الكرمthe vine فيin ماءٍwater كريمfine
من سُلافِ الكرم في ماءٍ كريم
And glass vials of bubbles floated
from the vine's free-run wine in fine water.
فَهِيَso it is الدّرْياقُthe antidote مِنْagainst سَمّthe poison of الأسىsorrow
فَهِيَ الدّرْياقُ مِنْ سَمّ الأسى
حيثُwhere لاnot يَشْفيكَheals you درياقthe antidote of الحكيمthe physician
حيثُ لا يَشْفيكَ درياق الحكيم
It is the antidote to sorrow's poison,
when the physician's antidote cannot heal you.
أقبَلَتْcame forward تَسْعىhurrying بهاwith it خُمْصَانَةٌa slender-waisted woman
أقبَلَتْ تَسْعى بها خُمْصَانَةٌ
عمّencompassed منهاfrom her حُسْنُهاher beauty خلقاًpeople عميمnumerous
عمّ منها حُسْنُها خلقاً عميم
A slender-waisted woman came hurrying with it;
her beauty spread from her to a vast multitude.
كلماwhenever قامتshe rose تثَنّىshe swayed خَلَعَتْshe draped
كلما قامت تثَنّى خَلَعَتْ
مَيَلَthe sway of التيهpride علىupon خُوطٍa supple branch قويمstraight
مَيَلَ التيه على خُوطٍ قويم
Whenever she rose and swayed, she draped
the sway of pride upon a straight, supple branch.
سِحْرُthe magic of هاروتٍHarut وماروتٍand Marut بهاin her
سِحْرُ هاروتٍ وماروتٍ بها
فيin فتُورِthe languor of اللحظِthe glance واللفظِand the speech الرّخيمsoftly melodious
في فتُورِ اللحظِ واللفظِ الرّخيم
The magic of Harut and Marut dwells in her,
in the languor of her glance and her mellow speech.
تودعُshe places الكفّthe palm شهاباًa meteor محرقاًscorching
تودعُ الكفّ شهاباً محرقاً
كلّevery شيطانٍdemon منof الهمّcare رجيمaccursed
كلّ شيطانٍ من الهمّ رجيم
She places in the palm a meteor that scorches
every accursed demon of care.
فيin ظلامٍdarkness بَرَقَflashed الصبحُdawn لهupon it
في ظلامٍ بَرَقَ الصبحُ له
فتولىso it fled عنهfrom it إجفالَthe startled flight of الظليمthe male ostrich
فتولى عنه إجفالَ الظليم
In darkness upon which dawn flashed,
so it fled before it like a startled male ostrich.
وحَكَتْand resembled جَوْزاؤهُits Orion ساقيةًa female cupbearer
وحَكَتْ جَوْزاؤهُ ساقيةً
بنطاقٍwith a belt شُدّfastened فيaround خَصْرٍa waist هضيمslender
بنطاقٍ شُدّ في خَصْرٍ هضيم
And its Orion resembled a cupbearer,
with a belt drawn tight around a slender waist.
وكأنّand as though الشُّهْبَthe bright stars كاساتٌgoblets لهاfor them
وكأنّ الشُّهْبَ كاساتٌ لها
شاربٌa drinker فيin الغربthe west للشُّرْبِto drinking مديمcontinually devoted
شاربٌ في الغرب للشُّرْبِ مديم
And the bright stars seemed goblets with
a drinker in the west who drank continually.
وكأنّand as though الصبحَdawn كفّa hand أُخْرِجَتْwas brought out
وكأنّ الصبحَ كفّ أُخْرِجَتْ
لكfor you منfrom جَيْبِthe bosom of ابنِthe son of عمرانَImran الكليمwho spoke with God
لك من جَيْبِ ابنِ عمرانَ الكليم
And dawn seemed a hand brought forth
for you from the bosom of Imran's son, who spoke with God.
وكأنّand as though الشرقَthe east فيهin it رافعٌlifting
وكأنّ الشرقَ فيه رافعٌ
حُجُباًveils عنfrom وجهthe face of يحيىYahya بنson of تميمTamim
حُجُباً عن وجه يحيى بن تميم
And the east seems in it to be lifting
veils from the face of Yahya ibn Tamim.
مَلِكٌa king فيin الملكِkingship يُبْديreveals فَخْرُهُhis glory
مَلِكٌ في الملكِ يُبْدي فَخْرُهُ
جَوْهَراًa jewel فيin حَسَبِthe noble lineage of المجدglory الصّميمgenuine
جَوْهَراً في حَسَبِ المجد الصّميم
A king whose glory reveals, in kingship,
a jewel in glory's true lineage.
ذائدٌa defender بالسيفwith the sword عَنْin defense of دينِthe faith of الهدىright guidance
ذائدٌ بالسيف عَنْ دينِ الهدى
سالكٌone who treads فيهwithin it سراطاًa path مستقيمstraight
سالكٌ فيه سراطاً مستقيم
Defending with the sword the faith of guidance,
treading within it a straight path.
أحْلَمُthe most forbearing الأملاكِof kings عنtoward ذيone possessing زَلّةٍa lapse
أحْلَمُ الأملاكِ عن ذي زَلّةٍ
سَبَقَpreceded السيفَthe sword لهfor him عَذْلُthe rebuke of الحليمthe forbearing man
سَبَقَ السيفَ له عَذْلُ الحليم
The most forbearing of kings toward one who errs:
the forbearing man's rebuke preceded the sword for him.
وسليمُand unblemished العِرْضِhonor تَلْقىyou find مَالَهُhis wealth
وسليمُ العِرْضِ تَلْقى مَالَهُ
أبداًalways منthrough بذلِهِhis giving غَيْرَnot سليمintact
أبداً من بذلِهِ غَيْرَ سليم
His honor is unscathed, but you find his wealth
always, through his giving, far from unscathed.
ذوpossessing إباءٍproud defiance منon عِداهُhis enemies ناقمٌtaking vengeance
ذو إباءٍ من عِداهُ ناقمٌ
ورؤوفٌand compassionate برعاياهُtoward his subjects رَحيمmerciful
ورؤوفٌ برعاياهُ رَحيم
Proudly unyielding, taking vengeance on his foes,
and compassionate and merciful to his subjects.
منhe who أزاحَremoved الفقْرَpoverty إذْwhen أسْدَىbestowed الغنىwealth
من أزاحَ الفقْرَ إذْ أسْدَى الغنى
وأباحَand made freely available الوَفْرَabundance إذwhile صانَprotected الحريمthe inviolable domain
وأباحَ الوَفْرَ إذ صانَ الحريم
He who banished poverty when he bestowed riches,
and made abundance freely available while guarding his sacred domain.
منhe who لهhas for himself طيبُthe sweetness of ثناءٍpraise أرِجٌfragrant
من له طيبُ ثناءٍ أرِجٌ
راحلٌtraveling فيon مِقْوَلِthe tongue of الدّهْرِtime مقيمabiding
راحلٌ في مِقْوَلِ الدّهْرِ مقيم
He whose sweet praise is fragrant,
traveling yet abiding on the tongue of time.
مَنْhe who لهto him belongs القِدحُthe lot-arrow المُعَلّىhighest-winning فيin العلىeminence
مَنْ له القِدحُ المُعَلّى في العلى
فائزٌwinning فيin الملكِkingship بالحظّthe share العظيمmighty
فائزٌ في الملكِ بالحظّ العظيم
He who holds the highest-winning lot-arrow in eminence,
winning in kingship the mighty share.
مُنْعِمٌa benefactor نبْتُthe growth of مغانيهhis abodes الغنىwealth
مُنْعِمٌ نبْتُ مغانيه الغنى
أفَلاwill not, then يعدمbe absent فِيهنّin them العديمthe destitute
أفَلا يعدم فِيهنّ العديم
A benefactor: wealth is the crop of his abodes.
Will the destitute not then vanish from them?
لمhas not تَزَلْceased تُرْضِعُgives suck أخلافَthe teats of الندىgenerosity
لم تَزَلْ تُرْضِعُ أخلافَ الندى
يَدُهُhis hand العافينَthe seekers of bounty مُذْsince كانhe was فطيمweaned
يَدُهُ العافينَ مُذْ كان فطيم
Never ceasing to nurse from generosity's teats,
his hand has fed supplicants since he was weaned.
ماءُthe water of نعماهُhis bounty نميرٌsweet and wholesome لاnot صَرىًstagnant
ماءُ نعماهُ نميرٌ لا صَرىً
وَمُنَدّاهُand his watered ground خصيبٌfertile لاnot وخيمunwholesome
وَمُنَدّاهُ خصيبٌ لا وخيم
His bounty's water is sweet and wholesome, not stagnant,
and the ground he waters is fertile, not unwholesome.
لاno جمودُwithholding القَطْرِof rain فيin المحلdrought ولاand no
لا جمودُ القَطْرِ في المحل ولا
خُلّبُdeceptiveness البرقof lightning بعيْنَيْbefore the two eyes of مَنْone who يَشيمwatches for rain-bearing lightning
خُلّبُ البرق بعيْنَيْ مَنْ يَشيم
No withholding of rain in drought, nor
deceptive lightning before the eyes of one watching for rain.
كمhow many لهhe has منof حُجّةٍan argument بالغةٍdecisive
كم له من حُجّةٍ بالغةٍ
فيon لسانِthe tongue of السيْفِthe sword تُوْديbrings death بالخصيمto the adversary
في لسانِ السيْفِ تُوْدي بالخصيم
How many a decisive argument he has
on the sword's tongue, bringing death to the adversary!
يَعْمُرُfills الحربَwar بجيشٍwith an army أرضُهُits ground
يَعْمُرُ الحربَ بجيشٍ أرضُهُ
منfrom دمِthe blood of الأعداءِthe enemies حمراءُred الأديمthe skin
من دمِ الأعداءِ حمراءُ الأديم
He fills the battlefield with an army whose earth
is red of skin with the blood of enemies.
يقتضيexacts الذِّمْرُthe champion منfrom الذِّمْرِthe champion بهاin it
يقتضي الذِّمْرُ من الذِّمْرِ بها
روحَهُhis life فالذِّمرُso the champion للذِّمرِto the champion غريمa creditor
روحَهُ فالذِّمرُ للذِّمرِ غريم
In it, one champion exacts from another
his life; each champion is the other's creditor.
وكأنّand as though الشمسَthe sun منthrough قَسْطَلِهِits battle-dust
وكأنّ الشمسَ من قَسْطَلِهِ
فَوْقَهُabove it تنظرُgazes منfrom طَرْفٍan eye سقيمailing
فَوْقَهُ تنظرُ من طَرْفٍ سقيم
And the sun, through its dust-cloud, seems
to look down from above it with an ailing eye.
دقّhe shattered فيهin it السّمْرَthe brown lances طعناًby thrusting وَثَنىand turned
دقّ فيه السّمْرَ طعناً وَثَنى
وَرَقَthe leaves of الفولاذِsteel بالضربِwith blows هشيمsplinters
وَرَقَ الفولاذِ بالضربِ هشيم
There he shattered the brown lances by thrusting, and turned
steel's leaves into splinters with blows.
كيفَhow لاnot يُفْنيannihilates عِدَاهُhis enemies فيin الوغىbattle
كيفَ لا يُفْني عِدَاهُ في الوغى
مَلِكٌa king يغدوbecomes لهfor him الموتُdeath خديمa servant
مَلِكٌ يغدو له الموتُ خديم
How could he not annihilate his enemies in battle—
a king to whom death becomes a servant?
كمhow many فلاةٍa wasteland دونهbefore him يَدْفَعُهاpasses it on
كم فلاةٍ دونه يَدْفَعُها
سُنْبُكُthe hoof of العدوgalloping إلىto خفّthe padded foot of الرسيمswift camel-pacing
سُنْبُكُ العدو إلى خفّ الرسيم
How many a wasteland before him is passed on
by the galloping hoof to the swiftly pacing camel's foot!
لابنfor the son of آوىAwa (Ibn Awa: jackal) وَسْطَهاin its midst وَعْوَعةٌa howling cry
لابن آوى وَسْطَها وَعْوَعةٌ
تُوحِشُterrifies الإنسَhumankind وللبومِand for the owls نئيمa mournful hoot
تُوحِشُ الإنسَ وللبومِ نئيم
In its midst the jackal has a howling cry
that terrifies humankind, and the owls a mournful hoot.
وعظيمand immense الهولِterror لولاbut for آيةٌa sign
وعظيم الهولِ لولا آيةٌ
لمwould not يكُنْbe راكبُهُits rider إلّاexcept أثيمْa sinner
لم يكُنْ راكبُهُ إلّا أثيمْ
And so immense is its terror that, but for a sign,
its rider would be nothing but a sinner.
لمhas not تزلْceased عينيَmy eye أوor أذنيmy ear بهin it
لم تزلْ عينيَ أو أذني به
تُؤذنُinforms القلبthe heart بخوْفٍof fear لاnot يُنيمlets one sleep
تُؤذنُ القلب بخوْفٍ لا يُنيم
There, my eye or my ear never ceased
warning my heart of fear that would not let it sleep.
قدindeed جَمَمْتُI gathered العزمَresolve ماwhat lies بينهماbetween the two of them
قد جَمَمْتُ العزمَ ما بينهما
بالسّرىthrough night travel والنجمand the star بالليلِin the night البهيمpitch-black
بالسّرى والنجم بالليلِ البهيم
I had gathered my resolve between the two,
through night travel and the star in the pitch-black night.
ووردتُand I came to drink النّيلَthe Nile منfrom نَيْلِthe bounty of يدٍa hand
ووردتُ النّيلَ من نَيْلِ يدٍ
تَرْتَويdrink their fill الآمالُhopes منهاfrom it وهيwhile they are هيمthirst-maddened
تَرْتَوي الآمالُ منها وهي هيم
And I came to the Nile of a hand's bounty,
from which hopes drink their fill while thirst-maddened.
ياO أباAbu (father of) الطاهرal-Tahir (the pure) جَدَّدْتَyou renewed علىthrough
يا أبا الطاهر جَدَّدْتَ على
ثنيthe folds of أزمانِthe ages of العلىglory المُلْكَkingship القديمancient
ثني أزمانِ العلى المُلْكَ القديم
O Abu al-Tahir, you have renewed, through
the folds of glory's ages, the ancient kingship.
لستَyou are not كالبحرِlike the sea فَمِلْحٌfor it is salty ماؤهُits water
لستَ كالبحرِ فَمِلْحٌ ماؤهُ
لاno ولاnor كالليثِlike the lion فالليثُfor the lion شتيمgrim-faced
لا ولا كالليثِ فالليثُ شتيم
You are not like the sea, for its water is salty;
no, nor like the lion, for the lion is grim-faced.
بلrather حباكَbestowed on you اللَّهGod بأساًmight وندىًand generosity
بل حباكَ اللَّه بأساً وندىً
خُلُقاًas character منكof yours علىupon أكْرمthe noblest خِيمْinnate nature
خُلُقاً منك على أكْرم خِيمْ
Rather, God has bestowed on you might and generosity,
as traits in you, rooted in the noblest nature.