السَّعْدُgood fortune جُنْدُكَyour army وَالْقَضَاءُand destiny دَلِيلُa guide
السَّعْدُ جُنْدُكَ وَالْقَضَاءُ دَلِيلُ
وَاللهُand God بِالنَّصْرِof victory الْعَزِيِزmighty كَفِيلُguarantor
وَاللهُ بِالنَّصْرِ الْعَزِيِز كَفِيلُ
Good fortune is your army, and destiny your guide.
Good fortune is your army and destiny your guide
And God is guarantor of mighty victory.
And God guarantees you noble victory
فَإذَاso when هَمَمْتَyou resolved بَلَغْتَyou attained كُلَّevery مُمَنَّعٍimpregnable stronghold
فَإذَا هَمَمْتَ بَلَغْتَ كُلَّ مُمَنَّعٍ
وَإذَاand when رَأَيْتَyou formed الرَّأَيَthe judgment لَيْسَdoes not يَفيِلُfalter
وَإذَا رَأَيْتَ الرَّأَيَ لَيْسَ يَفيِلُ
So when you resolve, you attain all that is impregnable;
So when you are determined, you attain all obstacles
and when you form a judgment, it does not falter.
And when you see the way, no weariness makes you fall
شهِدَتْbore witness لَكَfor you الْعَلْيَاءُeminence أَنَّكthat you are رَبَّهاits lord
شهِدَتْ لَكَ الْعَلْيَاءُ أَنَّك رَبَّها
وَالِّدينُand the faith أَنَّكَthat you are سَيْفهُits sword الْمسْلُولُunsheathed
وَالِّدينُ أَنَّكَ سَيْفهُ الْمسْلُولُ
Eminence bore witness for you that you are its lord;
The High One testified you are its Lord
and the faith, that you are its unsheathed sword;
And the religion that you are its drawn sword
وَالْجُودُand generosity أَنَّكَthat you are غَيْثُهُits rain الْهَامِيpouring الْحَيَاrain
وَالْجُودُ أَنَّكَ غَيْثُهُ الْهَامِي الْحَيَا
هَذَاthis وَكُلَّand each شَاهِدٌa witness مَقْبُولُaccepted
هَذَا وَكُلَّ شَاهِدٌ مَقْبُولُ
and generosity, that you are its pouring, life-giving rain.
And generosity that you are its life-giving rain
Such is their testimony, and each is an accepted witness.
This and every witness is accepted
والْحَقّand truth يُغْنِيsuffices عَنْin place of شَهَادَةِthe testimony of شاَهِدٍa witness
والْحَقّ يُغْنِي عَنْ شَهَادَةِ شاَهِدٍ
أَنَّىhow يُرَامُis sought عَلَىfor الصَّبَاحِthe dawn دَلِيلُproof
أَنَّى يُرَامُ عَلَى الصَّبَاحِ دَلِيلُ
And truth has no need of a witness's testimony;
The truth makes any witness's testimony redundant
how could proof of the dawn be sought?
How does one seek proof of the dawn?
فَمِنso whoever اسْتَجَارَsought refuge in عُلاَكَyour eminence عَزَّbecame inviolable جِوارُهُhis protection
فَمِن اسْتَجَارَ عُلاَكَ عَزَّ جِوارُهُ
وَعَزِيزُand a mighty man of قَوْمٍa people لَمْdid not يُطِعْكَobey you ذَلِيلُabased
وَعَزِيزُ قَوْمٍ لَمْ يُطِعْكَ ذَلِيلُ
So whoever seeks refuge in your eminence has inviolable protection;
Whoever seeks your protection, his refuge grows mighty
and a people's mighty man who has not obeyed you is abased.
And the mighty people who disobeyed you became abased
وَإذَاand when تَوخَّيْتَyou pursued السَياسَةgovernance فِيamong الْوَرَىhumankind
وَإذَا تَوخَّيْتَ السَياسَة فِي الْوَرَى
يَوْماًon a day فَمَاthen there is no للِعَدْلِfor justice عَنْكَaway from you عُدُولُturning aside
يَوْماً فَمَا للِعَدْلِ عَنْكَ عُدُولُ
And whenever you undertake governance among humankind,
And if you applied politics in the lands
on any day, justice cannot turn aside from you.
One day, justice has no deviation from you
وَإذاand when جَنَبْتَyou led alongside الْمُقْرَبَاتِthe prized steeds إلَىtoward الْعِدَىthe enemies
وَإذا جَنَبْتَ الْمُقْرَبَاتِ إلَى الْعِدَى
سِيَّانِequal عِنْدَكَto you فَرْسَخٌa parasang أَوْor مِيلُa mile
سِيَّانِ عِنْدَكَ فَرْسَخٌ أَوْ مِيلُ
And when you lead the prized steeds toward the enemy,
And if you avoid favoritism and injustice
a parasang or a mile is all the same to you.
With you, a mile or a league are equal
وَلَوِand if اسْتَعَنْتَyou sought aid from الدَّهْرَTime وَاسْتَنْجَدْتَهُand you sought its help
وَلَوِ اسْتَعَنْتَ الدَّهْرَ وَاسْتَنْجَدْتَهُ
لَبَدَتْwould surely appear لأمْرِكَfor your command طَاعَةٌobedience وَقَبُولُand assent
لَبَدَتْ لأمْرِكَ طَاعَةٌ وَقَبُولُ
And were you to seek aid from Time and summon its help,
And if you sought help from fate and implored it
obedience and assent to your command would surely appear.
Obedience and acceptance of your command would appear
وَأَتَىand it would come وَمِنْand from قِطَعِpieces of الظَّلاَمِthe darkness مَوَاكِبٌprocessions
وَأَتَى وَمِنْ قِطَعِ الظَّلاَمِ مَوَاكِبٌ
وَمِنَand from الصَّبَاحِthe dawn أسِنَّةٌspearheads وَنُصُولُand blades
وَمِنَ الصَّبَاحِ أسِنَّةٌ وَنُصُولُ
And it would come with processions formed from shreds of darkness,
And squadrons came from the darkness of night
and, from the dawn, spearheads and blades.
And in the morning, spears and warriors
أزْمَعْتَyou resolved on فِيin the cause of اللهِGod الْجِهَادَwarfare وَطَالَمَاand how often
أزْمَعْتَ فِي اللهِ الْجِهَادَ وَطَالَمَا
أرْضَىpleased الإلاَهَGod جِهَادُكَyour warfare الْمَقْبُولُaccepted
أرْضَى الإلاَهَ جِهَادُكَ الْمَقْبُولُ
You resolved on warfare in God's cause, and how often
You intended jihad in God and often
your accepted warfare has pleased God.
Your acceptable jihad pleased the God
وَأَنِفْتَand you disdained للِدِّينِfor the faith الْحَنِيفِupright وَأَهْلِهِand its people
وَأَنِفْتَ للِدِّينِ الْحَنِيفِ وَأَهْلِهِ
مِنْat أَنْthat يَطِيحَshould go to waste نَجِيعُهُits shed blood الْمَطْلُولُunavenged
مِنْ أَنْ يَطِيحَ نَجِيعُهُ الْمَطْلُولُ
And for the upright faith and its people, you could not bear
And you disdained for the upright religion and its people
that its unavenged blood should go to waste.
That its entirety should suffer defeat
وَقَدَحْتَand you struck زَنْدَthe fire-stick of عَزِيمَةٍresolve نَصْرِيَّةٍNasrid
وَقَدَحْتَ زَنْدَ عَزِيمَةٍ نَصْرِيَّةٍ
تَرَكَتْit left دَيَارَthe abodes of الْكُفْرِunbelief وَهْيَwhile they were طُلُولُruins
تَرَكَتْ دَيَارَ الْكُفْرِ وَهْيَ طُلُولُ
And you struck the fire-stick of Nasrid resolve,
And you lit the spark of a victorious resolve
which left the abodes of unbelief in ruins.
Leaving the lands of disbelief while they are desolate
وَسَلَكْتَand you followed للِتَّقْوَىtoward piety سَبِيلاًa path سَنَّهَاhe laid it down
وَسَلَكْتَ للِتَّقْوَى سَبِيلاً سَنَّهَا
عَلَمُthe foremost of الْمُلُوكِkings أَبُوكَyour father إسْمَاعِيلَُIsmail
عَلَمُ الْمُلُوكِ أَبُوكَ إسْمَاعِيلَُ
And you followed a path toward piety, laid down
And you took the path of piety pioneered
by the foremost of kings, your father Ismail.
By the King of Kings, your father Ishmael
وَرَجَعْتَand you returned وَالنَّصْرُand victory الْعَزِيزُmighty مُصَاحِبٌaccompanying
وَرَجَعْتَ وَالنَّصْرُ الْعَزِيزُ مُصَاحِبٌ
لَكَfor you وَالْمَلاَئِكَةُand the angels الْكِرَامُnoble قَبِيلُa company
لَكَ وَالْمَلاَئِكَةُ الْكِرَامُ قَبِيلُ
And you returned with mighty victory accompanying
And you returned, and noble victory accompanied you
you, and the noble angels as your company.
And the noble angels were your tribe
فِيin عَسْكَرٍan army لَجِبٍclamorous كَأَنَّas though جُمُوعَهُits masses
فِي عَسْكَرٍ لَجِبٍ كَأَنَّ جُمُوعَهُ
فَوْقover الْوِهَادِthe lowlands إِذَاwhen زَحَفْنَthey advanced سُيُولُtorrents
فَوْق الْوِهَادِ إِذَا زَحَفْنَ سُيُولُ
In a clamorous army, as though its masses,
With an army so numerous, it's as if its groups
when advancing over the lowlands, were torrents.
Above the valleys, when marching, are floods
كَالْبَحْرِlike the sea إِلاَّexcept أَنَّهُنَّthat they are كَتَائِبٌbattalions
كَالْبَحْرِ إِلاَّ أَنَّهُنَّ كَتَائِبٌ
وَالرِّيحِand the wind إِلاَّexcept أَنَّهُنَّthat they are خُيُولُhorses
وَالرِّيحِ إِلاَّ أَنَّهُنَّ خُيُولُ
Like the sea, except that they were battalions;
Like the sea, except they are brigades
and like the wind, except that they were horses;
And the wind, except they are horses
والْبَرْقِand lightning إِلاَّexcept أَنَّهُنَّthat they are أَسِنَّةٌspearheads
والْبَرْقِ إِلاَّ أَنَّهُنَّ أَسِنَّةٌ
وَالرَّعْدِand thunder إِلاَّexcept أَنَّهُنَّthat they are طُبُولُdrums
وَالرَّعْدِ إِلاَّ أَنَّهُنَّ طُبُولُ
and like lightning, except that they were spearheads;
And lightning, except they are spears
and like thunder, except that they were drums.
And thunder, except they are drums
فَبِكُلِّso in every بَحْرٍsea رَايَةٌa banner مَنْشُورَةٌunfurled
فَبِكُلِّ بَحْرٍ رَايَةٌ مَنْشُورَةٌ
وَبِكُلِّand in every غَوْرٍhollow مقْنَبٌa cavalry troop وَرَعِيلُand a squadron
وَبِكُلِّ غَوْرٍ مقْنَبٌ وَرَعِيلُ
Thus in every sea a banner was unfurled,
In every sea, a banner is hoisted
and in every hollow, a cavalry band and a squadron.
And in every valley, a tribe and caravan
كَانَwas افْتتَاحُthe conquest of بَنِيBani (sons of) بَشِيرٍBashir مَبْدَأًa beginning
كَانَ افْتتَاحُ بَنِي بَشِيرٍ مَبْدَأً
سَبَبُthe thread of الْبِشَارَةِglad tidings بَعْدَهُafter it مَوْصُولُunbroken
سَبَبُ الْبِشَارَةِ بَعْدَهُ مَوْصُولُ
The conquest of Bani Bashir was a beginning;
The opening of the Bani Bishr was the beginning
the thread of glad tidings thereafter remained unbroken.
The cause of good tidings, thereafter, was continual
سُرَّتْshe was gladdened بِمَوْقِعِهِby its occurrence وَإِنَّهُand indeed it is
سُرَّتْ بِمَوْقِعِهِ وَإِنَّهُ
نَبَأٌnews عَلَىupon سَمْعِthe hearing of الْعَدُوِّthe enemy ثَقِيلُheavy
نَبَأٌ عَلَى سَمْعِ الْعَدُوِّ ثَقِيلُ
She was gladdened by its occurrence, though it is
It gladdened with its occurrence, and indeed
news heavy upon the enemy's ear.
It is news heavy on the enemy’s hearing
ثُمَّthen ارْتَقَيْتَyou ascended ثَنِيَّةَthe pass of الثَّغْرthe frontier الَّتِيwhich
ثُمَّ ارْتَقَيْتَ ثَنِيَّةَ الثَّغْر الَّتِي
هِيَit is للِضَّلاَلِfor error مُعَرَّسٌa night camp وَمَقِيلُand a noonday resting-place
هِيَ للِضَّلاَلِ مُعَرَّسٌ وَمَقِيلُ
Then you ascended the frontier pass that
Then you climbed the mountain pass which
is a night camp and noonday resting-place for error.
Is a dwelling for misguidance and its convergence
وَرَمَيْتَهَاand you assailed it بِعَزِيمَةٍwith resolve نَصْرِيَّةٍNasrid
وَرَمَيْتَهَا بِعَزِيمَةٍ نَصْرِيَّةٍ
كَادَتْalmost لَهَاbefore it شُمّlofty الْهِضَابِthe hills تَزُولُshift away
كَادَتْ لَهَا شُمّ الْهِضَابِ تَزُولُ
And you assailed it with Nasrid resolve,
And you threw it with a victorious resolve
before which the lofty hills nearly shifted from their place.
Almost making the peaks of the highlands collapse
خَوْدٌa maiden تَجَلَّتْshe revealed herself فِيon مِنَصَّةِthe bridal dais of شَاهِقٍa lofty peak
خَوْدٌ تَجَلَّتْ فِي مِنَصَّةِ شَاهِقٍ
مُخْتَالَةًstrutting proudly إِكْلِيلُهُاher crown الإكْلِيلُthe Crown
مُخْتَالَةً إِكْلِيلُهُا الإكْلِيلُ
A maiden revealed herself on the bridal dais of a lofty peak,
A citadel appeared on a lofty dais
strutting proudly, her crown the Crown itself.
Arrogantly adorned, its crown the crown
وَمَصَامِand a stronghold of عِزًّmight للنُّجُومِwith the stars مُزَاحِمٍjostling
وَمَصَامِ عِزًّ للنُّجُومِ مُزَاحِمٍ
مَاno لاِسْتِبَاحةِfor plundering مَاwhat حَوَاهُit contained it سَبِيلُway
مَا لاِسْتِبَاحةِ مَا حَوَاهُ سَبِيلُ
And a stronghold of might, jostling with the stars,
And a place of glory, challenging the stars
with no way to plunder what it holds.
To gain entry to what its path enclosed
سَامِيlofty in الذَّرَىthe summits مُتَمَنِّعٍunassailable أَرْكَانُهُits foundations
سَامِي الذَّرَى مُتَمَنِّعٍ أَرْكَانُهُ
يَرْتَدَّrecoils عَنْهُfrom it الطَّرْفُthe gaze وَهْوَwhile it is ذَلُولُsubdued
يَرْتَدَّ عَنْهُ الطَّرْفُ وَهْوَ ذَلُولُ
Lofty in its summits, its foundations unassailable,
Towering, its pillars unassailable
the gaze recoils from it, subdued.
The glance bounces back from it, abased
أَصْمَيْتَyou struck fatally ثُغْرَتَهَاits weak point بِسَهْمِwith an arrow of عَزِيمَةٍresolve
أَصْمَيْتَ ثُغْرَتَهَا بِسَهْمِ عَزِيمَةٍ
تَذَرُleaves الأبِيَّthe defiant one الصَّعْبَunyielding وَهْوَwhile he is ذَلُولُsubdued
تَذَرُ الأبِيَّ الصَّعْبَ وَهْوَ ذَلُولُ
You struck its weak point a mortal blow with an arrow of resolve,
You deafened its ear with the arrow of resolve
that leaves the defiant, unyielding one subdued.
Leaving the impregnable citadel abased
دَارَتْcirculated عَلَىamong مُتَدَبِّرِيهَاthose directing it قَهْوَةٌwine
دَارَتْ عَلَى مُتَدَبِّرِيهَا قَهْوَةٌ
لِلْحَتْفِof death مُترَعَةُfilled to the brim الْكُؤوسِthe cups شَمُولُwine
لِلْحَتْفِ مُترَعَةُ الْكُؤوسِ شَمُولُ
A wine circulated among those directing it,
The last cup of doom circulated upon its supervisors
a wine of death, with cups filled to the brim.
The inebriating cup overflowing with fullness
ثُمَّthen انْثَنَيْتَyou turned back وَبِالرِّمَاحِand in the spears تَقَصَّدٌsplintering
ثُمَّ انْثَنَيْتَ وَبِالرِّمَاحِ تَقَصَّدٌ
مِمَّاfrom what غَزَوْتَyou raided ولِلسَّيُوفِand in the swords فُلُولُnotches
مِمَّا غَزَوْتَ ولِلسَّيُوفِ فُلُولُ
Then you turned back, with the spears splintered
Then you turned back, the spears receiving
by your campaigning, and the swords left notched.
Spoils from what you raided, and the swords streaming
وَتَرَكْتَand you left سُحْبَclouds of النَّقْعِbattle-dust فِيin آفَاقِهَاits horizons
وَتَرَكْتَ سُحْبَ النَّقْعِ فِي آفَاقِهَا
تَسْمُوrise high وَأنْهَارُand rivers of السَّيُوفِswords تَسِيلُflow
تَسْمُو وَأنْهَارُ السَّيُوفِ تَسِيلُ
And you left clouds of battle-dust along its horizons
Leaving the clouds of plague in their horizons
rising high, while rivers of swords flowed.
Ascending, and the rivers of swords pouring
لاَdo not let يَغْرُرَنَّdeceive الرَّومَthe Rum فِيduring إِمْلاَئِهَاtheir respite
لاَ يَغْرُرَنَّ الرَّومَ فِي إِمْلاَئِهَا
قَدَرٌfate فأَيَّامُfor the days of الْحُرُوبِwar تَدُولُalternate
قَدَرٌ فأَيَّامُ الْحُرُوبِ تَدُولُ
Let the Rum not be deceived during their respite
Let not the Romans be fooled by their filling it
by fate, for the days of war alternate.
Destiny revolves, and the days of war alternate
وَالْعَزْمُand resolve وَارٍsparking فِيin الْحَفِيظَةِprotective zeal زَنْدُهُits fire-stick
وَالْعَزْمُ وَارٍ فِي الْحَفِيظَةِ زَنْدُهُ
وَالرَّأَيُand judgment مَشحُوذُwhetted الْغَرِارthe blade-edge صَقِيلُpolished
وَالرَّأَيُ مَشحُوذُ الْغَرِار صَقِيلُ
And resolve's fire-stick is kindled by protective zeal,
And the resolve is burning in its sheath, its blade
and judgment is whetted at the edge and polished.
Sharpened, polished, and bare
وَلَوand even if انَّهُمْthey مَلأَواfilled الْبَسِيطَةَthe earth كَثْرَةًin multitudes
وَلَو انَّهُمْ مَلأَوا الْبَسِيطَةَ كَثْرَةً
إِنَّindeed الْكَثِيرَthe many مَعَwith الضَّلاَلِerror قَلِيلُfew
إِنَّ الْكَثِيرَ مَعَ الضَّلاَلِ قَلِيلُ
And even if they filled the earth in multitudes,
And even if they filled the plain thickly
indeed, the many in error are few.
Indeed, the many with misguidance are few
وَإِذَاand when امْرُؤَa man جَعَلَmade الصَّلِيبَthe cross نَصِيرهُhis helper
وَإِذَا امْرُؤَ جَعَلَ الصَّلِيبَ نَصِيرهُ
دُونَinstead of الإِلاَهِGod فَإِنَّهُthen indeed he is مَخْذُولُforsaken
دُونَ الإِلاَهِ فَإِنَّهُ مَخْذُولُ
And when a man makes the cross his helper
And if one takes the cross as his ally
instead of God, he is surely forsaken.
Instead of God, then he is forsaken
مَنْwho مِثْلُlike يُوسُفَYusuf فِيamong الْمُلُوكِthe kings إِذَاwhen غَدَتْthey began
مَنْ مِثْلُ يُوسُفَ فِي الْمُلُوكِ إِذَا غَدَتْ
تُزْهَىboast بِفَضْلِof the merit of قَدِيمِهَاtheir past وَتَصُولُand display their might
تُزْهَى بِفَضْلِ قَدِيمِهَا وَتَصُولُ
Who among kings is like Yusuf when they begin
Who is like Joseph among kings when
to boast of the merit of their past and display their might?
Morning comes adorned with its ancient bounty?
طَلْقُcheerful الْمُحَياَّof face والْخُطُوبُand calamities عَوابِسٌscowling
طَلْقُ الْمُحَياَّ والْخُطُوبُ عَوابِسٌ
هَامِيpouring الأَنَامِلِthe fingertips وَالْغَمَامُand the clouds بَخِيلُmiserly
هَامِي الأَنَامِلِ وَالْغَمَامُ بَخِيلُ
Cheerful of face, while calamities scowl;
His face radiant and frown destitute
his fingertips rain bounty while the clouds are miserly.
Large-handed and the clouds being stingy
بَدْرٌa full moon وَلاَand no غَيْرَother than الْكَتِيبَةِthe battalion هَالَةٌhalo
بَدْرٌ وَلاَ غَيْرَ الْكَتِيبَةِ هَالَةٌ
لَيْثٌa lion وَلاَand no غَيْرَother than الأَسِنَّةِthe spearheads غيِلُthicket
لَيْثٌ وَلاَ غَيْرَ الأَسِنَّةِ غيِلُ
A full moon, with no halo but the battalion;
A full moon yet no halo except the troop
a lion, with no thicket but the spearheads.
A lion yet no mane except the spears
مِنْfrom أُسْرَةٍa family سَعْدِيةٍSa'di نَصْرِيَّةٍNasrid
مِنْ أُسْرَةٍ سَعْدِيةٍ نَصْرِيَّةٍ
أَثْنَىbestowed praise عَلَيْهَاupon it اللهُGod والتَّنْزِيلُand the Revelation
أَثْنَى عَلَيْهَا اللهُ والتَّنْزِيلُ
From a Sa'di, Nasrid family,
Of a happy, victorious family
God and the Revelation have praised it.
That God and the Revelation extolled
للهِto God مِنْof a فَتْحٍconquest جَلِيلٍmagnificent قَدْرُهُits worth
للهِ مِنْ فَتْحٍ جَلِيلٍ قَدْرُهُ
يَنْمِيهِnurtures it جَدٌgood fortune فِيamong الْمُلُوكِkings جَلِيلُillustrious
يَنْمِيهِ جَدٌ فِي الْمُلُوكِ جَلِيلُ
God be praised—what a conquest, magnificent in worth!
For God, from a great victory its extent
Nurtured by fortune illustrious among kings.
Grown by glorious ancestry among kings
دَيْنٌa debt عَلَىowed by الزَّمَنِTime ابْتَدَرْتَyou hastened قَضَاءَهُits repayment
دَيْنٌ عَلَى الزَّمَنِ ابْتَدَرْتَ قَضَاءَهُ
سَهْلُeasy الْمَرَامِto attain وَإِنَّهُalthough it is لَبَخِيلُindeed miserly
سَهْلُ الْمَرَامِ وَإِنَّهُ لَبَخِيلُ
A debt owed by Time, whose payment you hastened,
A debt on time you sought to repay
easy to attain, though Time is indeed miserly.
Easy to attain yet it was stingy
لَبِسَتْdonned بِكَthrough you الأيَّامُthe days زُخْرُفَthe finery of حُسْنِهَاtheir beauty
لَبِسَتْ بِكَ الأيَّامُ زُخْرُفَ حُسْنِهَا
وَزَهَاand shone عَلَىabove الأَجْيَالِthe generations هَذَاthis الْجِيلُgeneration
وَزَهَا عَلَى الأَجْيَالِ هَذَا الْجِيلُ
Through you the days have donned their beauty's finery,
The days dressed themselves in the adornment of beauty
and this generation has outshone all generations.
And it embellished upon generations this generation
فَاهْنَأَso rejoice بِمَوْصُولِin the continuity of الْفُتُوحِconquests فإِنَّمَاfor only
فَاهْنَأَ بِمَوْصُولِ الْفُتُوحِ فإِنَّمَا
هِيَthey are سُنَّةٌan established way مَاno إِنْat all لَهَاfor it تَبْدِيلُchange
هِيَ سُنَّةٌ مَا إِنْ لَهَا تَبْدِيلُ
So rejoice in uninterrupted conquests, for indeed
So congratulations on the attached victories, for they
they are simply an established way that admits no change.
Are a tradition that has no change