ألمvisited بناus يختالstrutting غيرnot ملومblamed
ألم بنا يختال غير ملوم
بقطعin a stretch منof الظلماءdarkest night طيفa phantom ظلومcruel
بقطع من الظلماء طيف ظلوم
He came to us, strutting, unrebuked—
The blameless passion overwhelmed me
a cruel phantom in a stretch of darkest night.
With an apparition of darkness looming
نزيفintoxicated هوىwith passion أهوىlowered بفيهhis mouth علىonto فميmy mouth
نزيف هوى أهوى بفيه على فمي
وأنهلنيand gave me drink منهfrom it بكاسwith a cup نديمof a drinking companion
وأنهلني منه بكاس نديم
Drunk with passion, he lowered his mouth to mine,
A bleeding love I craved, on my lips
and gave me a draught from it in a boon companion's cup.
He quenched me with a cup, a boon companion
ومالand leaned بعطفيagainst my two sides خوطa slender shoot بانof a bān-tree علىupon نقاa sand dune
ومال بعطفي خوط بان على نقا
وسالفتيand my neck's two sides ريمa white gazelle عليto me كريمgracious
وسالفتي ريم علي كريم
A bān-tree shoot upon a dune leaned against my sides,
He leaned towards me, lines apparent on his forehead
and a gazelle, gracious to me, against the sides of my neck.
My chatting friend, generous and kind
وألقىand cast علىupon وجهيmy face أراقمthe speckled serpents of جعدهhis curly hair
وألقى على وجهي أراقم جعده
وجاءand brought بسحرan enchantment للفؤادto the heart عظيمmighty
وجاء بسحر للفؤاد عظيم
He cast the speckled serpents of his curls across my face,
He cast on my face his curly locks
and brought a mighty enchantment to the heart.
Bringing magic to my heart, magnificent
فلولاand were it not for ارتشافيmy sipping عذبthe sweetness of درياقthe antidote of ثغرهhis mouth
فلولا ارتشافي عذب درياق ثغره
غدوتI would have become سليماًsnake-bitten منfrom عناقembracing سليمone unscathed
غدوت سليماً من عناق سليم
Had I not sipped the sweet antidote of his mouth,
Had I not sipped the sweet nectar of his mouth
I would have been snake-bitten by the embrace of one unscathed.
I would have stayed safe from passion’s embrace
ألاah أنعمhow delightful بهhe is دونwithout انتباهيmy awakening زائراًas a visitor
ألا أنعم به دون انتباهي زائراً
ظفرتI attained بهthrough him فيin ليلتيmy night بنعيمdelight
ظفرت به في ليلتي بنعيم
Ah, how delightful a visitor he was, without my waking!
Will he not visit me again unnoticed?
Through him that night I won delight.
I found him in my night, a blissful gift
أحبdearer إلىto الولهانthe love-distraught منthan أمنthe safety of خائفone afraid
أحب إلى الولهان من أمن خائف
وأحلىand sweeter منthan النعماءprosperity عندto عديمone destitute
وأحلى من النعماء عند عديم
Dearer to the love-distraught than safety to the fearful,
Dearer to the infatuated than secure peace
and sweeter than prosperity to the destitute.
And sweeter than joy for the deprived
يسرkeeps secret إليكto you السيرthe journey منfrom غيرwithout حاسدٍan envious watcher
يسر إليك السير من غير حاسدٍ
غيورjealous وذيand one bearing لومblame عليكagainst you لئيمbase
غيور وذي لوم عليك لئيم
He keeps his journey to you secret, with no envious,
May he come easily to you without envy
jealous watcher, nor a base reprover who blames you.
Or suspicious jealousy, or vile blaming
ومنand who ليfor me بهcan grant him لوif only عادhe returned أوor عادpaid a visit فيin الكرىsleep
ومن لي به لو عاد أو عاد في الكرى
ومنand who ليfor me بطرفcan grant an eye بعدafter ذاكthat نؤؤمgiven to sleep
ومن لي بطرف بعد ذاك نؤؤم
And who can grant me him—if only he returned, or visited in sleep?
And who would I have but him, if he returned
And who can give me an eye that sleeps after that?
Or returned again in cycles of time?
وماand why للياليdo the nights تقصرshorten الخطوtheir stride بعدهafter him
وما لليالي تقصر الخطو بعده
كأنيas though I قدhad قيدتهاfettered them بهموميwith my cares
كأني قد قيدتها بهمومي
Why do the nights shorten their stride after him,
After him, which eyelashes again lower their gaze
as though I had fettered them with my cares?
As if I had bound them with my worries?
تحجبhide عنيfrom me الصبحthe dawn فيهاwithin them كأنهas though it
تحجب عني الصبح فيها كأنه
سريرةa secret حبlove فيin فؤادa heart كتومthat keeps secrets
سريرة حب في فؤاد كتوم
They hide the dawn from me within them, as though it were
The dawn is veiled from me in those nights
a secret love in a heart that keeps its secrets.
Like a secret love in a concealed heart
وحفتand encircled سهامهاtheir arrows منfrom among بنياتthe little daughters of نعشهits bier
وحفت سهامها من بنيات نعشه
كواكبstars كالعوادlike visitors to the sick حولaround سقيمan invalid
كواكب كالعواد حول سقيم
Their arrows were ringed by the Little Daughters of the Bier—
They circled the pillars of his bier
stars like visitors around a sick man.
Like mourning stars around the sick
اراقبI watch فيهاduring them الفرقدينthe two Farqad stars بمقلةwith an eye
اراقب فيها الفرقدين بمقلة
مقرحةulcerated بالسيدby the wolf ذاتbearing كلومwounds
مقرحة بالسيد ذات كلوم
During them I watch the two Farqad stars, with an eye
I watched through those nights, sleepless
ulcerated by the wolf [wording uncertain], full of wounds.
With an eye sore from weeping and stars
واعجبand I marvel منat جمعa union لغيرnot for تفرقseparation
واعجب من جمع لغير تفرق
بقربin nearness to حبيبa beloved أوor بصدقin the sincerity of حميمa close friend
بقرب حبيب أو بصدق حميم
I marvel at a union not destined for separation,
Amazed that separation was joined
in a beloved's nearness or a close friend's sincerity.
By a beloved's nearness or intimacy true
وانيand indeed I لتعرونيam surely seized by اللجاجةobstinacy فيin الهوىlove
واني لتعروني اللجاجة في الهوى
كأنيas though I بداءof the sickness of الحبlove غيرnot عليمknowledgeable
كأني بداء الحب غير عليم
Yet obstinacy in love still seizes me,
Yet boldness strips me naked in this love
as though I knew nothing of love's sickness.
As if I'm ignorant of love's affliction
واثقلand the heaviest ماthing حملتهI have borne قلبa heart of راحلone departing
واثقل ما حملته قلب راحل
حليفallied to صباباتyearnings بحبwith a love مقيمabiding
حليف صبابات بحب مقيم
The heaviest burden I have borne is a departing heart,
The hardest thing my departing heart bore
allied to longings, with a love that stays.
Was a friend's morning farewells, love resident
اماis there not فيin اللياليthe nights عطفةa kindly turn تعكسthat reverses النوىseparation
اما في الليالي عطفة تعكس النوى
فتنظمناso it unites us والشملwhile the company غيرis not نظيمgathered together
فتنظمنا والشمل غير نظيم
Have the nights no kindly turn to reverse our separation,
While in the nights, a kind glance reflects purpose
and gather us together while our company lies scattered?
Joining us though never joined before
فحتامso until when اطوىmust I traverse البيدthe deserts والليلwhile night قسطلis a dust-cloud
فحتام اطوى البيد والليل قسطل
اسنتهits spearheads منmade of بارقlightning ونجومand stars
اسنته من بارق ونجوم
How long must I cross the deserts, while night is a dust-cloud,
So I fold the outstretched hand, the night now over
its spearheads made of lightning and stars?
The stars and lightning finished their task
يضلloses the way بداجيهin its darkness الغطاطthe sandgrouse عنaway from الهدىguidance
يضل بداجيه الغطاط عن الهدى
ويظلمand enters darkness فيin مسراهits night journey كلevery ظليمmale ostrich
ويظلم في مسراه كل ظليم
In its darkness the sandgrouse stray from their path,
The lost and straying grope without guidance
and every male ostrich enters darkness on its night journey.
And every misguided one stumbles in darkness
بهيمpitch-black كيومlike the day of البينparting لولاbut for وشاتهits telltales
بهيم كيوم البين لولا وشاته
وماand not كلevery ليلnight مثلهlike it ببهيمis pitch-black
وما كل ليل مثله ببهيم
Black as the day of parting, but for its telltales,
Bewildered on the night of separation
though not every night is as black as this.
Not every night is so confusing
تجهمscowled وجهthe face of السحبthe clouds وافترand smiled برقهits lightning
تجهم وجه السحب وافتر برقه
بهwithin it مثلماjust as يفترsmiles ثغرthe mouth of كظيمone suppressing sorrow
به مثلما يفتر ثغر كظيم
The clouds' face scowled, and its lightning smiled
The clouds' faces scowled, their lightning blinked
within it, like the mouth of one stifling sorrow.
As if jealous of my companion's lightning grin
كأنas though الحياthe rain منهfrom it اغارraided علىupon نديthe bounty of
كأن الحيا منه اغار على ندي
يدthe hand of الأمجدthe most glorious المولىthe patron الأغرthe radiant كريميmy generous benefactor
يد الأمجد المولى الأغر كريمي
It was as though its rain had plundered the bounty
As if the serpent envied my friend's hand
of the hand of my glorious, radiant lord, my benefactor.
The most glorious, generous, and kind
سليلheir to المعاليhigh honors الشامخاتtowering بعلمهthrough his learning
سليل المعالي الشامخات بعلمه
وافضلand the best ماmeans by which تعلوone ascends العلاthe heights بعلومthrough knowledge
وافضل ما تعلو العلا بعلوم
Heir to lofty eminence, towering through his learning,
Scion of lofty glories, his knowledge supreme
and the finest way to scale the heights is through knowledge.
Above all sublime, on sciences most high
ونجلand son of قديمone long-established in المجدglory غيرnot حديثهnew to it
ونجل قديم المجد غير حديثه
وليسand is not حديثa newcomer فيto العلاeminence كقديمlike one long established
وليس حديث في العلا كقديم
Son of one whose glory is ancient, not newly made,
Son of ancient glory, not just recent
and a newcomer to eminence is not like one long established.
And nothing recent in glory compares to old
واوحدand the peerless one of هذاthis الدهرage حكماin judgment وحكمةand wisdom
واوحد هذا الدهر حكما وحكمة
فداهmay they ransom him الورىall mankind منwhat a حاكمjudge وحكيمand sage
فداه الورى من حاكم وحكيم
This age's peerless master of judgment and wisdom—
Unique in wisdom and rule in this age
may all mankind ransom him: what a judge and sage!
The people ransomed from ruler and sage
بهthrough him بلغتreached شهباؤناour Shahbāʾ الشهبthe blazing stars رفعةin loftiness
به بلغت شهباؤنا الشهب رفعة
ممنعةfortified عنagainst ماردa rebellious devil ورجيمand an accursed one
ممنعة عن مارد ورجيم
Through him our Shahbāʾ has reached the blazing stars in height,
Our meteors attained the highest meteors
fortified against rebellious and accursed devils.
Safe from cursed devil's touch
ولاand no حارثcultivator كالعدلlike justice فيin كلevery بلدةtown
ولا حارث كالعدل في كل بلدة
وسالكand one following نهجa path لاnot يرامassailable قويمstraight
وسالك نهج لا يرام قويم
No cultivator is like justice in any town,
No just ruler in any land like justice
and he follows a straight, unassailable path.
Or one who walks a path balanced and right
فطوبىso blessedness لمنto whoever والىfaithfully follows أوامرthe commands of ربهhis Lord
فطوبى لمن والى أوامر ربه
ولمand did not يمسbecome فيin أحكامهhis judgments بظلومan oppressor
ولم يمس في أحكامه بظلوم
Blessed is he who faithfully follows his Lord's commands,
Happy is he who obeys his Lord's command
and is not unjust in his judgments.
Wronging none in his rulings
وبعداًand away with لمنwhoever لمdoes not يرعهheed Him فيregarding عبادهHis servants
وبعداً لمن لم يرعه في عباده
ولمand does not برجhope (probable reading) فيin العقبىthe hereafter ثوابthe reward of رحيمthe Merciful One
ولم برج في العقبى ثواب رحيم
Away with him who does not heed Him in dealing with His servants,
And shame on him who didn't heed his servants
and does not hope for the Merciful One's reward in the hereafter.
Expecting no reward from the Merciful
وهلand is there رادعa restraint للنفسfor the soul عنfrom سوءthe evil of فعلهاits conduct
وهل رادع للنفس عن سوء فعلها
إذاif أمنتit feels safe from جهلاًin ignorance عقابthe punishment of جحيمHell
إذا أمنت جهلاً عقاب جحيم
What restrains a soul from the evil of its deeds,
What deters the soul from evil deeds
if, in ignorance, it feels safe from Hell's punishment?
When ignorantly confident of no hellish punishment?
اقاضيناO our judge البرthe righteous الحليمthe forbearing وخيرand the best ماthing that
اقاضينا البر الحليم وخير ما
ارتقبتI hoped for حصولattaining الخيرgoodness عندwith حليمone forbearing
ارتقبت حصول الخير عند حليم
O our righteous, forbearing judge, the best thing
Our judge, gentle and good, the best
I have hoped for is kindness from a forbearing man.
Hope for good from one gentle and wise
واسرعand the swiftest منone who يدعىis summoned لكنفto shelter against ملمةa calamity
واسرع من يدعى لكنف ملمة
ورفعand lifting عذابsuffering عنfrom سواهothers besides him أليمpainful
ورفع عذاب عن سواه أليم
The swiftest of those summoned to shelter us from calamity,
Swift to shelter in the refuge of a protector
and to lift painful suffering from others;
Lifting suffering from others, painful
وافضلand the best منone whose تكسوclothe فضائلهhis virtues الورىmankind
وافضل من تكسو فضائله الورى
اديمa skin of بهاءsplendor فوقabove كلevery اديمskin
اديم بهاء فوق كل اديم
the best of those whose virtues clothe mankind
Superior in virtues cloaking the earth
in a skin of splendor above every other skin.
With splendor atop all finery
وماand have not زالتceased النعماءblessings تبقىto leave علىupon الفتىa man
وما زالت النعماء تبقى على الفتى
محاسنthe beauties of آثارtraces لهاof theirs ورسومand marks
محاسن آثار لها ورسوم
Blessings have never ceased to leave upon a man
And excellence stays with the youth
their beautiful traces and marks.
Vestiges of traits and symbols remained
إلامuntil when اغترابيmy exile واغتراميand my indebtedness فلمfor I have not أزلceased
إلام اغترابي واغترامي فلم أزل
غريبa stranger to زمانيmy age والزمانand time غريميmy creditor
غريب زماني والزمان غريمي
How long my exile and indebtedness? I have never ceased
Why do I feel estranged and passionate?
to be a stranger to my age, with time my creditor.
A stranger to my time which spurns me
أرددI turn over فكريmy thoughts فيover مطالبambitions جمةmany
أردد فكري في مطالب جمة
عقمنthey proved barren وهلand can برجيbe expected (probable reading) نتاجoffspring عقيمone barren
عقمن وهل برجي نتاج عقيم
I turn my thoughts over many ambitions
I ponder my quests, fruitless
that proved barren—can offspring be expected of the barren?
Barren, with no hoped-for yield
ومنand among شيميmy traits حبlove of المعاليthe heights وملتقىand meeting
ومن شيمي حب المعالي وملتقى
صدورthe points of العواليtall lances والمكارمand noble deeds خيميmy nature
صدور العوالي والمكارم خيمي
Among my traits are love of the heights, and meeting
My nature loves the lofty goals, meeting place
the points of tall lances; noble deeds are my nature.
Of noble spirits, abode of virtues high
وليسand does not بمجديavail المرءa man جدstriving علىtoward المنىwishes
وليس بمجدي المرء جد على المنى
إذاif كانhe is ذاa possessor of جدfortune عليهagainst him مشومill-omened
إذا كان ذا جد عليه مشوم
A man's striving for his wishes will not avail him,
A man's glory is not from wishes gained
if his fortune is ill-omened against him.
If he has wishes adverse to his fate
بلىyes, however انif يكنhe is منagainst دهرهhis time بكin you واثقاtrusting
بلى ان يكن من دهره بك واثقا
يفزhe will win بعميمan abundant share منof مناهhis desires جسيمvast
يفز بعميم من مناه جسيم
Yet if, against his time, he places trust in you,
Rather, if wary of his epoch's plots
he will win a vast, abundant share of his desires.
He seizes the greatness due from fate
فأنتfor you are نبيلnoble الأمنsafety فيin الدهرthis age والمنىand hopes
فأنت نبيل الأمن في الدهر والمنى
زعيمa guarantor لناfor us والغيرwhile others غيرare not زعيمa guarantor
زعيم لنا والغير غير زعيم
For you are our noble source of safety and hopes in this age,
You are the noble safe harbor of the age and fate
our guarantor, while others give no guarantee.
Our leader, others have no leader but you
وقدand indeed آنthe time has come انthat تمضيbe upheld عليهagainst it شكايتيmy complaint
وقد آن ان تمضي عليه شكايتي
لديكbefore you وانand that تثنيهyou curb it ثنيthe curbing of شكيمa bridle's bit
لديك وان تثنيه ثني شكيم
The time has come for my complaint against it to prevail
The time has come to lodge my complaint
before you, and for you to curb it as a bridle's bit curbs.
To you, and make you gently chide him
بقيتmay you endure بقاءas long as الحمدpraise فهوfor it is مخلدeverlasting
بقيت بقاء الحمد فهو مخلد
عليكupon you نضيرfresh in الشخصform غيرnot رميمdecayed
عليك نضير الشخص غير رميم
May you endure as praise endures, for it is everlasting
May your praise remain, it immortalizes
upon you, fresh in form, never decayed.
Matching your person, beyond decay
ودمتand may you last دوامas long as الفضلbounty منكfrom you فأنهfor it
ودمت دوام الفضل منك فأنه
يعمرlives عمرthe lifespan of الدهرtime غيرnot ذميمblameworthy
يعمر عمر الدهر غير ذميم
May you last as long as your bounty lasts, for it
May your bounty last, time without end
lives for time's whole lifespan, never censured.
For it adorns the age, not disgraced
وهاكand take this منof المدحpraise المنقحfinely polished روضةa garden
وهاك من المدح المنقح روضة
تحملfills with عطراًfragrance جيبthe bosom of كلevery نسيمbreeze
تحمل عطراً جيب كل نسيم
Take this garden of finely polished praise,
Bearing a fragrance each breeze carries
which fills the bosom of every breeze with fragrance.
Abu Tammam wished for its plants
يودwould covet ابوAbū تمامTammām نبتthe shoots of ثمامهاits thumām grass
يود ابو تمام نبت ثمامها
وتعيand confounds تميمياa Tamīmī وابنand Ibn تميمTamīm
وتعي تميميا وابن تميم
Abu Tammām would covet its thumām shoots,
And Tameemi would understand, son of Tameem
and it would confound a Tamīmī and Ibn Tamīm.
Partial English translation: 89 of 90 Arabic lines translated.