أكناسis it a covert ريمof a white gazelle أمor عرينthe lair of غضنفرa mighty lion
أكناس ريم أم عرين غضنفر
هذاthis اللوىal-Liwa وربيand the hills of الكثيبthe dune الأعفرtawny
هذا اللوى وربي الكثيب الأعفر
Haunts of a gazelle—or the lair of a lion?
Is it a white gazelle's covert, or a mighty lion's lair,
This is al-Liwā, by my Lord, and the dust-gray dune.
this al-Liwa and the hills of the tawny dune?
فقدfor indeed اغرنthey raided علىupon القلوبthe hearts ظباؤهits gazelles
فقد اغرن على القلوب ظباؤه
بظباwith sword-edges تقدthat cleave الهامheads قبلbefore المغفرthe mail coif
بظبا تقد الهام قبل المغفر
Its gazelles have surely raided hearts
For its gazelles have raided hearts
with blades that cleave heads before the helmet can protect.
with sword-edges that cleave heads before the mail coif.
مشهورةbared مشحوذهwhetted اجفانهاtheir eyelids
مشهورة مشحوذه اجفانها
اجفانthe eyelids of احوىdark-hued الطرفthe eye المىdusky-lipped احورwhite-bright, dark-pupilled
اجفان احوى الطرف المى احور
Their eyelids are unsheathed and honed—
Their eyelids are bared and whetted—
the eyelids of a dark-eyed, dark-lipped, tyrannous beauty.
the lids of one dark-eyed and dusky-lipped, with gleaming eye-whites.
انيindeed I لأعجبsurely marvel منat سلامةthe safety of ناظرa beholder
اني لأعجب من سلامة ناظر
منfrom سحرهنtheir magic وسالمand one unharmed لمhas not يسحرbeen bewitched
من سحرهن وسالم لم يسحر
I marvel that any beholder should come away safe
I truly marvel that a beholder should escape
from their sorcery—that one should remain safe and unbewitched.
their magic, and that anyone should remain unbewitched.
امضىsharper منthan القدرfate المتاحallotted لواحظاin glances
امضى من القدر المتاح لواحظا
فمتىso whenever طلبتyou sought قتالهاto fight them لمnot تقدرyou could
فمتى طلبت قتالها لم تقدر
Their glances are keener than inescapable fate;
Their glances are sharper than appointed fate;
whenever you seek to fight them, you have no power.
so whenever you seek to fight them, you cannot.
حتامuntil when جوركyour cruelty ظبيO gazelle of جيرانthe neighbors of اللوىal-Liwa
حتام جورك ظبي جيران اللوى
فأجرso shelter محبكyour lover منfrom صدودكyour rejection تؤجرyou will be rewarded
فأجر محبك من صدودك تؤجر
How long will your tyranny last, gazelle among al-Liwā’s neighbors?
How long your cruelty, gazelle of al-Liwa's neighbors?
Give your lover refuge from your rejection, and earn your reward.
So shelter your lover from your rejection, and you will be rewarded.
لمnot تدرyou knew أيwhat أبيproud man of قومa people قدتهyou led him
لم تدر أي أبي قوم قدته
قسراًby force وهضبand a crag of علاeminence وليثand a lion قسورmighty
قسراً وهضب علا وليث قسور
You did not know what proud chieftain of his people you drove
You knew not what proud man of his people you led
away by force—a lofty massif and a mighty lion.
by force—a crag of eminence and a mighty lion.
عذبتنيyou tormented me هجراًwith estrangement ولستand I am not بصابرpatient
عذبتني هجراً ولست بصابر
والهجرand estrangement يهلكdestroys كلeveryone منwho لمnot يصبرendures
والهجر يهلك كل من لم يصبر
You have tormented me with your abandonment, and I am not patient;
You tormented me with estrangement, and I cannot endure;
estrangement destroys everyone who is not gladdened.
and estrangement destroys all who fail to endure.
انindeed الشدائدhardships جمةmany واشدهاand the harshest of them
ان الشدائد جمة واشدها
حكمthe rule of الهوىpassion وعقابand the punishment of منone who لمnot يغفرforgives
حكم الهوى وعقاب من لم يغفر
Hardships are legion, and the hardest of them
Hardships are indeed many, and the harshest
is passion’s judgment and the punishment dealt by one who will not forgive.
are passion's sway and punishment from one who does not forgive.
أواهalas منfor ظمأthirst لنهلةfor a first draught واردone coming to water
أواه من ظمأ لنهلة وارد
صدرreturned from water الرعاءthe shepherds وثلتيand my flock لمnot تصدرreturned from water
صدر الرعاء وثلتي لم تصدر
Ah for a thirsty man who came seeking a single draught,
Alas for the thirst of one arriving for a first draught!
when the herdsmen had departed watered, while my thirsty company had not.
The shepherds have returned from water, but my flock has not.
ماليwhat have I وللأيامand with the days حظيmy lot عندهاwith them
مالي وللأيام حظي عندها
نصبtoil خصصتI was singled out بهwith it لنصبfor accusative marking المصدرof the verbal noun
نصب خصصت به لنصب المصدر
What have I to do with the Days? My share with them
What have I to do with the days? My lot with them
is naṣb—affliction—reserved for me, like the verbal noun’s accusative.
is toil, allotted to me like the accusative case to a verbal noun.
ابداًalways ترانيyou see me منجداًentering Najd أوor متهماentering Tihama
ابداً تراني منجداً أو متهما
لاno عيشliving بينbetween تصعدascent وتحدرand descent
لا عيش بين تصعد وتحدر
Forever you see me bound for Najd or descending into Tihāmah—
Always you see me bound for Najd or Tihama;
there is no life in ceaseless ascent and descent.
there is no ease of life amid ascent and descent.
اشكوI complain of الزمانTime وليسand none يقمعwards off ظلمهits oppression
اشكو الزمان وليس يقمع ظلمه
عنيfrom me سوىexcept اقضيthe most judicious of قضاةthe judges of العسكرthe army
عني سوى اقضي قضاة العسكر
I complain of Time, but it does not hear my grievance;
I complain of Time; none can ward off its oppression
none hears it from me save the army’s most decisive judge:
from me save the most judicious of the army's judges.
حبرlearned master of الأئمةthe imams بحرan ocean of علمknowledge إمامناour imam النعمانal-Nu'man
حبر الأئمة بحر علم إمامنا النعمان
لاnot النعمانal-Nu'man بنson of المنذرal-Mundhir
لا النعمان بن المنذر
the learned authority of the imams, an ocean in the learning of our Imam al-Nuʿmān—
The imams' great scholar, an ocean of knowledge, our imam al-Nu'man—
not al-Nuʿmān ibn al-Mundhir—
not al-Nu'man son of al-Mundhir.
اعنيI mean كمالKamal (perfection) الدينof religion والدنياand of worldly life الذيwhose
اعني كمال الدين والدنيا الذي
احصاءenumeration of فضلthe excellence of كمالهhis perfection لمhas not يحصرbeen bounded
احصاء فضل كماله لم يحصر
I mean Kamāl al-Dīn wa-l-Dunyā, whose
I mean Kamal al-Din wa-l-Dunya, whose
perfect merits no reckoning can encompass;
perfect excellence no reckoning can encompass.
منone who كملperfected اللَهGod العلاeminence بوجودهthrough his presence
من كمل اللَه العلا بوجوده
وبجودهand through his generosity جودthe bounty of السحابthe clouds الممطرrain-bearing
وبجوده جود السحاب الممطر
he through whose existence God perfected exalted glory,
One through whose presence God perfected eminence,
and through whose generosity the rain cloud pours.
and through whose generosity, the bounty of rain-bearing clouds.
قصرتfell short مساعيthe efforts of طالبيthose seeking ادراكهto reach him
قصرت مساعي طالبي ادراكه
فضلاin excellence وفضلand the excellence of السعيstriving ماthat which لمnot يقصرfalls short
فضلا وفضل السعي ما لم يقصر
The efforts of those who seek to comprehend him fall short—
The efforts of those seeking to reach him fell short
let alone his excellence; yet striving has merit if it does not flag.
in excellence; the best striving is that which does not falter.
والعجزand helplessness فيin طلبseeking المنيعthe inaccessible ومرتقىand ascending
والعجز في طلب المنيع ومرتقى
الصعبthe steep الرفيعthe lofty ونيلand attaining حظa share اوفرmore abundant
الصعب الرفيع ونيل حظ اوفر
To fail in seeking the unattainable, and to climb
And helplessness lies in seeking the inaccessible and scaling
the difficult, lofty height, may win a fuller share.
the steep and lofty, and attaining a richer share.
ومتىand whenever كتمتyou conceal محاسناًvirtues منfrom ذاتهhis person
ومتى كتمت محاسناً من ذاته
ظهرتthey appear ولاand not يخفىcan be hidden اريجthe fragrance of العنبرambergris
ظهرت ولا يخفى اريج العنبر
Whenever I conceal any excellence belonging to him,
And whenever you conceal some of his virtues,
it appears; ambergris cannot hide its fragrance.
they appear; ambergris's fragrance cannot be hidden.
مولىmaster of مواليthe masters of الدهرthe age كلeach منهمof them
مولى موالي الدهر كل منهم
مستغرقimmersed فيin علمهhis knowledge المتسغزرcopious
مستغرق في علمه المتسغزر
Lord of the masters of the age, every one of them
Master of the masters of the age, each of them
immersed in his copious, far-reaching knowledge.
immersed in his copious knowledge.
كالجمعlike a collective noun لفظa word مفردsingle لكنهyet it
كالجمع لفظ مفرد لكنه
قدindeed ضمhas embraced افرادthe individuals of العدادthe count الاكثرthe greatest
قد ضم افراد العداد الاكثر
Like a collective noun: singular in expression,
Like a collective noun: a single word, yet it
yet embracing the greater multitude of those counted.
has embraced the members of the greatest multitude.
ياO افضلbest of العلماءthe scholars بلrather ياO اعلمmost learned of
يا افضل العلماء بل يا اعلم
الفضلاءthe excellent منamong ماضthose past ومنand among متأخرthose later
الفضلاء من ماض ومن متأخر
O best of scholars—rather, O most learned
O best of scholars—rather, O most learned
of excellent men, whether past or late!
of the excellent, both earlier and later!
بهرdazzled الخليقةcreation فيكin you فضلexcellence بارعsurpassing
بهر الخليقة فيك فضل بارع
والفضلand excellence يبهرdazzles كلeveryone منwho لمhas not يبهرbeen dazzled
والفضل يبهر كل من لم يبهر
Creation stands astonished at your surpassing excellence,
A surpassing excellence in you has dazzled creation,
for excellence dazzles everyone not already dazzling.
and excellence dazzles even those never dazzled before.
وارتاحand he was eager للتأليفfor composition منكfrom you تشوقاin yearning
وارتاح للتأليف منك تشوقا
شوقthe yearning of الأصمthe deaf man لمسمعfor one who makes him hear ولمخبرand for one who informs him
شوق الأصم لمسمع ولمخبر
Authorship itself stirred with longing for you,
And each eagerly yearned for writings from you,
like a deaf man yearning for one who lets him hear and brings him news.
with a deaf man's yearning for one to make him hear and inform him.
فغدوتso you began تتحفهyou present him بكلwith every مجلدvolume
فغدوت تتحفه بكل مجلد
فردunique جمعتyou gathered بهin it علومthe sciences of الأعصرthe ages
فرد جمعت به علوم الأعصر
So you set about presenting it with every volume,
So you began presenting him with every volume,
each unique, yet gathering the learning of all the ages.
each unique, in which you gathered the learning of the ages.
نمقتهyou embellished it بفوائدwith useful insights وفرائدand rare gems
نمقته بفوائد وفرائد
اوقابلتor if they rivaled زهرthe bright stars of الدجىnight's darkness لمwould not تزهرshine
اوقابلت زهر الدجى لم تزهر
You adorned it with useful lessons and rare treasures,
You embellished it with useful insights and rare gems;
or, when they faced the blossoms of darkness, those did not bloom.
or, were they to rival the bright stars of night, those stars would not shine.
وجلوتand you unveiled فيهin it وجهthe face of كلevery غريبةrare wonder
وجلوت فيه وجه كل غريبة
حسناءbeautiful بكرvirgin حرةfreeborn لمhad not تسفرunveiled herself
حسناء بكر حرة لم تسفر
Within it you unveiled the face of every rarity—
And in it you unveiled the face of every rare wonder—
a beautiful, freeborn virgin who had never unveiled her face.
a beautiful virgin, freeborn, never before unveiled.
جعلwas made القضاءthe judgeship علىover العسكرthe army مهرهاher dowry
جعل القضاء على العسكر مهرها
والبكرand a virgin لمتnot (misdivided text) حللbecome lawful إذاif لمnot تمهرbe given a dowry
والبكر لمت حلل إذا لم تمهر
You made the judgeship of the army her dowry;
Judgeship over the army was made her dowry;
a virgin is not made lawful until she is endowed.
and a virgin is not lawfully wed if no dowry is given.
فلوso if انthat افلاكthe spheres of السماءheaven صحائفpages
فلو ان افلاك السماء صحائف
ومدادهنand their ink مديدthe vast expanse of ماءthe waters of الأبحرthe seas
ومدادهن مديد ماء الأبحر
Were the spheres of heaven sheets of parchment,
So if the spheres of heaven were pages,
and their ink the outstretched waters of the seas,
and their ink the far-stretching waters of the seas,
والكاتبونand the writers بلاغةin eloquence وبراعةand artistry
والكاتبون بلاغة وبراعة
فيthroughout الدهرtime كلevery محررskilled writer ومحبرand elegant stylist
في الدهر كل محرر ومحبر
and were the writers masters of eloquence and invention—
and the writers, in eloquence and artistry,
every accomplished author and stylist throughout all time—
every scribe and stylist throughout time,
ماnot استوعبواthey encompassed اوصافthe qualities of استيعابكyour comprehensive mastery
ما استوعبوا اوصاف استيعابك
المتصدرthe foremost الأعلىthe highest علىabove المتصدرthe foremost
المتصدر الأعلى على المتصدر
they still could not encompass the qualities of your comprehensive mastery,
they could not encompass the qualities of your comprehensive mastery,
you who sit highest above every presiding man.
foremost, supreme above all who hold the foremost place.
قامتsubsist بكthrough you الفضلاءthe excellent فهيso they are كأنهاas though they
قامت بك الفضلاء فهي كأنها
عرضan accident (dependent attribute) وذاتكand your essence فيهمamong them كالجوهرlike substance
عرض وذاتك فيهم كالجوهر
Through you the excellent stand upright; it is as though they
The excellent subsist through you, as though they were
were accidents, while your essence among them were substance.
an accident, while your essence among them is like substance.
فاعطفso turn kindly بنظرةwith a glance of جابرJabir (mender) اكسيرهhis elixir
فاعطف بنظرة جابر اكسيره
يغنىenriches كسيرone broken by مطالبaspirations لمnot تجبرmended
يغنى كسير مطالب لم تجبر
Favor us with an alchemist’s glance whose elixir mends the broken,
So turn kindly with the gaze of Jabir, whose elixir
and enriches a broken petitioner whose requests remain unmended.
enriches one broken by wishes left unfulfilled.
نهضتrose إلىto العلياءthe heights قومmen دونهbeneath him
نهضت إلى العلياء قوم دونه
وأخوand the dweller in الحضيضthe depths محلهhis station لمnot يشهرmade renowned
وأخو الحضيض محله لم يشهر
Men below him have risen toward the heights,
Men beneath him have risen to the heights,
while the denizen of the depths remains obscure in his low station.
while the dweller in the depths has a station still unrenowned.
والدرand pearls دونless than الذرtiny ants عندكin your view قيمةin value
والدر دون الذر عندك قيمة
فيin مستقرthe resting depths of البحرthe sea ماso long as لمnot يظهرappear
في مستقر البحر ما لم يظهر
Beside you, even a pearl is worth less than a mote
And pearls are worth less than tiny ants to you,
while it lies at the bottom of the sea, unseen.
in the sea's depths, so long as they remain unseen.
فلطالماfor so often نوهتyou acclaimed باسمthe name of خاملan obscure man
فلطالما نوهت باسم خامل
ذكراin renown وخاملناand our obscure one الذيwho لمnot يذكرmentioned
ذكرا وخاملنا الذي لم يذكر
How often have you raised an obscure man’s name to renown,
For you have so often raised an obscure name
yet our own obscure one remains unmentioned.
to renown; and our obscure one is he who remains unmentioned.
ولأنتand you indeed بالمعروفwhat is right تأمرenjoin مثلماjust as
ولأنت بالمعروف تأمر مثلما
تنهيyou forbid عنfrom الفحشاءindecency ثمthen المنكرwrongdoing
تنهي عن الفحشاء ثم المنكر
You command what is right, just as
And you indeed enjoin what is right, just as
you forbid indecency and then wrongdoing.
you forbid indecency, then wrongdoing.
منbounty بلاwithout منreminders of favors وبرand kindness منfrom يديthe two hands of
من بلا من وبر من يدي
برa benevolent man ويسرand generous مطلقunfettered لمnot يؤسرtaken captive
بر ويسر مطلق لم يؤسر
Show favor without reproach for the favor; be bountiful—from two hands
Bounty without reminders of favors, and kindness from the hands
of bounty—and ease a request not yet made easy.
of a benevolent and generous man, unfettered, never taken captive.
متواضعhumble للهbefore God عزhe attained honor ولنand never will ترىyou see
متواضع لله عز ولن ترى
متكبراarrogant إلاexcept علىtoward المتكبرthe arrogant
متكبرا إلا على المتكبر
Humble before God Almighty, you will never be seen
Humble before God, he is exalted; you will never see him
arrogant except toward the arrogant.
arrogant except toward the arrogant.
وإليكand to you بنتthe daughter of قريحةa poetic gift مكدودةexhausted
وإليك بنت قريحة مكدودة
منfrom شاعرa poet امسىhas become كأنas though لمnot يشعرmade verse
من شاعر امسى كأن لم يشعر
And to you comes the daughter of a toil-worn poetic faculty,
And to you comes the daughter of an exhausted poetic gift,
from a poet now as though he had never composed poetry—
from a poet who has become as though he never made verse.
اعشىdim-sighted النواظرin the eyes والبصيرand the clear-sighted إذاwhen دجىdarkness fell
اعشى النواظر والبصير إذا دجى
خطبa calamity عليهupon him فطرفهso his eye لمnot يبصرsee
خطب عليه فطرفه لم يبصر
dim-sighted in eye and insight when there darkened
Dim of sight; even the clear-sighted, when darkness falls
a calamity over him, so his eye no longer sees.
upon him through calamity, finds that his eye cannot see.
قلتit was slight لديكbefore you بنظمهاin its verse ولوeven if انهاit indeed
قلت لديك بنظمها ولو انها
كثرتit was plentiful علىto النظامthe versifiers بعدby a count كثيرlarge
كثرت على النظام بعد كثير
I said: Here she is before you, strung into verse, although
Its verse is scant before you, even if
after so much, she has grown too copious for the string.
the versifiers count its lines as very many.
وكفاكand enough for you فخراas pride انthat شعرىmy poetry دائماalways
وكفاك فخرا ان شعرى دائما
بسويin anything but مديحكpraising you فيamong الورىmankind لمnot يفخرgloried
بسوي مديحك في الورى لم يفخر
It is pride enough for you that my poetry has never
And it is pride enough for you that my verse has always
boasted among mankind except through praising you.
gloried among mankind in no praise but yours.