أَيُّهاO الظُلمُoppression وَالخَناand obscenity وَالغُرورُand arrogance
أَيُّها الظُلمُ وَالخَنا وَالغُرورُ
ياO خَداعاًdeceit تَعفُّrefrain عَنهُfrom it الشُرورُevils
يا خَداعاً تَعفُّ عَنهُ الشُرورُ
O tyranny, depravity, and arrogance!
O oppression, obscenity, and arrogance,
O deception from which even wickedness recoils!
O deceit that even evils shun,
ياO كُنوداًingratitude وَياand O محاباةَfavoritism قَوميmy people
يا كُنوداً وَيا محاباةَ قَومي
ياO صُدوراًbreasts يَدُبُّcreeps فيهاwithin them النُفورُaversion
يا صُدوراً يَدُبُّ فيها النُفورُ
O ingratitude, O favoritism among my people!
O ingratitude, and O my people's favoritism,
O hearts wherein aversion creeps!
O breasts in which aversion creeps,
ياO خِصاماًstrife ياO مُنكراتَoutrages بِلاديmy country
يا خِصاماً يا مُنكراتَ بِلادي
ياO رِياءًhypocrisy ياO حِطَّةًbaseness ياO فُجورُdepravity
يا رِياءً يا حِطَّةً يا فُجورُ
O strife, O abominations of my country!
O strife, O my country's outrages,
O hypocrisy, O baseness, O debauchery!
O hypocrisy, O baseness, O depravity,
إِقرِبيcome near ماas far as اِستَطَعتِyou can منto كُبِرgreatness نَفسيmy soul
إِقرِبي ما اِستَطَعتِ من كُبِر نَفسي
أَناI صدريmy breast رحبٌspacious وَقَلبيand my heart كَبيرُgreat
أَنا صدري رحبٌ وَقَلبي كَبيرُ
Come as close as you can to my soul’s grandeur;
Come as close as you can to my soul's greatness.
my breast is spacious, and my heart is great.
I have a spacious breast and a great heart.
ليَI have نَفسٌa soul كَالبَحرِlike the sea ذاتpossessing اِتِّساعٍvastness
ليَ نَفسٌ كَالبَحرِ ذات اِتِّساعٍ
فَلُبابٌso kernels يُلقىare cast بِهاinto it وَقشورُand husks
فَلُبابٌ يُلقى بِها وَقشورُ
I have a soul like the sea, vast enough
I have a soul as spacious as the sea;
that both pure essence and husks are cast into it.
So kernels and husks are cast into it.
تَبصقُspits out الرجسfilth عَنout of عفافchastity وَطُهرand purity
تَبصقُ الرجس عَن عفاف وَطُهر
وَاللآليand pearls تَبقىremain بِهاwithin it فَتَغورُthen sink deep
وَاللآلي تَبقى بِها فَتَغورُ
It spits out filth through chastity and purity,
It spits out filth in chastity and purity,
while pearls remain within it and sink deep.
And pearls remain within it, then sink deep.
لاdo not يغرَّنكَlet it deceive you أَنَّنيthat I am مُستَكنٌlying quiet
لا يغرَّنكَ أَنَّني مُستَكنٌ
فَإِلىfor, toward ثَورَةٍrevolt سُكوتيmy silence يُشيرُpoints
فَإِلى ثَورَةٍ سُكوتي يُشيرُ
Do not let my stillness deceive you:
Do not be deceived by my lying quiet;
my silence points toward a revolution.
For my silence points to revolt.
وَاِستَريبيand be suspicious إِذاwhen سَمِعتِyou hear زَفيريmy sigh
وَاِستَريبي إِذا سَمِعتِ زَفيري
إِنَّindeed فيin صَدريَmy breast الزَفيرَthe sigh زَئيرُa roar
إِنَّ في صَدريَ الزَفيرَ زَئيرُ
Be wary when you hear my sigh,
And be suspicious when you hear my sigh:
for the sigh within my breast is a roar.
Indeed, within my breast, the sigh is a roar.
إِقرَبيcome near إِقرَبيcome near فَآلامُfor the pains نَفسيof my soul
إِقرَبي إِقرَبي فَآلامُ نَفسي
جمرَةٌan ember يستَطيرُflares up مِنهاfrom it السَعيرُthe blaze
جمرَةٌ يستَطيرُ مِنها السَعيرُ
Come closer, closer—for the pains of my soul
Come near, come near, for my soul's pains
are an ember from which the blaze leaps up;
Are an ember from which the blaze flares up.
جَمرَةٌan ember فيin بُركانِهاits volcano تَتَلَظّىblazes
جَمرَةٌ في بُركانِها تَتَلَظّى
شاخِصاتٌgazing fixedly إِلىat لَظاهاits flame الدهورُthe ages
شاخِصاتٌ إِلى لَظاها الدهورُ
an ember in its volcano, fiercely burning,
An ember blazing in its volcano,
while the ages stare toward its flames.
While the ages gaze fixedly at its flame.
ياO بِلاديmy country كَفاكِenough for you هزءاًmockery بِنَفسيof my soul
يا بِلادي كَفاكِ هزءاً بِنَفسي
إِنَّindeed نَفسيmy soul حسامُكِyour sword المَطرورُsharpened
إِنَّ نَفسي حسامُكِ المَطرورُ
My country, enough of mocking my soul!
O my country, enough of mocking my soul;
My soul is your sharpened sword.
My soul is indeed your sharpened sword.
لاdo not تَقوليsay قَدhave أَحرَقَتهاburned it البَلاياcalamities
لا تَقولي قَد أَحرَقَتها البَلايا
كلُّevery نَفسٍsoul لَمhas not تَحتَرِقburned لاdoes not تُنيرُshine
كلُّ نَفسٍ لَم تَحتَرِق لا تُنيرُ
Do not say that afflictions have burned it—
Do not say calamities have burned it:
every soul that has not burned gives no light.
No soul that has not burned gives light.
أُترُكينيlet me أُنشدsing أَغانِيَsongs حُبّيof my love
أُترُكيني أُنشد أَغانِيَ حُبّي
أَناI بِالحُبِّof love وَالأَغانيand songs فَخورُproud
أَنا بِالحُبِّ وَالأَغاني فَخورُ
Leave me to sing the songs of my love;
Let me sing the songs of my love;
I take pride in love and song.
I take pride in love and songs.
إِنَّindeed شعريmy poetry أَبقىmore enduring منthan التاجِthe crown عمراًin lifespan
إِنَّ شعري أَبقى من التاجِ عمراً
ذلِكَthat التاجcrown لِلزَوالِto dissolution يَصيرُcomes
ذلِكَ التاج لِلزَوالِ يَصيرُ
My poetry will outlive the crown,
Indeed, my poetry is longer-lived than the crown;
for that crown is destined to vanish.
That crown is destined to vanish.
كَمhow many أَميرٍa prince وَكَمand how many مَليكٍa king تَوارىhas vanished
كَم أَميرٍ وَكَم مَليكٍ تَوارى
وَطَوَتهand enfolded him دُجنَّةٌdarkness وَقبورُand graves
وَطَوَته دُجنَّةٌ وَقبورُ
How many princes and kings have disappeared,
How many a prince, how many a king, has vanished,
enfolded by darkness and graves!
And darkness and graves have enfolded him!
وَالمَعَرّيand al-Ma'arri الضَريرthe blind ماnot زالَceased to be حَيّاًalive
وَالمَعَرّي الضَرير ما زالَ حَيّاً
وَفَقيراًand poor كانَwas المَعرّيal-Ma'arri الضَريرُthe blind
وَفَقيراً كانَ المَعرّي الضَريرُ
Yet the blind al-Maʿarri remains alive,
And blind al-Ma'arri is still alive,
though poor indeed was the blind al-Maʿarri.
And blind al-Ma'arri was poor.
ياO نفوساًsouls تَطَوَّرَhas developed البَأسُvalor فيهاwithin them
يا نفوساً تَطَوَّرَ البَأسُ فيها
أَينَwhere يَأوىtakes shelter حُسامُكِyour sword المَشهورُunsheathed
أَينَ يَأوى حُسامُكِ المَشهورُ
O souls in which valor has grown,
O souls in whom valor has grown,
where does your renowned sword now shelter?
Where does your unsheathed sword take shelter?
لَيسَnot يُجديavails حِلمٌforbearance وَلاnor اللينُgentleness يُجديavails
لَيسَ يُجدي حِلمٌ وَلا اللينُ يُجدي
لِنُفوسٍfor souls شعارُهاtheir watchword التَدميرُdestruction
لِنُفوسٍ شعارُها التَدميرُ
Neither forbearance nor gentleness avails
Forbearance is of no avail, nor is gentleness,
against souls whose watchword is destruction.
To souls whose watchword is destruction.
خُلقَwas created المجدُglory لِلقَديرِfor the able فَجدّواso strive
خُلقَ المجدُ لِلقَديرِ فَجدّوا
لاnot ينالُattains الرقيَّadvancement إِلّاexcept القَديرُthe able
لا ينالُ الرقيَّ إِلّا القَديرُ
Glory was created for the capable—so strive!
Glory was made for the able, so strive;
Only the capable attain advancement.
Only the able attain advancement.
وَرِدواand seek العِلمَknowledge إِنَّindeed العِلمِknowledge نوراًlight
وَرِدوا العِلمَ إِنَّ العِلمِ نوراً
وَاِنفُضواand shake off الجَهلَignorance لَيسَthere is not فيin الجَهلِignorance نورُlight
وَاِنفُضوا الجَهلَ لَيسَ في الجَهلِ نورُ
Come drink of knowledge: knowledge is light;
And seek knowledge, for knowledge is light;
shake off ignorance—there is no light in ignorance.
And shake off ignorance; in ignorance there is no light.
هذهِthis التُربَةُsoil الَّتيthat أَنشَأَتكُمbrought you into being
هذهِ التُربَةُ الَّتي أَنشَأَتكُم
عاثَwreaked havoc فيهاin it مسوَّدٌa chieftain مَأجورُhired
عاثَ فيها مسوَّدٌ مَأجورُ
This soil that brought you into being
This soil that brought you into being—
has been ravaged by a hireling lord.
A hireling chieftain has wreaked havoc in it.
فَاِنفُضوهاso shake it out فَفيfor in ثُراهاits earth نُضارٌgold
فَاِنفُضوها فَفي ثُراها نُضارٌ
وَغِناكُمand your wealth نُضارُهاits gold المَذخورُstored away
وَغِناكُم نُضارُها المَذخورُ
Shake it free, for gold lies in its earth,
So shake it out, for gold lies in its earth;
and your wealth is its hoarded gold.
And your wealth is its stored gold.
ماwhat نُجيبُshall we answer الأَبناءَthe children إِنif سَأَلوناthey ask us
ما نُجيبُ الأَبناءَ إِن سَأَلونا
أَيَّwhat أَرضٍland أَنَرتُمُdid you illuminate ياO بُدورُfull moons
أَيَّ أَرضٍ أَنَرتُمُ يا بُدورُ
What shall we answer our children if they ask us:
What shall we answer our children if they ask us:
What land did you illumine, O full moons?
What land did you illuminate, O full moons?
أَيَّwhat عارٍdisgrace خَلَّفتُمُdid you leave لِفِراخٍfor fledglings
أَيَّ عارٍ خَلَّفتُمُ لِفِراخٍ
رغبtook an interest الذلُّabasement فيهِمin them ياO نسورُeagles
رغب الذلُّ فيهِم يا نسورُ
What shame have you left to fledglings
What disgrace have you left to fledglings
whom abasement covets, O eagles?
Whom abasement covets, O eagles?
أَنُطيقُcan we bear الحياshame وَنَحنwhile we are شُيوخٌelders
أَنُطيقُ الحيا وَنَحن شُيوخٌ
شَرفٌhonor فيin صُدورِناour breasts وَشعورُand feeling
شَرفٌ في صُدورِنا وَشعورُ
Can we endure life while we are old men
Can we bear shame while we are elders,
with honor and feeling still in our breasts—
With honor and feeling in our breasts?
عُجَّزٌhelpless لاno نَصيرَdefender يَدفَعُwards off عَنّاfrom us
عُجَّزٌ لا نَصيرَ يَدفَعُ عَنّا
ماwhat نُقاسيwe suffer ماthere is no لِلذُنوبِfor sins نَصيرُdefender
ما نُقاسي ما لِلذُنوبِ نَصيرُ
helpless, with no champion to ward away
Helpless, with no defender to ward off
what we suffer? What champion have sins?
What we suffer—sins have no defender.
اَيُّهاO الفَجرdawn ياO سِراجَlamp البَراياall creatures
اَيُّها الفَجر يا سِراجَ البَرايا
عَجَباًhow strange مِنكَof you كلَّevery يَومٍday تَزورُyou visit
عَجَباً مِنكَ كلَّ يَومٍ تَزورُ
O dawn, lamp of all creation,
O dawn, O lamp of all creatures,
how strange that you visit every day!
How strange you are, visiting every day!
كَيفَhow لمhave not تَسأمِyou tired of الوجودَthe world المحابيpartial
كَيفَ لم تَسأمِ الوجودَ المحابي
أَتُرىI wonder أَنتَyou مِثلَهُlike it شَرّيرُwicked
أَتُرى أَنتَ مِثلَهُ شَرّيرُ
How have you not wearied of this partial world?
How have you not tired of this partial world?
Or are you, like it, wicked too?
Are you, I wonder, wicked like it?
أَيَّwhat يَومٍday زُيوتُoils نورِكof your light تَخبوgrow dim
أَيَّ يَومٍ زُيوتُ نورِك تَخبو
وَعَلىand against سُنَّةِthe law الضِياءِof radiance تَثورُyou rebel
وَعَلى سُنَّةِ الضِياءِ تَثورُ
On what day will the oils of your light gutter out,
On what day will the oils of your light grow dim,
and you rebel against the ordained course of radiance,
And you rebel against the law of radiance,
وَتَزجُّand you thrust الوجودَthe world فيinto ظُلُماتٍdarkness
وَتَزجُّ الوجودَ في ظُلُماتٍ
مُستَبَدٌّholding tyrannical sway فيin بُردِهاits mantle الديجورُpitch-black night
مُستَبَدٌّ في بُردِها الديجورُ
casting existence into darknesses
And thrust the world into darkness,
where pitch-black night rules, tyrant in its cloak?
In whose mantle pitch-black night holds sway?
إِنَّindeed هذاthis الوُجودَworld أَمسىhas become مُسِنّاًaged
إِنَّ هذا الوُجودَ أَمسى مُسِنّاً
وَشَقِيّاًand wretched أَمسىhas become الوُجودُthe world الخَطيرُgreat
وَشَقِيّاً أَمسى الوُجودُ الخَطيرُ
This existence has grown old,
Indeed, this world has grown old,
and perilous existence has grown wretched.
And this great world has become wretched.
رثَّgrew threadbare فيهِin it خُلقcharacter الرجالof men وَرَثَّتand grew threadbare
رثَّ فيهِ خُلق الرجال وَرَثَّت
نَزَواتُimpulses العُلىtoward glory وَرَثَّand grew threadbare الضَميرُconscience
نَزَواتُ العُلى وَرَثَّ الضَميرُ
Within it, the character of men has worn threadbare;
Men's character has grown threadbare in it, and so have
lofty impulses and conscience have worn threadbare.
The impulses toward glory; conscience too is threadbare.
لَيسَthere is not فيهِin it إِلّاexcept خداعٌdeceit وَزورٌand falsehood
لَيسَ فيهِ إِلّا خداعٌ وَزورٌ
وَبليّاتِهِand its calamities خداعٌdeceit وَزورُand falsehood
وَبليّاتِهِ خداعٌ وَزورُ
Nothing remains in it but deception and falsehood,
There is nothing in it but deceit and falsehood,
and its afflictions too are deception and falsehood.
And its calamities are deceit and falsehood.
خَلفَsucceeded التيسُthe billy goat فيin ليثاًa lion هَصوراًfierce
خَلفَ التيسُ في ليثاً هَصوراً
وَيحَwoe to تيسٍa billy goat يُنامُis lulled to sleep عَنهُheedless of him الهصورُthe fierce lion
وَيحَ تيسٍ يُنامُ عَنهُ الهصورُ
The billy goat has succeeded a mighty lion—
The billy goat has supplanted a fierce lion;
woe to a goat through whose reign the lion sleeps!
Woe to a billy goat whom the fierce lion is lulled into ignoring!
عَبثاًin vain نرتَجيwe hope for الصِيانَةَpreservation ماso long as لَمnot
عَبثاً نرتَجي الصِيانَةَ ما لَم
تَتَمَزَّقare torn apart عَنfrom الرِياءِhypocrisy الستورُthe veils
تَتَمَزَّق عَن الرِياءِ الستورُ
In vain do we hope for integrity unless
In vain do we hope for preservation unless
the veils are torn away from hypocrisy.
The veils are torn away from hypocrisy.
قَدindeed أَقَمناwe have dwelt عَلىin الجَهالَةignorance عَهداًfor an age
قَد أَقَمنا عَلى الجَهالَة عَهداً
وَعلىand in الجَهلِignorance لاdoes not يُقيمُdwell البَصيرُthe clear-sighted
وَعلى الجَهلِ لا يُقيمُ البَصيرُ
We have long abided by ignorance,
We have dwelt in ignorance for an age;
but the clear-sighted cannot abide by ignorance.
And the clear-sighted do not dwell in ignorance.
أَوَلَسناand are we not وَرّاثَheirs أَقدَمthe most ancient مجدٍglory
أَوَلَسنا وَرّاثَ أَقدَم مجدٍ
فيin يَديناour hands صَليلُهُits clang وَالصَريرُand creaking
في يَدينا صَليلُهُ وَالصَريرُ
Are we not heirs to the most ancient glory,
And are we not heirs to the most ancient glory,
its clash and ringing still within our hands?
Whose clang and creak are in our hands?
أَوَلَسناand are we not وَرّاثَheirs شَعبٍa people أُنيرَتwere illuminated
أَوَلَسنا وَرّاثَ شَعبٍ أُنيرَت
بِتَعاليمُهby its teachings الهداةِguiding العصورُthe ages
بِتَعاليمُه الهداةِ العصورُ
Are we not heirs to a people by whose teachings
And are we not heirs to a people whose
the guides illuminated the ages?
Guiding teachings illuminated the ages?
عَبدواthey worshipped الفَنَّart نَيِّراًradiant وَعَبَدناand we worshipped
عَبدوا الفَنَّ نَيِّراً وَعَبَدنا
تَرَّهاتٍtrifles شِعارُهاtheir watchword التَبذيرُsquandering
تَرَّهاتٍ شِعارُها التَبذيرُ
They worshiped art in all its radiance; we worship
They worshipped radiant art, and we worshipped
absurdities whose emblem is wastefulness.
Trifles whose watchword is squandering.
ماnot تَبَقّىremains لَناfor us مِنof الفَنِّart إِلّاexcept
ما تَبَقّى لَنا مِن الفَنِّ إِلّا
ذِكرَياتٌmemories هِيَthat are النِزاعُthe struggle الأَخيرُfinal
ذِكرَياتٌ هِيَ النِزاعُ الأَخيرُ
Nothing of art remains to us but
Nothing of art remains to us except
memories—the final struggle.
Memories that are the final struggle.
أُمَّةًa nation كانَتِwas البِلادُthe country فَأَمسَتthen became
أُمَّةً كانَتِ البِلادُ فَأَمسَت
أُمَّةًa nation ماnot دَرَتknew بِمَنwith whom تَستَجيرُit seeks refuge
أُمَّةً ما دَرَت بِمَن تَستَجيرُ
The land was once a nation, but has become
The country was a nation, and has become
a nation that knows not with whom to seek refuge.
A nation that knows not with whom to seek refuge.
يُستَبَدُّis tyrannized الغَنِيُّthe rich man فيهاthere وَيَعمىand grows blind
يُستَبَدُّ الغَنِيُّ فيها وَيَعمى
عَنهُto him كلُّall الوَرىpeople وَيَشقىand suffers الفَقيرُthe poor man
عَنهُ كلُّ الوَرى وَيَشقى الفَقيرُ
The rich man tyrannizes there and all
The rich man is tyrannized there, and
humanity turns blind to him, while the poor suffer.
All people are blind to him, while the poor man suffers.
فيon ذُراهاits heights وَفيand along السَواحِلthe shores يَجريflows
في ذُراها وَفي السَواحِل يَجري
مِنfrom عروقِthe veins الجُدودِof the forebears ماءٌwater نَميرُsweet and pure
مِن عروقِ الجُدودِ ماءٌ نَميرُ
Across its heights and along its coasts there flows
On its heights and along its shores flows
pure water from the veins of our forefathers.
Sweet water from the veins of the forebears.
فَاِسجُدواso prostrate yourselves لِلأَثيرِto the ether فيهاwithin it وَصَلّواand pray
فَاِسجُدوا لِلأَثيرِ فيها وَصَلّوا
فَلُهاثُfor the panting of الأَجدادِthe forebears هذاthis الأَثيرُether
فَلُهاثُ الأَجدادِ هذا الأَثيرُ
So bow to the ether within it, and pray:
So prostrate yourselves to the ether within it, and pray;
this ether is the very breath of the ancestors.
For this ether is the forebears' panting breath.