وَرَأَيتُand I saw أَجسامَthe bodies of العُداthe enemies (continued)
وَرَأَيتُ أَجسامَ العُدا
ةِcompletes 'the enemies' كَماjust as رَأَيتُI saw بِغَيرِwithout هامِheads
ةِ كَما رَأَيتُ بِغَيرِ هامِ
And I saw the bodies of the enemies,
I saw the bodies of the enemy
as I had seen them, without heads;
As I saw without any veil
وَدَمارَهاand their ruin لِدِمائِهِمfor their blood
وَدَمارَها لِدِمائِهِم
وَسَقامَهاand their sickness مِلءَfilling العِظامِthe bones
وَسَقامَها مِلءَ العِظامِ
and their ruin, for their blood,
And their destruction for their blood
and their sickness filling the bones.
And their illness filling the bones
وَمُحَسَّرٍand one stripped bare لِمُكَسَّرٍfor one shattered
وَمُحَسَّرٍ لِمُكَسَّرٍ
أَعزِزstrengthen! عَلَيهِagainst him يَدُthe hand of المُقامِauthority
أَعزِز عَلَيهِ يَدُ المُقامِ
And many a stripped one for a shattered one—
And a defeater for the defeated
strengthen authority's hand against him!
The mighty hand stays upon him
كَمhow many مِنof رُءوسٍheads مِنthrough لَجاobstinacy (continued)
كَم مِن رُءوسٍ مِن لَجا
جٍcompletes 'obstinacy' أَوor خُدودٍcheeks مِنthrough لِطامِslapping
جٍ أَو خُدودٍ مِن لِطامِ
How many heads, through obstinacy,
How many heads from fighting
or cheeks, through slapping!
Or cheeks from blows
وَالسَيفُand the sword سَيفُthe sword of اللَهِGod يَسsheds (continued)
وَالسَيفُ سَيفُ اللَهِ يَس
فِكُcompletes 'sheds' بِالحُدودِthrough prescribed penalties دَمَthe blood of الأَثامِsin
فِكُ بِالحُدودِ دَمَ الأَثامِ
And the sword—the sword of God—sheds
The sword of God unsheathes
the blood of sin through prescribed penalties.
To cut with limits the blood of sins
وَمَآتِمُand mourning rites for اللَذّاتِpleasures قاbeing held (continued)
وَمَآتِمُ اللَذّاتِ قا
ئِمَةٌcompletes 'being held' بِأَندِيَةِin the halls of النِدامِdrinking companions
ئِمَةٌ بِأَندِيَةِ النِدامِ
And wakes for pleasures are held
And the endings of pleasures standing
in the halls of drinking companions.
In the forums of regret
أَيُّwhat اِعتِزازٍmight كانَthere was لِلfor the
أَيُّ اِعتِزازٍ كانَ لِل
تَقوىpiety وَأَيُّand what يَدِa hand of اِعتِزامِresolve
تَقوى وَأَيُّ يَدِ اِعتِزامِ
What might there was for
What pride was there for piety
piety, and what a hand of resolve!
And what powerful hand
وَرَأَيتُand I saw شَمسَthe sun of الراحِwine أَوor
وَرَأَيتُ شَمسَ الراحِ أَو
نَجمَthe star of الحَبابِbubbles بِلاwithout ظَلامِdarkness
نَجمَ الحَبابِ بِلا ظَلامِ
And I saw the sun of wine, or
I saw the sun of comfort
the star of its bubbles, without darkness,
Or the star of loved one without darkness
سَجَدَتit bowed down لِيوسُفَto Yusuf فيin اِنتِباwakefulness (continued)
سَجَدَت لِيوسُفَ في اِنتِبا
هٍcompletes 'wakefulness' مِثلَas يوسُفَYusuf فيin مَنامِa dream
هٍ مِثلَ يوسُفَ في مَنامِ
bow to Yusuf while awake,
Yusuf prostrated in attention
as to Yusuf in a dream.
Like Yusuf in the dream
لِمَwhy يَعجَبونَdo they marvel فَإِنَّهاfor it is
لِمَ يَعجَبونَ فَإِنَّها
كَيَدٍlike a hand تُحَدِّثُspeaking عَنof حُسامِa sharp sword
كَيَدٍ تُحَدِّثُ عَن حُسامِ
Why do they marvel? For it is
Why are they amazed
like a hand speaking of a sword.
It is a hand that talks about swords
وَكَأَنَّهاand as though it فيin كَفِّهِhis palm
وَكَأَنَّها في كَفِّهِ
بَرقٌlightning تَضاحَكَlaughed brightly مِنfrom غَمامِa cloud
بَرقٌ تَضاحَكَ مِن غَمامِ
And in his palm it is as though
As if in his palm
lightning laughed from a cloud.
A lightning smiles from clouds
كَمhow often أَرغَمَتhumbled سَكَراتُهاits drunken spells
كَم أَرغَمَت سَكَراتُها
دَعleave أَنفَهاits nose تَحتَbeneath الرَغامِthe dust
دَع أَنفَها تَحتَ الرَغامِ
How often its drunken spells brought humiliation!
How many their intoxications
Leave its nose beneath the dust.
Let their nose under the feet
ماnot أَختَشيI fear نارَthe fire of العُقوintellects (continued)
ما أَختَشي نارَ العُقو
لِcompletes 'intellects' بِجَيشِwith the army of دينِهِمُtheir faith اللُهامِoverwhelming
لِ بِجَيشِ دينِهِمُ اللُهامِ
I fear no fire of intellect,
I do not fear the fire of mind
with their faith's overwhelming army.
With the army of their religion, Oh God
عَينُthe eye of الحَلالِthe lawful أَقَرَّهاgladdened it
عَينُ الحَلالِ أَقَرَّها
إِقلاقُكُمyour unsettling عَينَthe eye of الحَرامِthe forbidden
إِقلاقُكُم عَينَ الحَرامِ
The eye of the lawful was gladdened
The eye of permitted, settled it
by your unsettling the eye of the forbidden.
Your anxiety, the eye of prohibited
حَدَثٌan event تُعَظِّمُmagnify ذِكرَهُits mention
حَدَثٌ تُعَظِّمُ ذِكرَهُ
صُحُفُthe records of الأَحاديثِhappenings العِظامِthe great
صُحُفُ الأَحاديثِ العِظامِ
An event whose fame is magnified
An event you magnify its mention
by the records of great happenings.
The sheets of great sayings
أُنهيI report إِلىto المَولىthe lord الأَجَلmost illustrious (continued)
أُنهي إِلى المَولى الأَجَل
لِcompletes 'most illustrious' وَقَدand already أَطَلتُI have spoken at length مَعَwith اِتِّهامِmisgivings
لِ وَقَد أَطَلتُ مَعَ اِتِّهامِ
I report to the most illustrious lord—
I end to the most Majestic
having spoken at length, with misgivings—
And I have prolonged with accusation
أَنَّthat الحَريقَthe fire سَرىspread بِمِصthrough Egypt (continued)
أَنَّ الحَريقَ سَرى بِمِص
رٍcompletes 'Egypt' فيin مَنازِلِهاits dwellings السَواميthe lofty
رٍ في مَنازِلِها السَوامي
that fire spread through Egypt,
The burning wandered in Egypt
among its lofty dwellings,
In its high abodes
مِنfrom بَعدِafter ماthat خَرَجَتwent forth أَواdecrees (continued)
مِن بَعدِ ما خَرَجَت أَوا
مِرُهُcompletes 'his decrees' بِتَبديدِfor the dispersal of المُدامِwine
مِرُهُ بِتَبديدِ المُدامِ
after his decrees had gone forth
After his commands went out
to pour away the wine.
To spread alcohol
وَظَنَنتُand I thought أَنَّthat الأَرضَthe earth تُسwas watered (continued)
وَظَنَنتُ أَنَّ الأَرضَ تُس
قاهاcompletes 'was watered with it' فَتُثمِرُand thus bears fruit بِالضِرامِwith flames
قاها فَتُثمِرُ بِالضِرامِ
And I thought the earth was watered
I thought the land waters it
with it, and thus bore flames as fruit;
So it produces crops
أَوor أَنَّthat حَدَّthe prescribed punishment of اللَهِGod قاwas enforced (continued)
أَو أَنَّ حَدَّ اللَهِ قا
مَcompletes 'was enforced' عَلىupon الحِجارَةِthe stones كَالأَنامِas upon humankind
مَ عَلى الحِجارَةِ كَالأَنامِ
or that God's punishment had fallen
Or that God's limit stood
upon stones, as upon humankind.
On rocks like people
أَوَand do لاnot تَرىyou see ذَهَباًgold لَدَيin the keeping of
أَوَ لا تَرى ذَهَباً لَدَي
كُمyou (plural suffix) يَستَقِرُّremains عَلىfor الدَوامِperpetuity
كُم يَستَقِرُّ عَلى الدَوامِ
And do you not see gold in your keeping
Or do you not see gold with you
that endures forever?
Settling forever
إِنif شِئتَyou wish مِنfrom ذَهَبِthe gold of الطِلاwine
إِن شِئتَ مِن ذَهَبِ الطِلا
أَوor شِئتَyou wish مِنfrom ذَهَبِthe gold of الرَغامِdust
أَو شِئتَ مِن ذَهَبِ الرَغامِ
Whether you wish for the gold of wine
If you want by extracted
or wish for the gold of dust,
Or if you want by natural
فَليَذهَبِso let depart الذَهَبُthe gold الَّذيwhich
فَليَذهَبِ الذَهَبُ الَّذي
قَدindeed كانَused to يَذهَبُcarry away بِالكِرامِnoble men
قَد كانَ يَذهَبُ بِالكِرامِ
so let the gold depart that
So let the gold go
once carried noble men away.
That went away with generous
كَمhow often أَتلَفَتهُdestroyed it أَكُفُّكُمyour hands
كَم أَتلَفَتهُ أَكُفُّكُم
فَجَرىand so proceeded التِلافُdestruction عَلىaccording to نِظامِan order
فَجَرى التِلافُ عَلى نِظامِ
How often your hands have squandered it;
How your palms destroyed it
thus destruction followed an ordered course.
So destruction went systematically
فَليَقطَعواso let them cut off مِنهاof it الرَجاhope (continued)
فَليَقطَعوا مِنها الرَجا
ءَcompletes 'hope' فَقَدfor already ثَوَتit has settled تَحتَbeneath الرِجامِthe piled stones
ءَ فَقَد ثَوَت تَحتَ الرِجامِ
So let them cut off hope of it;
They should cut off hope from it
for it has settled beneath the stones.
It became stable under feet
قومواrise! فإنَّfor indeed المُلكَdominion ماnot
قوموا فإنَّ المُلكَ ما
ينساهforgets it مَلِكُa king of القيامvigilance
ينساه مَلِكُ القيام
Rise, for dominion is not
Rise for the kingdom does not
forgotten by a vigilant king.
Forget, the King of Resurrection
وَدَعواand leave لِغَيرِكُمُto others than you إِذاwhen اِسbegins 'awaken'
وَدَعوا لِغَيرِكُمُ إِذا اِس
تَيقَظتُمُcompletes 'you awaken' دَعَةَthe comfort of المَنامِsleep
تَيقَظتُمُ دَعَةَ المَنامِ
And leave to others, when you
And leave for others when you
awaken, the comfort of sleep.
Wake up, the situation of sleep
تِلكَthose المَناكِبُshoulders قَدindeed حَماhas protected
تِلكَ المَناكِبُ قَد حَما
هاthem اللَهُGod مِنfrom ضَمِّthe embrace of الزِحامِthe crowd
ها اللَهُ مِن ضَمِّ الزِحامِ
Those shoulders have been protected
Those shoulders, God has protected
by God from the crush of crowds.
From convergence of crowds
أَيُّwhat اِنحِطامٍa shattering أَنَّthat بَيhouse (continued)
أَيُّ اِنحِطامٍ أَنَّ بَي
تَcompletes 'house' العِزِّglory يُمسيcomes to be فيamid الحُطامِthe wreckage
تَ العِزِّ يُمسي في الحُطامِ
What a shattering, that the house
What destruction that the house
of glory should end up amid wreckage!
Of glory spends the night in ruins
وَاِرحَلand depart عَنfrom الإِقطاعِthe fief فَالfor the
وَاِرحَل عَن الإِقطاعِ فَال
إِقطاعُfief مِنis part of سَعدِthe good fortune of الغُلامِthe lad
إِقطاعُ مِن سَعدِ الغُلامِ
And leave the fief behind, for
Move away from fiefs, for
the fief is part of the lad's good fortune.
Fiefs are from Saad, the young man
وَاِنشُرand unfurl لَهاfor her العَلَمَthe banner الشَريnoble (continued)
وَاِنشُر لَها العَلَمَ الشَري
فَcompletes 'noble' وَدَعand leave off مُحاسَبَةَcalling to account الغُلامِthe lad
فَ وَدَع مُحاسَبَةَ الغُلامِ
And unfurl for her the noble banner,
Raise for it the honorable flag
and leave off calling the lad to account.
And leave accounting the boy
ماwhat الغَزوُwarfare فيin أَيّامِكُمyour days
ما الغَزوُ في أَيّامِكُم
وَالنَصرُwhile victory رَميَةُa shot by غَيرِone who is not رامِan archer
وَالنَصرُ رَميَةُ غَيرِ رامِ
What is warfare in your days,
What invasion in your days
when victory is a shot by a non-archer?
And victory, a not throwing arrow
قُلناwe said اِعتَذَرتُمyou made excuses فيduring الصِياfasting (continued)
قُلنا اِعتَذَرتُم في الصِيا
مِcompletes 'fasting' فَقَدfor indeed عَذَرناwe excused فيduring الصِيامِfasting
مِ فَقَد عَذَرنا في الصِيامِ
We said: "You made excuses during the fast;
We said you apologized for fasting
we have indeed excused you during fasting."
So we excused for fasting
فِرّواflee! فَهَذاfor this is القَرُّbitter cold قُلsaid (continued)
فِرّوا فَهَذا القَرُّ قُل
ناwe (completes 'we said') قَدalready سُبِقتَyou were anticipated بِذاin these الكَلامِwords
نا قَد سُبِقتَ بِذا الكَلامِ
"Flee—this is bitter cold!" We
Escape, for by God we have
said: "These words were spoken before you."
Preceded you with this speech
لاdo not تَنفِرواmarch forth فيin الحَرِّthe heat قُلsaid (continued)
لا تَنفِروا في الحَرِّ قُل
ناwe (completes 'we said') العُذرُthe excuse حَقٌّvalid فيamid الضِرامِflames
نا العُذرُ حَقٌّ في الضِرامِ
"Do not march out in the heat!" We
Do not reject in heat, we said
said: "The excuse is valid amid flames."
The excuse is true in harm
ماwhat العُذرُthe excuse إِذwhen وَلِيَtook charge الخَريautumn (continued)
ما العُذرُ إِذ وَلِيَ الخَري
فُcompletes 'autumn' وِلايَةَthe guardianship of البِكرِthe maiden الحَواميthe protectors
فُ وِلايَةَ البِكرِ الحَوامي
What excuse, when autumn has taken charge
What is the excuse, when the Caliph took
as guardians take charge of a maiden,
The rule of the first tyrant
إِذwhen آبreceded آبُAugust القاعديthe stay-at-homes (continued)
إِذ آب آبُ القاعدي
نَcompletes 'the stay-at-homes' وَآلَand came أَيلولُSeptember القِيامِthose who rise
نَ وَآلَ أَيلولُ القِيامِ
when August of the stay-at-homes has passed,
When the sitting ones sat
and September of those who rise has come?
And September of standing went
ماذاwhat أقولُshall I say لَهُto him إذاwhen
ماذا أقولُ لَهُ إذا
ماemphatic particle قالَhe says ليto me قَلبيmy heart أَماميahead of me
ما قالَ لي قَلبي أَمامي
What shall I say to him, when
What do I say to him, when
he tells me, "My heart is ahead of me"?
My heart did not say to me in front of me
وَاللَهُby God ماnot داريmy home عَلىon الthe
وَاللَهُ ما داري عَلى ال
غَربِيِّwestern side مِنof دارِthe abode of السَلامِpeace
غَربِيِّ مِن دارِ السَلامِ
By God, my home is not on the
By God I don’t know about Western
western side of Dar al-Salam.
From the abode of peace
ياO ناصِحيmy counselor لَمdid not تَرعَyou honor إِنif
يا ناصِحي لَم تَرعَ إِن
فَنَّدَتنيyou called me foolish حَقَّthe claims of الذِمامِloyalty
فَنَّدَتني حَقَّ الذِمامِ
O my counselor, you have not honored—if
My advisor, you did not care when
you call me foolish—the claims of loyalty.
He frustrated me, the rights of blame
مُلكُthe kingdom of المَنامِdreams لِناظِريto my eyes
مُلكُ المَنامِ لِناظِري
أَمرٌa thing سِوىother than مُلكِdominion over الأَنامِhumankind
أَمرٌ سِوى مُلكِ الأَنامِ
To my eyes, the kingdom of dreams
Kingdom of sleep for my viewer
is something apart from ruling humankind.
Is a matter other than people's kingdom
دَعنيleave me فإِنّيfor I مُضمِرٌharbor an intention
دَعني فإِنّي مُضمِرٌ
سَبقَoutstripping الحَمامِthe doves إِلىtoward الحِمامِdeath
سَبقَ الحَمامِ إِلى الحِمامِ
Leave me, for I intend
Leave me, for I have aimed
to outstrip the doves in the race to death,
The pigeon preceded the bathroom to the bathroom
بِرَدىًwith a death يَرُدُّthwarts مُرادَthe purpose of هَمa resolute man (continued)
بِرَدىً يَرُدُّ مُرادَ هَم
مامٍcompletes 'a resolute man' بِفُرصَتِهِon his opportunity هُمامِa hero
مامٍ بِفُرصَتِهِ هُمامِ
with a death that thwarts the purpose of a
With coolness, cooling the purpose
resolute man, a hero intent on his chance.
Of worries with its chance, worries
بِيَدَيهِin his two hands لاnot بِيَديin my hand زِماrein (continued)
بِيَدَيهِ لا بِيَدي زِما
مُكَcompletes 'your rein' ماnot أَميريmy commander مَعwith زَماميmy rein
مُكَ ما أَميري مَع زَمامي
In his hands, not mine, is your rein;
In his hands, not in my hands
my commander is not subject to my rein.
My matter, with the lead
وَإِذاand when يُباشِرُhe undertakes عَذلَهُhis rebuke
وَإِذا يُباشِرُ عَذلَهُ
فَالسَمعُthen the hearing أَشرَدُmore flighty مِنthan نَعامِostriches
فَالسَمعُ أَشرَدُ مِن نَعامِ
And when he begins his rebuke,
If he undertakes his humiliation
the ear is more flighty than ostriches.
Then hearing is more distracted than ostriches
وإذاand when يُباشرُhe undertakes حربَهُhis war
وإذا يُباشرُ حربَهُ
فالرِجلُthen the foot أثبتُsteadier منthan شمامِShamam
فالرِجلُ أثبتُ من شمامِ
And when he undertakes his war,
And if he undertakes his war
the foot is steadier than Shamam.
Then the feet are more fixed than a nail
وَالمَجلِسُand the court المَخدومُthe honored مَخsingled out (continued)
وَالمَجلِسُ المَخدومُ مَخ
صوصٌcompletes 'singled out' بِلَثمِيfor my kissing وِاِستِلاميand my reverent touching
صوصٌ بِلَثمِي وِاِستِلامي
And the honored court is singled out
The attended council, specific
for my kisses and my reverent touch.
With my touch and greeting
وَلَهُand for him فَإِنَّfor indeed عَلَيهِagainst him لاnot
وَلَهُ فَإِنَّ عَلَيهِ لا
أَسخوI am lavish بِهاwith it أَبَداًever سَلاميmy greeting of peace
أَسخو بِها أَبَداً سَلامي
And for him—for against him I would not
For him, so for him, I
ever be lavish with it—is my greeting of peace.
Never spend my greetings
وَأَقَلُّand the least of ماwhat يُنمَىis conveyed لَهُto him
وَأَقَلُّ ما يُنمَى لَهُ
عَنّيfrom me التَحِيّاتُthe greetings النَواميever-growing
عَنّي التَحِيّاتُ النَوامي
And the least of what is conveyed to him
The least growth for him
from me is ever-growing greetings,
From me are dormant greetings
ماas long as تَوَّجَتcrowned أَلِفَthe alif of الغُصوthe boughs (continued)
ما تَوَّجَت أَلِفَ الغُصو
نِcompletes 'the boughs' الخُضرِthe green هَمَزاتُthe hamzas of الحَمامِthe doves
نِ الخُضرِ هَمَزاتُ الحَمامِ
so long as the alif of the green boughs is crowned
The thousands of green buds were not
by the hamzas of doves.
Crowned by the strokes of the pigeon