فهمso they فيin بطونdepths الأرضthe earth بعدafter ظهورهاits surfaces
فهم في بطون الأرض بعد ظهورها
محاسنهمtheir beauties فيهاin it بوالdecayed دوائرeffaced
محاسنهم فيها بوال دوائر
So they lie in the earth's depths after dwelling on its surface;
Their beauties there are decayed and effaced.
خَلَتbecame empty دورهمtheir homes منهمof them وأقوتand became deserted عراصهُمtheir courtyards
خَلَت دورهم منهم وأقوت عراصهُم
وساقتهُمُand drove them نحوtoward المناياdeaths المقادرُthe decrees of fate
وساقتهُمُ نحو المنايا المقادرُ
Their homes are empty of them, their courtyards deserted,
And fate's decrees drove them toward their deaths.
وخلواand departed عنfrom الدنياthe world وماand what جمعواthey amassed لهاfor it
وخلوا عن الدنيا وما جمعوا لها
وضَمّهُمُand enclosed them تحتbeneath الترابthe dust الحفائرthe burial pits
وضَمّهُمُ تحت التراب الحفائر
They departed from the world and what they had amassed for it,
And burial pits enclosed them beneath the dust.
وأنتand you علىupon الدنياthe world مكبّabsorbed منافسٌcompeting
وأنت على الدنيا مكبّ منافسٌ
لخُطّابهاwith its suitors فيهاin it حريصٌeager مكاثرvying for more
لخُطّابها فيها حريصٌ مكاثر
Yet you are bent upon the world, competing
With its suitors, eager for it, vying for more.
علىin خطرٍperil تمسيyou reach evening وتصبحand reach morning لاهباًablaze
على خطرٍ تمسي وتصبح لاهباً
أتدريdo you know بماذاwith what لوif عقلتyou had sense تخاطرُyou risk
أتدري بماذا لو عقلت تخاطرُ
In peril you pass your evenings and mornings, ablaze;
Do you know what you are risking, if you had sense?
وإنand indeed امرءاًa person يسعىstrives لدنياهُfor his worldly life دائباًtirelessly
وإن امرءاً يسعى لدنياهُ دائباً
ويذهلُand is heedless عنof أخراهُhis hereafter لاno شكّdoubt خاسرُa loser
ويذهلُ عن أخراهُ لا شكّ خاسرُ
Surely a person who labors tirelessly for his worldly life
And neglects his hereafter is, without doubt, a loser.
وفيand in ذكرremembering هولthe terror of الموتdeath والقبرand the grave والبلىand decay
وفي ذكر هول الموت والقبر والبلى
عنfrom اللهوidle amusement واللّذاتِand pleasures للمرءfor a person زاجرa deterrent
عن اللهو واللّذاتِ للمرء زاجر
In remembering the terror of death, the grave, and decay
Lies a deterrent for man from diversion and pleasures.
أبعدis it after اقترابthe approach of الأربعينforty ترَبُّصٌdelay
أبعد اقتراب الأربعين ترَبُّصٌ
وشيبُand gray hair قذالthe back of the head منذرa warning لكto you ظاهرplain
وشيبُ قذال منذر لك ظاهر
After nearing forty, will you still delay,
While gray hair at the back of your head is a plain warning to you?
كأنّكas though you معنيٌّconcerned بماwith what هوit is ضائرٌharmful
كأنّك معنيٌّ بما هو ضائرٌ
لنفسكto your soul عمداdeliberately وعنand from الرشدright guidance جائرُstraying
لنفسك عمدا وعن الرشد جائرُ
As though you were intent upon what is harmful
To your soul, deliberately straying from right guidance.
أمسواthey became رميماًdecayed remains فيin الترابthe dust وعطّلتand were left vacant
أمسوا رميماً في التراب وعطّلت
مجالسهُمtheir gathering places منهمof them وأخلىand became empty مقاصرُchambers
مجالسهُم منهم وأخلى مقاصرُ
They became decayed remains in the dust, and deserted lay
Their gathering places, bereft of them, and their chambers stood empty.
وحلواand they settled بدارin an abode لاno تزاورmutual visiting بينهُمamong them
وحلوا بدار لا تزاور بينهُم
وأنّىand how could لسكّانfor the dwellers of القبورthe graves التزاورُmutual visiting
وأنّى لسكّان القبور التزاورُ
They settled in an abode where none visit one another;
How can the dwellers in graves visit one another?
فماso not أنat all ترىyou see إلّاexcept قبوراًgraves ثوواthey dwelt بهاin them
فما أن ترى إلّا قبوراً ثووا بها
مسطّحةًflat-topped تسفيscatters dust عليهاover them الأعاصرُthe whirlwinds
مسطّحةً تسفي عليها الأعاصرُ
You see nothing but graves in which they have settled,
Flat-topped, with whirlwinds scattering dust over them.
فماso not صرفتturned aside كفّthe hand of المنيةdeath إذwhen أتتit came
فما صرفت كفّ المنية إذ أتت
مبادرةhastening تهويswooping down إليهاtoward them الذخائرthe treasures
مبادرة تهوي إليها الذخائر
Death's hand, when it came, was not turned aside
By treasures, as it hastened, swooping toward them.
ولاnor دفعتdefended عنكon your behalf الحصونthe fortresses التيwhich بنىhe built
ولا دفعت عنك الحصون التي بنى
وحفّand surrounded بهاaround them أنهارهُhis rivers والدساكرand the estates
وحفّ بها أنهارهُ والدساكر
Nor did the fortresses he built defend you,
Surrounding them with his rivers and estates.
ولاnor قارعتfought off عنكon your behalf المنيةdeath حيلةٌa stratagem
ولا قارعت عنك المنية حيلةٌ
ولاnor طمعتhoped فيin الذبّdefending عنهon his behalf العساكرُthe armies
ولا طمعت في الذبّ عنه العساكرُ
No stratagem fought death off on your behalf,
Nor did armies hope to ward it off from him.
مليكٌa sovereign عزيزٌmighty لاnot يردّis repelled قضاؤهhis decree
مليكٌ عزيزٌ لا يردّ قضاؤه
حكيمٌwise عليمٌall-knowing نافذُirresistible الأمرِthe command قاهرall-subduing
حكيمٌ عليمٌ نافذُ الأمرِ قاهر
A mighty sovereign whose decree cannot be repelled,
Wise, all-knowing, irresistible in command, all-subduing.
عنىwas humbled كلevery ذيpossessor of عزّmight لعزّهbefore His might وجههhis face
عنى كل ذي عزّ لعزّه وجهه
فكمso how many منof عزيزa mighty one للمهيمنِbefore the Guardian صاغرُabased
فكم من عزيز للمهيمنِ صاغرُ
Every mighty one's face is humbled before His might;
How many a mighty one is abased before the Guardian!
لقدindeed خضعتbowed واستسلمتand surrendered وتضاءلتand dwindled
لقد خضعت واستسلمت وتضاءلت
لعزّةbefore the might of ذيthe Possessor of العرشthe Throne الملوكُthe kings الجبابرthe tyrants
لعزّة ذي العرش الملوكُ الجبابر
Indeed, they have bowed, surrendered, and dwindled—
The tyrant kings—before the might of the Lord of the Throne.
وفيand in دونless than ماwhat عاينتyou witnessed منof فجعاتِهاits calamities
وفي دون ما عاينت من فجعاتِها
إلىtoward دفعهاrejecting it داعone calling وبالزهدand to renunciation آمرُone commanding
إلى دفعها داع وبالزهد آمرُ
In even less than what you witnessed of its calamities
Is a call to reject it and a command to renunciation.
فجُدّso be earnest ولاand do not تغفلbe heedless وكنand be متيقظاًalert
فجُدّ ولا تغفل وكن متيقظاً
فعمّاfor after قليلa little while بتركby leaving الدارthe abode عامرa dweller
فعمّا قليل بترك الدار عامر
Be earnest, do not be heedless, and stay alert;
For soon the dweller must leave the abode.
فشمّرso gird yourself ولاand do not تفترslacken فعمركfor your life زائلٌpassing away
فشمّر ولا تفتر فعمرك زائلٌ
وأنتand you علىtoward دارthe abode of الإقامةpermanent residence صائرbound
وأنت على دار الإقامة صائر
Gird yourself and do not slacken, for your life is passing away,
And you are bound for the abode of permanence.
ولاand do not تطلبseek الدنياthe world فإنfor indeed نعيمهاits delight
ولا تطلب الدنيا فإن نعيمها
وإنeven if نلتyou attain منهاfrom it غبّهits aftermath لكto you ضائرharmful
وإن نلت منها غبّه لك ضائر
Do not seek the world: its delight,
Even if you attain it, has an aftermath that harms you.
ألاindeed لاno ولكنّاbut we نغرّdeceive نفوسناourselves
ألا لا ولكنّا نغرّ نفوسنا
وتشغلناand distract us اللّذاتُpleasures عماfrom what نحاذرُwe dread
وتشغلنا اللّذاتُ عما نحاذرُ
Indeed, no! Yet we deceive ourselves,
And pleasures distract us from what we dread.
وكيفand how يلَذّrelishes العيشlife منone who هوhe موقفٌis made to stand
وكيف يلَذّ العيش من هو موقفٌ
بموقفat a standing-place of عدلjustice يومthe day تبلىare tested السرائرُthe secrets
بموقف عدل يوم تبلى السرائرُ
How can one relish life who will be made to stand
At a just tribunal on the day when secrets are laid bare?
كأنّاas though we نرىbelieve أنthat لاno نشورresurrection وأنّناand that we
كأنّا نرى أن لا نشور وأنّنا
صدىًlifeless remains ماnot لناfor us بعدafter المماتdeath مصادرreturns
صدىً ما لنا بعد الممات مصادر
As though we believed there were no resurrection, and that we
Were lifeless remains, with no return for us after death.
أماis it not قدindeed نرىwe see فيin كلevery يومday وليلةand night
أما قد نرى في كل يوم وليلة
يروحcomes at evening عليناupon us صرفهاits vicissitudes ويباكرُand comes at dawn
يروح علينا صرفها ويباكرُ
Do we not see, every day and night,
Its vicissitudes come upon us at evening and at dawn?
تعاورناassail us in turn آفاتهاits afflictions وهمومهاand its cares
تعاورنا آفاتها وهمومها
وكمand how long قدindeed ترىyou suppose يبقىsurvives لهاfor it المتعاورُthe repeatedly assailed
وكم قد ترى يبقى لها المتعاورُ
Its afflictions and cares assail us in turn;
And how long, do you think, can one thus assailed remain in it?
فلاso not هوhe مغبوطenviable بدنياهin his worldly life آمنٌsecure
فلا هو مغبوط بدنياه آمنٌ
ولاnor هوhe عنfrom تطلابهاpursuing it النفسَthe soul قاصرُrestraining
ولا هو عن تطلابها النفسَ قاصرُ
He is neither enviable in his worldly life nor secure,
Nor does he hold his soul back from pursuing it.
بلrather أوردتهُit brought him to بعدafter عزّmight ومنعةٍand protection
بل أوردتهُ بعد عزّ ومنعةٍ
مواردwatering places سوءof evil ماnot لهنّfor them مصادرways out
موارد سوء ما لهنّ مصادر
Rather, after might and protection, it brought him
To evil watering places with no way out.
فلمّاthen when رأىhe saw أنthat لاno نجاةescape وأنّهand that it
فلمّا رأى أن لا نجاة وأنّه
هوit is الموتdeath لاnot ينجيهsaves him منهfrom it التحاذرُtaking precautions
هو الموت لا ينجيه منه التحاذرُ
When he saw there was no escape, and that it
Was death, from which no caution could save him,
تندّمhe regretted إذwhen لمdid not تغنِavail عنهfor him ندامةٌregret
تندّم إذ لم تغنِ عنه ندامةٌ
عليهover it وأبكتهُand made him weep الذنوبthe sins الكبائرُthe grievous ones
عليه وأبكتهُ الذنوب الكبائرُ
He felt regret—when regret could not avail him—
Over it, and his grievous sins made him weep.
أحاطتsurrounded بهhim أحزانهhis sorrows وهمومُهُand his cares
أحاطت به أحزانه وهمومُهُ
وأبلسَand he despaired لماwhen أعجزتهُrendered him helpless المقادرُthe decrees of fate
وأبلسَ لما أعجزتهُ المقادرُ
His sorrows and cares surrounded him,
And he despaired when fate's decrees made him powerless.
فليسَso there is not لهfor him منfrom كربةِthe anguish of الموتdeath فارجٌa reliever
فليسَ له من كربةِ الموت فارجٌ
وليسand there is not لهfor him ممّاfrom what يحاذرُhe dreads ناصرُa helper
وليس له ممّا يحاذرُ ناصرُ
There is none to relieve him of death's anguish,
And he has no helper against what he dreads.
وقدand indeed جشأتsurged upward خوفَin fear of المنيّةdeath نفسهُhis soul
وقد جشأت خوفَ المنيّة نفسهُ
يردّدهاtosses it back and forth بينbetween اللهاةthe uvula الحناجرُthe throats
يردّدها بين اللهاة الحناجرُ
And his soul had surged upward in fear of death,
The throats tossing it back and forth beside the uvula.
فكمand how many موجعsorrow-stricken يبكيweeps عليهover him مفجّعbereaved
فكم موجع يبكي عليه مفجّع
ومستنجدand one seeking help صبراًpatience وماyet not هوhe صابرُpatient
ومستنجد صبراً وما هو صابرُ
How many a grief-stricken, bereaved mourner weeps over him,
And one seeks patience for support, yet is not patient;
ومسترجعand one saying 'To God we return' داعinvoking لهfor him اللّهGod مخلصاsincerely
ومسترجع داع له اللّه مخلصا
يعدّدrecounts منهof him كلّall ماthat هوhe ذاكرremembering
يعدّد منه كلّ ما هو ذاكر
And one says, 'To God we return,' praying sincerely to God for him,
Recounting all that he remembers of him.
وكمand how many شامتa gloater مستبشرrejoicing بوفاتهِat his death
وكم شامت مستبشر بوفاتهِ
وعمّاand after قليلa little while للّذيto what صارhe came صائرُbound
وعمّا قليل للّذي صار صائرُ
And how many a gloater rejoices at his death,
Yet soon will go where he has gone.
وحلّand came أحبّthe dearest of القومthe people كانwas بقربهِnear him
وحلّ أحبّ القوم كان بقربهِ
يحثّurges علىtoward تجهيزهpreparing him for burial ويبادرُand hastens
يحثّ على تجهيزه ويبادرُ
The dearest of his people, who had been near him, arrived,
Urging his preparation for burial and hastening.
وشمّرand girded himself منthe one whom قدalready أحضروهthey summoned him لغسلهِfor his washing
وشمّر من قد أحضروه لغسلهِ
ووجّهand was dispatched لماwhen فاضhe expired للقبرto the grave حافرُa digger
ووجّه لما فاض للقبر حافرُ
The one they had summoned for his washing girded himself,
And when he expired, a digger was sent to the grave.
وكفّنand was shrouded فيin ثوبينtwo garments واجتمعتand gathered لهfor him
وكفّن في ثوبين واجتمعت له
مشيّعةٌas funeral escorts إخوانهُhis brothers والعشائرand the clans
مشيّعةٌ إخوانهُ والعشائر
He was shrouded in two garments, and there gathered for him
As funeral escorts, his brothers and the clans.
لعاينتyou would surely witness منof قبحthe ugliness of المنيّةdeath منظراًa sight
لعاينت من قبح المنيّة منظراً
يهالُis horrified لمرآهُat its sight ويرتاعand is startled ناظرُa beholder
يهالُ لمرآهُ ويرتاع ناظرُ
You would have witnessed a sight of death's ugliness
At whose sight the beholder is horrified and startled:
أكابرُthe eldest of أولادchildren يهيجis stirred اكتئابهُمtheir grief
أكابرُ أولاد يهيج اكتئابهُم
إذاwhen ماindeed تناساهput him out of mind البنونthe sons الأصاغرُthe younger
إذا ما تناساه البنون الأصاغرُ
Older children, whose grief is stirred
When the younger sons put him out of mind;
ورنّةand the wail of نسوانwomen عليهover him جوازعٌanguished
ورنّة نسوان عليه جوازعٌ
مدامعهمtheir tears فوقover الخدودthe cheeks غوازرُabundant
مدامعهم فوق الخدود غوازرُ
And the wailing of women, anguished over him,
Their tears flowing abundantly over their cheeks.
فوَلّواso they turned عليهover him معولينwailing وكلّهُمand all of them
فوَلّوا عليه معولين وكلّهُم
لمثلof the like of الذيwhat لاقىmet أخوهhis brother محاذرُfearing
لمثل الذي لاقى أخوه محاذرُ
So they turned, wailing over him, and every one of them
Dreads the like of what his brother has met.
كشاءٍlike sheep رتاعgrazing آمنينsecure بداappeared لهاto them
كشاءٍ رتاع آمنين بدا لها
بمديتهِwith his knife باديbaring الذراعينِboth forearms حاسرُuncovered
بمديتهِ بادي الذراعينِ حاسرُ
Like sheep grazing in safety, before which appears
A man with his knife, both forearms laid bare.
فريعتso they were frightened ولمand did not ترتعgraze قليلاًfor a little while وأجفلتand bolted
فريعت ولم ترتع قليلاً وأجفلت
فلمّاthen when نأىwent away عنهاfrom them الذيthe one who هوhe جازرُis a butcher
فلمّا نأى عنها الذي هو جازرُ
They took fright, ceased grazing briefly, and bolted;
Then, when the butcher moved away from them—
ثوىhe lay مفرداًalone فيin لحدهhis burial niche وتوزّعَتand divided up
ثوى مفرداً في لحده وتوزّعَت
مواريثهُhis inheritances أولادهُhis children والأصاهرُand the in-laws
مواريثهُ أولادهُ والأصاهرُ
He lay alone in his burial niche, while they divided up
His inheritances—his children and his in-laws.
وأحنواand bent علىover أموالهhis possessions يقسِمونهاthey divide them
وأحنوا على أمواله يقسِمونها
فلاso no حامدٌone praising منهمamong them عليهاfor them وشاكرُand thankful
فلا حامدٌ منهم عليها وشاكرُ
And bent over his possessions, dividing them,
With none among them praising or giving thanks for them.
فياso O عامرbuilder of الدنياthe world وياand O ساعياone striving لهاfor it
فيا عامر الدنيا ويا ساعيا لها
وياand O آمناًone feeling safe منfrom أنthat تدورcome round الدوائرُthe reversals of fortune
ويا آمناً من أن تدور الدوائرُ
O builder of the world, O one striving for it,
And O you who feel safe from reversals of fortune,
ولمand have not تتزَوّدyou taken provisions للرّحيلfor departure وقدalthough already دناit drew near
ولم تتزَوّد للرّحيل وقد دنا
وأنتand you علىin حالa state وشيكٍimminent مسافرُa traveler
وأنت على حال وشيكٍ مسافرُ
You have taken no provisions for departure, though it is near,
And you, as you are, will soon be a traveler.
فياso O لهفanguish of نفسيmy soul كمhow often أسوّفI postpone توبتيmy repentance
فيا لهف نفسي كم أسوّف توبتي
وعمريَand my life فانٍpassing away والرّدىand death ليfor me ناظرُwatching
وعمريَ فانٍ والرّدى لي ناظرُ
Alas for my soul! How often I postpone my repentance,
While my life is passing away and death watches for me.
وكلّand all الذيthat which أسلفتُI sent ahead فيin الصحفthe scrolls مثبتٌrecorded
وكلّ الذي أسلفتُ في الصحف مثبتٌ
يُجازيrequites عليهfor it عادلjust الحكمjudgment قادرpowerful
يُجازي عليه عادل الحكم قادر
And all that I have sent ahead is recorded in the scrolls,
To be requited by One just in judgment, powerful.
تخرّبُyou ruin ماwhat يبقىendures وتعمرand build up فانياًwhat perishes
تخرّبُ ما يبقى وتعمر فانياً
فلاso not ذاكthat موفورٌpreserved ولاnor ذاكthat عابرُpassing
فلا ذاك موفورٌ ولا ذاك عابرُ
You ruin what endures and build up what perishes,
So neither is the one preserved nor the other passing.
وهلand will لكfor you إنif وافاكovertakes you حتفُكyour death بغتةًsuddenly
وهل لك إن وافاك حتفُك بغتةً
ولمand have not تكتسبyou earned خيراgood لدىbefore اللّهGod عاذرُone who excuses
ولم تكتسب خيرا لدى اللّه عاذرُ
If your death suddenly overtakes you, will you have
Anyone to excuse you before God, when you have earned no good?
أترضىare you content بأنthat تفنىperishes الحياةُlife وتنقضيand ends
أترضى بأن تفنى الحياةُ وتنقضي
ودينكَand your faith منقوصٌdiminished ومالكand your wealth وافرُabundant
ودينكَ منقوصٌ ومالك وافرُ
Are you content that life should perish and come to an end,
While your faith is diminished and your wealth abundant?