قَلَّwas scant فيon شَطِّthe bank of نَهرَوانَNahrawan اِغتِماضيmy sleep
قَلَّ في شَطِّ نَهرَوانَ اِغتِماضي
وَدَعانيand called me هَوىlove of العُيونِthe eyes المِراضِlanguid
وَدَعاني هَوى العُيونِ المِراضِ
My sleep was scant on the bank of Nahrawan.
My passion diminished at the banks of the Euphrates,
And love of languid eyes called me.
And the love of eyes afflicted me.
فَتَطَرَّبتُso I thrilled لِلهَوىto love ثُمَّthen أَقصَرdesisted (verb stem)
فَتَطَرَّبتُ لِلهَوى ثُمَّ أَقصَر
تُI (verb ending) رِضاًcontentment بِالتُقىwith piety وَذوand one possessing البِرِّrighteousness راضيcontent
تُ رِضاً بِالتُقى وَذو البِرِّ راضي
I thrilled to love, then desisted,
So I rejoiced in passion, then grew short
content with piety; the righteous man is content.
Of righteousness, while the righteous were pleased.
وَأَرانيand showed me المَليكُthe Sovereign رُشديmy right course وَقَدand already كُنwas (verb stem)
وَأَراني المَليكُ رُشدي وَقَد كُن
تُI (verb ending) أَخاa man of عُنجُهِيَّةٍarrogance وَاِعتِراضِand defiance
تُ أَخا عُنجُهِيَّةٍ وَاِعتِراضِ
The Sovereign showed me my right course, though I had been
The King showed me the right way when I was
a man of arrogance and defiance,
A brother of ungainliness and waywardness,
غَيرَwithout ماemphatic particle ريبَةٍcause for suspicion سِوىexcept رَيَّقِthe first flush of الغِرْheedlessness (continued)
غَيرَ ما ريبَةٍ سِوى رَيَّقِ الغِرْ
رَةِending of 'heedlessness' ثُمَّthen اِرعَوَيتُI came to my senses عِندَat البَياضِwhite hair
رَةِ ثُمَّ اِرعَوَيتُ عِندَ البَياضِ
with no fault save the first flush of heedlessness;
Beyond any doubt except the groves of the sand dunes.
then I came to my senses when my hair turned white.
Then I rested at the expanses of whiteness.
لاتَnot the time for هَناnow ذِكرىrecollection of بُلَهنِيَةِthe ease of الدَهtime (continued)
لاتَ هَنا ذِكرى بُلَهنِيَةِ الدَه
رِending of 'time' وَأَنّىand how could ذِكرىrecollection of السِنينَthe years المَواضيgone by
رِ وَأَنّى ذِكرى السِنينَ المَواضي
Now is no time to recall the ease of bygone days;
No memories here of the bygone days of youth,
and how can the years gone by be recalled?
And how can there be memories of years long past?
فَاِذهَبواso go away ماemphatic particle إِلَيكُمُaway with you خَفَضَlowered الحِلforbearance (continued)
فَاِذهَبوا ما إِلَيكُمُ خَفَضَ الحِل
مُending of 'forbearance' عِنانيmy reins وَعُرِّيَتand were unsaddled أَنقاضيmy worn-out camels
مُ عِناني وَعُرِّيَت أَنقاضي
Go, then, on your way; forbearance has slackened
So be gone what bows my determination
my reins, and my worn-out camels have been unsaddled.
And exposes my ruins.
وَذَهَلتُand I forgot الصَباyouthful passion وَأَرشَدَنيand guided me اللَGod (continued)
وَذَهَلتُ الصَبا وَأَرشَدَني اللَ
هُending of 'God' بِدَهرٍthrough an age ذيpossessing مِرَّةٍstrength وَاِنتِقاضِand upheaval
هُ بِدَهرٍ ذي مِرَّةٍ وَاِنتِقاضِ
I forgot youthful passion; God guided me
I lost my youth and Allah guided me
through an age of stern force and upheaval.
Through an age of bitterness and decay.
وَجَرىand hurried بِالَّذيbearing what أَخافُI fear مِنَof البَيseparation (continued)
وَجَرى بِالَّذي أَخافُ مِنَ البَي
نِending of 'separation' لَعينٌan accursed one يُنوضُhops كُلَّevery مَناضِdirection of movement
نِ لَعينٌ يُنوضُ كُلَّ مَناضِ
Bearing what I feared of separation came
And what I fear of evil has come to pass-
an accursed creature, hopping every way.
An eye that awakes every slumberer.
صَيدَحِيُّloud-voiced الضُحىin the morning كَأَنَّas though نَساهُits sciatic sinew
صَيدَحِيُّ الضُحى كَأَنَّ نَساهُ
حينَwhen يَجتَثُّjerks up رِجلَهُits leg فيin إِباضِa leg-hobble
حينَ يَجتَثُّ رِجلَهُ في إِباضِ
Shrill in the morning, as though its leg-sinew,
At daybreak he is like one who forgets,
when it jerks up its leg, were held in a hobble.
When he pulls out his foot in the sand drifts,
سَوفَwill تُدنيكَbring you near مِنto لَميسَLamis سَبَنتاlong-bodied she-camel (continued)
سَوفَ تُدنيكَ مِن لَميسَ سَبَنتا
ةٌending of 'long-bodied she-camel' أَمارَتexpelled بِالبَولِwith her urine ماءَthe fluid of الكِراضِthe womb's folds
ةٌ أَمارَت بِالبَولِ ماءَ الكِراضِ
A long, strong she-camel will bring you near Lamis,
You will be brought closer by a smooth rock
one that expelled the fluid of her womb in her urine.
That indicated rainwater in the fragments.
أَضمَرتَتهُshe retained it within عِشرينَtwenty يَوماًdays وَنيلَتand was covered
أَضمَرتَتهُ عِشرينَ يَوماً وَنيلَت
حينَwhen نيلَتwas covered يَعارَةًwhile roaming loose فيin عِراضِa passing mating
حينَ نيلَت يَعارَةً في عِراضِ
She had held it within for twenty days, and had been covered,
You hid it for twenty days and attained it
when she was covered, while roaming, in a passing encounter.
When you attained a loan amid the barren land.
فَهيَso she is قَوداءُlong-necked نُفِّجَتwere lifted عَضُداهاher two upper forelegs
فَهيَ قَوداءُ نُفِّجَت عَضُداها
عَنclear of زَحاليقِslippery stretches of صَفصَفٍlevel ground ذيhaving دَحاضِslipperiness
عَن زَحاليقِ صَفصَفٍ ذي دَحاضِ
Long-necked she is, her upper forelegs lifted
She is hump-backed, her shoulders laid bare
clear of the smooth expanses of a slippery plain.
By the rubbing of a rugged saddlecloth.
عَوسَرَpowerful she-camel (compound begins) أَنِيَّةٌcompletion of 'powerful she-camel' إِذاwhen اِنتَفَضَshook out الخِمfive-day thirst (continued)
عَوسَرَ أَنِيَّةٌ إِذا اِنتَفَضَ الخِم
سُending of 'five-day thirst' نِطافَdrops of الفَظيظِrumen-water أَيَّa mighty اِنتِفاضِshaking
سُ نِطافَ الفَظيظِ أَيَّ اِنتِفاضِ
A powerful she-camel, when five-day thirst shakes out
A she-ass difficult when the unkempt one rises,
the drops of rumen-water with a mighty shaking,
What rising by the one full of piercing cries!
وَأَوَتand withdrew بِلَّةُالكَظومِthe moisture of the digestive passages إِلىto الفَظْthe rumen (continued)
وَأَوَت بِلَّةُالكَظومِ إِلى الفَظْ
ظِending of 'the rumen' وَجالَتand shifted مَعاقِدُthe knots of الأَرباضِthe intestines
ظِ وَجالَت مَعاقِدُ الأَرباضِ
and the moisture of her passages withdraws to the rumen,
The mangy camel went to the broken land
and the knots of her intestines shift about.
And the camel-litters swayed.
مِثلُlike عَيرِa wild ass الفَلاةِthe desert شاخَسَmade gape فاهُhis mouth
مِثلُ عَيرِ الفَلاةِ شاخَسَ فاهُ
طولُlong duration of كَدمِnipping القَطاrumps وَطولُand long duration of العِضاضِbiting
طولُ كَدمِ القَطا وَطولُ العِضاضِ
Like a desert wild ass whose mouth gapes
Like a beast of the desert, long of mouth
from long nipping at rumps and much biting.
Like the arm of the wild cat and long of fang,
صُنتُعُprominent الحاجِبَينِin the two brows خَرَّطَهُpurged him البَقthe herbage (continued)
صُنتُعُ الحاجِبَينِ خَرَّطَهُ البَق
لُending of 'the herbage' بَدِيّاًearly on قَبلَbefore اِستِكاكِdense growth of الرِياضِthe meadows
لُ بَدِيّاً قَبلَ اِستِكاكِ الرِياضِ
Prominent-browed, purged by the herbage
Whose joined eyebrows cut furrows
early on, before the meadows grew dense.
In the plain before the irrigation canals were dug.
فَهوَso he is خِلوُempty of الأَعصالِthe bowels إِلّاexcept مِنَfor الماwater (continued)
فَهوَ خِلوُ الأَعصالِ إِلّا مِنَ الما
ءِending of 'water' وَمَلهودِand bruised بارِضٍyoung herbage ذيwith اِنهِياضِbreakage
ءِ وَمَلهودِ بارِضٍ ذي اِنهِياضِ
His bowels are empty save for water
So it is empty of vegetation except for water
and bruised young herbage, broken apart.
And waved about in a barren land prone to decay.
وَيَظَلُّand remains المَلِيَّa long while يوفيstands high عَلىupon القَرthe ridge (continued)
وَيَظَلُّ المَلِيَّ يوفي عَلى القَر
نِending of 'the ridge' عَذوباًwithout food or drink كَالحُرضَةِlike the lot-caster المُستَفاضِsummoned to draw lots
نِ عَذوباً كَالحُرضَةِ المُستَفاضِ
For a long while he stands high upon the ridge,
And the salty ground continues being sweet
taking neither food nor drink, like a summoned caster of lots.
Like a well-watered meadow.
يَرعَمُwatches الشَمسَthe sun أَنfor it to تَميلdecline بِمِثلwith something like الthe
يَرعَمُ الشَمسَ أَن تَميل بِمِثل ال
جَبءِshield جَأبٌa stout wild ass مُقَذَّفٌheavily packed بِالنِحاضِwith masses of flesh
جَبءِ جَأبٌ مُقَذَّفٌ بِالنِحاضِ
He watches for the sun to decline, with a face like a
The sun disdains to incline with the likes
shield—a stout wild ass, thickly packed with flesh.
Of the idiot, an idiot pelted with dung.
وَخَوِيِّand an empty tract سَهلٍlevel يُثيرُrouses بِهِtherein القَوthe people (continued)
وَخَوِيِّ سَهلٍ يُثيرُ بِهِ القَو
مُending of 'the people' رِباضاًresting herds لِلعَينِof wide-eyed wild cattle بَعدَafter رِباضِresting herds
مُ رِباضاً لِلعَينِ بَعدَ رِباضِ
And many an empty plain, where the people rouse
And the emptiness of a plain it disturbs,
one resting herd of wide-eyed wild cattle after another.
In which the tribe raises a campsite after one decayed.
وَقِلاصاًand young she-camels لَمdid not يَغذُهُنَّnourish them غَبوقٌevening milk
وَقِلاصاً لَم يَغذُهُنَّ غَبوقٌ
دائِماتِalways engaged in النَجيمِlow calling وَالإِنقاضِand clicking cries
دائِماتِ النَجيمِ وَالإِنقاضِ
And young she-camels nourished by no evening milk,
And huts that were not fed by continual rain
ever murmuring and clicking.
Everlasting, being taken down and rebuilt.
وَمَحاريجَand rough wastelands مِنof سِعارٍSiʿar وَغينٍand Ghayn
وَمَحاريجَ مِن سِعارٍ وَغينٍ
وَغَماليلِand tangled coverts مُدجَناتِdarkened الغِياضِgroves
وَغَماليلِ مُدجَناتِ الغِياضِ
And rough wastelands in Siʿar and Ghayn,
And caves of brushwood and rush
and tangled coverts, dark with thickets,
And bathing hollows made by hands long indicted to tillage.
مُلبَساتِclothed in القَتامِdust يُمسيat evening there is عَلَيهاupon them
مُلبَساتِ القَتامِ يُمسي عَلَيها
مِثلُlike ساجيthe settled دَواجِنِdark smoke-clouds of الحَرّاضِthe saltwort-burner
مِثلُ ساجي دَواجِنِ الحَرّاضِ
dust-cloaked; at evening there lies upon them
Clad in darkness they retire at night
something like the settled smoke-clouds of the saltwort-burner.
Like the nesting places of wild bustards.
فَتَرىthen you see الكُدرَdun sandgrouse فيon مَناكِبِهاtheir slopes الغُبdust-gray (continued)
فَتَرى الكُدرَ في مَناكِبِها الغُب
رِending of 'dust-gray' رَذاياexhausted مِنfrom بَعدِafter طولِlong duration of اِنقِضاضِplunging flight
رِ رَذايا مِن بَعدِ طولِ اِنقِضاضِ
Then you see the dun sandgrouse on their dusty slopes,
Thus you see the sediment on their shoulders,
lying spent after their long plunging flight,
Flakes from long accumulation and downfall.
كَبَقاياlike remnants of الثُوىdung نُبِذنَthey were cast aside مِنَsince الصَيsummer (continued)
كَبَقايا الثُوى نُبِذنَ مِنَ الصَي
فِending of 'summer' جُنوحاًlying to one side بِالجَرِّin the low ground ذيwith الرَضراضِpebbles
فِ جُنوحاً بِالجَرِّ ذي الرَضراضِ
like remnants of dung cast aside since summer,
Like remnants of adobe, cast away
lying to one side in the pebbly low ground,
From the sheepfold, broken pieces with cracks.
أَوor كَمَجلوحِlike a stripped جِعثِنِrootstock بَلَّةُmoisture of القَطthe rain (continued)
أَو كَمَجلوحِ جِعثِنِ بَلَّةُ القَط
رending of 'the rain' فَأَضحىso it became مُوَدِّسَleafy الأَعراضِon the sides
ر فَأَضحى مُوَدِّسَ الأَعراضِ
or like a stripped rootstock in the rain's moisture,
Or like a wounded carcass, the mangy
now leafy along its sides.
Camel has become consecrated ground.
قَدindeed تَجاوَزتُهاI crossed them بِهَضّاءَwith a mighty host كَالجَنَّlike the jinn (continued)
قَد تَجاوَزتُها بِهَضّاءَ كَالجَنَّ
ةِending of 'the jinn' يُخفونَthey muffle بَعضَsome of قَرعِthe rattling of الوِفاضِthe quivers
ةِ يُخفونَ بَعضَ قَرعِ الوِفاضِ
I crossed them with a mighty host like the jinn,
I have avoided them in favor of a garden
muffling some of the rattle of their quivers.
Whose keepers conceal some of its overflowing produce.
إِنَّناindeed we مَعثَرٌa people شَمائِلُناour traits الصَبsteadfastness (continued)
إِنَّنا مَعثَرٌ شَمائِلُنا الصَب
رُending of 'steadfastness' إِذاwhen الخَوفُfear مالَmade swerve بِالأَحفاضِthe baggage camels
رُ إِذا الخَوفُ مالَ بِالأَحفاضِ
We are a people whose nature is steadfastness
We are a people whose nature is forbearance
when fear makes the baggage camels swerve.
When fear touches those who attack in haste.
نُصُرٌchampions لِلذَليلِfor the lowly فيin نَدوَةِthe assembly of الحَيthe clan (continued)
نُصُرٌ لِلذَليلِ في نَدوَةِ الحَي
يِending of 'the clan' مَرائيبُmenders لِلثَأىof the injury المُنهاضِbroken open again
يِ مَرائيبُ لِلثَأى المُنهاضِ
Champions of the lowly in the clan's assembly,
A help to the lowly in the time of distress,
menders of wounds broken open again.
Dreaded by those who roam afar.
لَمnot يَفُتناescape us بِالوِترِwith an unavenged wrong قَومٌa people وَلِلضَيand as for humiliation (continued)
لَم يَفُتنا بِالوِترِ قَومٌ وَلِلضَي
مِending of 'humiliation' رِجالٌmen يَرضَونَare content بِالإِغماضِwith overlooking
مِ رِجالٌ يَرضَونَ بِالإِغماضِ
No people escaped us after doing us wrong; as for humiliation,
No people withheld their full measure from us,
there are men content to close their eyes to it.
Nor men who are content with pretended blindness.
فيهِمُamong them سَطوَةٌfierce might إِذاwhen الحِلمُforbearance لَمnot يُقbe accepted (continued)
فيهِمُ سَطوَةٌ إِذا الحِلمُ لَم يُق
بَلending of 'be accepted' وَفيهِمand among them تَجاوُزٌforgiveness وَتَغاضيand overlooking
بَل وَفيهِم تَجاوُزٌ وَتَغاضي
They strike hard when forbearance is not accepted,
Among them are violence, if patience is not shown,
yet they also pardon and overlook.
And among them are pardoning and overlooking.
مَنwhoever يَرُمseeks جَمعَهُمtheir host يَجدهُمfinds them مَراجيjudicious men (continued)
مَن يَرُم جَمعَهُم يَجدهُم مَراجي
حَending of 'judicious men' حُماةًprotectors لِلعُزَّلِof the unarmed الأَحراضِthe feeble
حَ حُماةً لِلعُزَّلِ الأَحراضِ
Whoever seeks their host will find men of sound judgment,
Whoever seeks to confront them will find them
protectors of the feeble and unarmed.
Protectors of the weak from every aggressor.
طَيِّبيwilling in أَنفُسٍheart إِذاwhen رَهِبواthey feared الغاthe raid (continued)
طَيِّبي أَنفُسٍ إِذا رَهِبوا الغا
رَةَending of 'the raid' نَمشيwe walk إِلىtoward الحُتوفِdeaths القَواضيdecisive
رَةَ نَمشي إِلى الحُتوفِ القَواضي
Willing at heart, when they fear the raid,
Good-natured folk when they dread
we walk toward deaths that deal the final blow.
Transgression, we walk to judges of renown.
فَسَلِso ask الناسَthe people إِنif جَهِلتَyou did not know وَإِنand if شِئwished (verb stem)
فَسَلِ الناسَ إِن جَهِلتَ وَإِن شِئ
تَyou (verb ending) فبَينَناthen between us وَبَينَكَand between you قاضيa judge
تَ فبَينَنا وَبَينَكَ قاضي
Ask the people if you do not know; and if you wish,
So ask the people, if you do not know,
there is a judge between us and you.
And if you wish, between us stands a judge.
هَلwhether عَدَتناpassed us by ظَعينَةٌa litter-borne woman تَطلُبُseeking العَزْprotection (continued)
هَل عَدَتنا ظَعينَةٌ تَطلُبُ العَزْ
زمِنَending of 'protection'; from الناسِthe people فيin الخُطوبِtroubles المَواضيof times past
زمِنَ الناسِ في الخُطوبِ المَواضي
Has a woman in her litter passed us by to seek protection
Have you deemed us a hostile tribe,
from people in the troubles of times past?
Seeking glory from men in times of distress?
كَمhow many عَدُوٍّan enemy لَناof ours قُراسِيَةِunyielding in العِزْmight (continued)
كَم عَدُوٍّ لَنا قُراسِيَةِ العِزْ
زِending of 'might' تَرَكناwe left لَحماًas flesh عَلىon أَوفاضِtrays
زِ تَرَكنا لَحماً عَلى أَوفاضِ
How many an enemy, unyielding in his might,
How many a foe, hardy and bold,
have we left as meat upon trays!
Whom we left as flesh on hooked poles!
وَجَلَبناand we drove إِلَيهِمُagainst them الخَيلَthe horses فَاِقتيso was exchanged (continued)
وَجَلَبنا إِلَيهِمُ الخَيلَ فَاِقتي
ضَending of 'was exchanged' حِماهُمtheir protected ground وَالحَربُand war ذاتُpossessing اِقتِياضِexchange of possession
ضَ حِماهُم وَالحَربُ ذاتُ اِقتِياضِ
We drove the horses against them, and took over
And we brought the horses back to them
their protected ground; war brings changes of possession.
When war, devourer of mankind, was kindled among them,
بِجِلادٍwith sword-fighting يَفريcleaves الشُؤونَthe skull's sutures وَطَعنٍand spear-thrusting
بِجِلادٍ يَفري الشُؤونَ وَطَعنٍ
مِثلِlike إيزاغِurine-spurting of شامِذاتِtail-raising المَخاضِpregnant she-camels
مِثلِ إيزاغِ شامِذاتِ المَخاضِ
With sword-strokes that cleave skull seams, and a spear-thrust
With courage which makes disasters recoil
like the urine-spurting of tail-raised pregnant camels,
And a thrust like the blow of a mare in labor,
ذيhaving فُروغٍgaping outlets يَظَلُّremains مِنfrom زَبَدِfoam of الجَوthe belly (continued)
ذي فُروغٍ يَظَلُّ مِن زَبَدِ الجَو
فِending of 'the belly' عَلَيهِupon it كَثامِرِlike the fruiting heads of الحُمّاضِsorrel
فِ عَلَيهِ كَثامِرِ الحُمّاضِ
with gaping outlets; foam from the belly remains
Flashing, with the spittle continuing
upon it, like the fruiting heads of sorrel.
On it like the fruit of myrobalan.
نَقَبَتstripped away عَنهُمُfrom them الحُروبُthe wars فَذاقواso they tasted
نَقَبَت عَنهُمُ الحُروبُ فَذاقوا
بَأسَthe might of مُستَأصِلِan uprooter of العِدىfoes مُبتاضِa destroyer
بَأسَ مُستَأصِلِ العِدى مُبتاضِ
Wars stripped them bare, and they tasted
War tried them, so they tasted
the might of an uprooter of foes, a destroyer.
The might of one who exterminates foes without relenting,
كُلُّevery مُستَأنِسٍone at ease إِلىwith المَوتِdeath قَدalready خاwaded (continued)
كُلُّ مُستَأنِسٍ إِلى المَوتِ قَد خا
ضَending of 'waded' إِلَيهِtoward it بِالسَيفِwith the sword كُلَّevery مَخاضِford
ضَ إِلَيهِ بِالسَيفِ كُلَّ مَخاضِ
Each man, at home with death, has waded
Every one devoted to death was laid low
toward it, sword in hand, through every ford.
By the sword, like the labor of every child bearing.
لاnot يَنيhe wearies يُخمِضُstrikes down العُدُوَّthe enemy وَذوand one possessing الخُلْfriendship (continued)
لا يَني يُخمِضُ العُدُوَّ وَذو الخُلْ
لَmiddle of 'friendship' ةِending of 'friendship' يُشفىis quenched صَداهُhis thirst بِالإِحماضِwith tart refreshment
لَ ةِ يُشفى صَداهُ بِالإِحماضِ
He never wearies of striking down the foe; a friend
It does not refrain from destroying the foe
has his thirst quenched with tart refreshment.
And the base one is cured by shedding his blood.
حينَwhen طابَتbecame pleasant شَرائِعُwatering-places of المَوتِdeath وَالمَوand death (continued)
حينَ طابَت شَرائِعُ المَوتِ وَالمَو
تُending of 'death' مِراراًoften يَكونُis عَذبَsweet in الحِياضِthe drinking-pools
تُ مِراراً يَكونُ عَذبَ الحِياضِ
When death's watering-places grew pleasant—and death
When the laws of death were made pleasant
often has sweet drinking-pools.
And death was made often delectably sweet.
بِاللَواتيon those mares that لَمnot يَترِكنَleave remaining عَقاقاًpregnancy
بِاللَواتي لَم يَترِكنَ عَقاقاً
وَالمَذاكيand seasoned steeds يَنهَضنَthey spring up أَيَّa mighty اِنتِهاضِrising
وَالمَذاكي يَنهَضنَ أَيَّ اِنتِهاضِ
On mares in which no pregnancy remained,
By the blades which left no limb unsevered
while seasoned steeds spring up with mighty vigor.
And the deadly strokes rising with any rising.
تِلكَthose are أَحسابُناour ancestral honors إِذاwhen اِحتَتَنَbecame equal الخَصthe contest (continued)
تِلكَ أَحسابُنا إِذا اِحتَتَنَ الخَص
لُending of 'the contest' وَمُدَّand was stretched المَدىthe range مَدىto the distance of الأَغراضِthe targets
لُ وَمُدَّ المَدى مَدى الأَغراضِ
Such are our ancestral honors when the contest is even,
Such are our ways when the fight grows hot
and the range is stretched to the targets' full distance.
And the period of inveterate hate grows long.
Claude 2 is inferred from the historical translator configuration. The original record does not identify its model.