ماnot كنتI was أولthe first عاشقlover بينamong الورىhumankind
ما كنت أول عاشق بين الورى
تبعfollowed العشيقةthe beloved woman منfrom أمامin front ومنand from وراbehind
تبع العشيقة من أمام ومن ورا
I was not the first lover among humankind
I was not the first lover among mankind
To follow his beloved before and behind,
To follow the beloved in front and from behind
ورأىand found البكاءweeping لهfor him معيناa helper شافياhealing
ورأى البكاء له معينا شافيا
يوماone day ويوماand another day أضحكmade laugh المستعبراthe tearful man
يوما ويوما أضحك المستعبرا
And find in weeping a healing helper
And saw weeping as a healing spring for him
One day, and on another make the tearful laugh.
One day and another, laughing through tears
ويكونand becomes مصروعstruck down by الغرامpassion مزبّباfoaming at the mouth
ويكون مصروع الغرام مزبّبا
متكسّساcontorting مستقبلاfacing forward مستدبراًturning backward
متكسّسا مستقبلا مستدبراً
One struck down by passion may foam at the mouth,
And becoming love-struck, distraught
Writhe, face forward, and turn backward,
Crouching, facing forward and back
ومحنبشاand gesticulating (sense uncertain) ومجّمشاًand fondling ومدهفشاand jostling
ومحنبشا ومجّمشاً ومدهفشا
ومكنّصاand wriggling (sense uncertain) ومزنجراand clamoring (sense uncertain) ومعنجراand swaggering
ومكنّصا ومزنجرا ومعنجرا
Gesture, fondle, and jostle,
Moaning, writhing, panting,
Wriggle, clamor, and swagger,
Contracting, screaming, howling,
ومرنمّاand humming ومغنّياand singing ومصفّراand whistling
ومرنمّا ومغنّيا ومصفّرا
ومشبباand singing love-songs ومطبلاand drumming ومزمراand piping
ومشببا ومطبلا ومزمرا
Hum, sing, and whistle,
Humming, singing, whistling,
Sing of love, drum, and pipe;
Murmuring, drumming, strumming,
وفيينةand at one moment متثائباًyawning متمّطياstretching
وفيينة متثائباً متمّطيا
وفيينةand at another moment متقاعساhanging back مقعنصراshrinking backward
وفيينة متقاعسا مقعنصرا
At one moment yawn and stretch,
Sometimes yawning, stretching,
At another hang back and shrink away.
Sometimes lazy, all crumpled up,
وإذاand when رأىhe sees رأياa judgment رشيداsound كانhe is فيin
وإذا رأى رأيا رشيدا كان في
إبرامهsettling it مترهئاhesitant متأخراlagging
إبرامه مترهئا متأخرا
And when he sees a sound course, he is, in
And if he saw a sensible view, he would be
Settling it, hesitant and slow.
Indecisive and late in implementing it
فالعشقfor love عقلhas fettered العقلreason عنfrom صيّورهits ultimate end
فالعشق عقل العقل عن صيّوره
حتىuntil يضلit strays عنfrom الصوابwhat is right ويبطراand becomes reckless
حتى يضل عن الصواب ويبطرا
For love has fettered reason from its proper end,
For love is the mind’s mind, which makes it
Till it strays from right judgment and runs wild.
Stray from what’s right and lose control
قدindeed كنتI used to أعْجبmarvel أنthat يقولواthey say شاعرa poet
قد كنت أعْجب أن يقولوا شاعر
ذوpossessed of جِنَّةmadness وأخالand I thought ذلكthat مفترىinvented
ذو جِنَّة وأخال ذلك مفترى
I used to marvel when they said, “A poet
I used to wonder when they said a poet
Is possessed,” and thought it an invention,
Had a Jinni, and I thought that a lie,
حتىuntil لَقِيتُI met صُوَيحْبيّmy two dear companions كليهماboth of them
حتى لَقِيتُ صُوَيحْبيّ كليهما
فإذاand lo هماthey both منfrom طينةclay قدalready صُوّراwere fashioned
فإذا هما من طينة قد صُوّرا
Until I met both my dear companions,
Until I met my two companions, and found
And found them fashioned from one clay.
That they were made of the same clay
خُلِقwas created الجمالbeauty لعينfor the eye of صبّa passionate lover جنّةa paradise
خُلِق الجمال لعين صبّ جنّة
ولقلبهand for his heart ناراa fire تزيدincreasing تسعّراin blazing
ولقلبه نارا تزيد تسعّرا
Beauty was made a paradise for a lover’s eye,
Beauty was created for the eye that pours out love
And for his heart a fire that burns ever fiercer.
And for its heart a fire that grows hotter
لاno غروwonder أنthat يغدوhe becomes لحمرةfrom the redness of وجهthe face of منthe one whom
لا غرو أن يغدو لحمرة وجه من
يهوىhe loves وقدand having حملborne الغرامpassion محمّراreddened
يهوى وقد حمل الغرام محمّرا
No wonder the redness of the face of the one
No wonder the cheeks of one who loves
He loves leaves him reddened, bearing passion’s load.
And carries passionate love turn red
ياO ليتwould that يغنيmight free from need المرءa man يوماa day واحداa single
يا ليت يغني المرء يوما واحدا
عنهنfor them منany شيءthing يباعsold ويشترىand bought
عنهن من شيء يباع ويشترى
Oh, that a man might be freed for one single day
Would that man could buy immunity one day
From needing them, by something bought and sold!
From them with something that can be sold and bought
ليتwould that الجمالbeauty لهنtheirs مثلlike الملحsalt فيin
ليت الجمال لهن مثل الملح في
قدرa cooking pot الطعامof food مهوَّعاnauseating إنif كثّراused excessively
قدر الطعام مهوَّعا إن كثّرا
Would that their beauty were like salt in
Would that their beauty for them were like salt in
A cooking pot—nauseating when overdone.
Food, made less tasty if too much
بلrather ليتهنwould that they خلقنhad been created اقبحthe ugliest ماwhat يرىis seen
بل ليتهن خلقن اقبح ما يرى
كيلاso that not نهيمwe wander lovesick تحيّراin bewilderment وتخيّراand in choosing
كيلا نهيم تحيّرا وتخيّرا
Rather, would that they had been made the ugliest sight,
Rather would that they were created uglier than what is seen
So we would not wander in bewilderment and choice.
So we wouldn’t crave, confused and unsure
ليتwould that الكواعبthe firm-breasted maidens كنthey were هُضْلاslack-breasted حبذاhow welcome الthe (continued)
ليت الكواعب كن هُضْلا حبذا ال
طرطبّpendulous breast معwith لاno ياO كباديmy aching liver منظراas a sight
طرطبّ مع لا يا كبادي منظرا
Would that firm-breasted girls were slack; how welcome the
Would that the beauties were ugly old hags - how excellent!
Pendulous breast would look, with no “O my poor liver!”
Deformed, not a lovely sight to behold
ياO ليتwould that ذيthis الهيفاءthe slender-waisted woman درْدحةshort and stout وذيand this الthe (continued)
يا ليت ذي الهيفاء درْدحة وذي ال
دهساءdusky-skinned woman فَلْحَسةsquat and ugly فيهنئناso might soothe us الكرىsleep
دهساء فَلْحَسة فيهنئنا الكرى
Oh, that this slender-waisted one were squat, and this
Would that the slender one were a camel, the plump one
Dusky one ugly, so sleep might soothe us.
A mule, so we could gloat in relief
ليتwould that العيونthe eyes النجلlarge and wide ضيقةnarrow وماand whatever
ليت العيون النجل ضيقة وما
فيin الثغرthe mouth منof درpearls نظيمstrung in order صُفَّراyellowed
في الثغر من در نظيم صُفَّرا
Would that wide eyes were narrow, and whatever
Would that the eyes were small, with nothing
Pearls are strung within the mouth were yellowed.
Of value strung in the mouth like yellow beads
ياO ليتwould that كانتwere كلevery ساقleg فعْمةfull-fleshed
يا ليت كانت كل ساق فعْمة
عودa stalk of الشُكاعيthe shukāʿā thistle بلrather أدقthinner وأضمراand leaner
عود الشُكاعي بل أدق وأضمرا
Oh, that every full-fleshed leg were
Would that each leg were a thick, crude stick
A shukāʿā stalk—nay, thinner and leaner still.
Finer and slimmer than the Arcadia reed
ياO ليتwould that لمnot يَصلُتbe broad and smooth جبينa forehead فوقهabove it
يا ليت لم يَصلُت جبين فوقه
شعرhair كلَيْلlike night كلevery غِرٍguileless man غرراbeguiled
شعر كلَيْل كل غِرٍ غررا
Oh, that no broad, smooth brow appeared, with above it
Would that no sleek hair covered the temples above
Hair like night that beguiled every guileless man.
Black locks like the darkest night
ياO ليتwould that ماwhat فيin الجيدthe neck منof عَنَطstately length بداappeared
يا ليت ما في الجيد من عَنَط بدا
وقصاshort-neckedness لأعينناto our eyes وشيّاًa pattern منكراrepellent
وقصا لأعيننا وشيّاً منكرا
Oh, that the neck’s stately length appeared
Would that what’s on the cheek weren’t soft down
Stunted to our eyes, a repellent pattern.
Apparent there, marring the sight
والحسنand the fine thing أنthat القبحugliness أحسنbetter ملمحاto behold
والحسن أن القبح أحسن ملمحا
إذsince ليسnot يبكيmakes weep العينthe eye ماwhat منهof it يُرىis seen
إذ ليس يبكي العين ما منه يُرى
The beauty is that ugliness is better to behold,
And beauty is that ugliness has a nicer look
Since seeing it does not make the eye weep.
Since no eye sheds tears over what it sees
فلأيّand for what داعٍreason كانwas شغلthe preoccupation of عقولناour minds
فلأيّ داعٍ كان شغل عقولنا
وقلوبناand our hearts بهوىwith love of الوثائرsoft-fleshed women أكثراso much
وقلوبنا بهوى الوثائر أكثرا
For what reason, then, are our minds
Why, then, did our minds and hearts busy themselves
And hearts so much occupied by love of soft-fleshed women?
With passionate love for them the most?
ولمَand why اختُصصنwere they singled out بكلwith every علقprecious object مضنّةjealously treasured
ولمَ اختُصصن بكل علق مضنّة
وبكلand with every حليornament فاخرsplendid دونto the exclusion of الورىhumankind
وبكل حلي فاخر دون الورى
Why were they singled out for every treasured rarity
Why were they singled out to captivate all hearts
And every splendid jewel, above all others?
And adorn themselves above all other women?
وبمَand by what ارتفعنdid they rise علىabove الرجالmen تطاولاًhaughtily
وبمَ ارتفعن على الرجال تطاولاً
ولهنّwhile theirs is تحتُbelow تقدماadvancing وتأخراand retreating
ولهنّ تحتُ تقدما وتأخرا
By what did they rise so haughtily above men,
Why did they rise above men in arrogance
Though their place is below, in advance and retreat?
When they lead and when they follow?
والىand until مَwhen تصطبرwill patiently endure الفحولthe stallions وقدand already طغتhave exceeded bounds
والى مَ تصطبر الفحول وقد طغت
أفعالهنَّtheir deeds تحيّرbewilder المتصبراthe patient man
أفعالهنَّ تحيّر المتصبرا
How long will stallions endure, when beyond all bounds
How can warriors have patience when their
Their deeds have gone, bewildering even the patient?
Deeds have baffled even the steadfast?
مناfrom us خرجنthey came forth وعقلناand our reason يخرجنthey drive out إذwhen
منا خرجن وعقلنا يخرجن إذ
يدخلنthey enter أوor يخرجنthey leave سفّهdeem foolish منwhoever مرىdisputes
يدخلن أو يخرجن سفّه من مرى
From us they came, yet drive out our reason when
We created them, yet they control our minds
They enter or leave—call whoever disputes this a fool.
Whether they enter or leave, they madden the sane
ولأيand for what شيءreason لمnot يكنwas there قودblood-retribution علىagainst
ولأي شيء لم يكن قود على
منthe woman whose لحظهاher glance قلبthe heart of المتيمthe enslaved lover قدhas فرىtorn
من لحظها قلب المتيم قد فرى
And why is blood-retribution not exacted from
Why was there no punishment for whoever
Her whose glance has torn the enslaved lover’s heart?
Made the lovesick heart elope in passion?
ولأيand for what شيءreason حلwas permitted رشفsipping الريقsaliva منfrom
ولأي شيء حل رشف الريق من
ثغرthe mouth of الرشوفthe sweet-mouthed woman وكانand was ذلكthat مسكراintoxicating
ثغر الرشوف وكان ذلك مسكرا
And why is sipping saliva permitted from
Why did the saliva of the sweet lips
The sweet-mouthed woman’s lips, when it intoxicates?
Intoxicate as it flowed like wine?
وعلىand on مَwhat grounds تعتزlords herself الشنِاطthe tall woman (sense uncertain) علىover شجa sorrowing man
وعلى مَ تعتز الشنِاط على شج
يمسيhe spends the evening ويصبحand greets the morning بالغرامby passion محسراexhausted
يمسي ويصبح بالغرام محسرا
And why does the tall woman lord it over a grieving man
Why do curls take pride in a cheek
Who morn and eve is worn out with passion?
That wakes and sleeps consumed with love?
سلهاask her هلwhether التنورthe oven فارboiled over كماas انبغىit should
سلها هل التنور فار كما انبغى
فيin كلevery شهرmonth أمor تأخرwas delayed اشهراfor months
في كل شهر أم تأخر اشهرا
Ask her: has the oven boiled over as it should
Ask her if the bread oven rose well enough
Each month, or has it been delayed for months?
Every month or was late for months
أينwhere are المعاليlofty deeds والمكارمand noble virtues أينwhere is منhe who
أين المعالي والمكارم أين من
فخرboasted above الأنامmankind بعزّهin his might وتجبراand acted haughtily
فخر الأنام بعزّه وتجبرا
Where are lofty deeds and noble virtues? Where is he who
Where is the glory and generosity, where are those
Boasted above mankind in his might and arrogance?
The nation took pride in for their might and defiance?
يقتادهleads him اسمthe name of الخودthe fair maiden إنif ذكرتshe is mentioned لهto him
يقتاده اسم الخود إن ذكرت له
طوعاًwillingly وكرهاand unwillingly وهوwhile he يهزمrouts عسكراan army
طوعاً وكرها وهو يهزم عسكرا
A fair maiden’s name leads him when she is mentioned,
He is led by the name of a mole if she mentions it
Willing or unwilling, though he routs an army.
Willingly or not, and he defeats armies
وإذاand if تجشأbelched ساعةfor a moment فيin وجههhis face
وإذا تجشأ ساعة في وجهه
منfrom أيany سمّorifice قالhe says أنشيI smell عنبراambergris
من أي سمّ قال أنشي عنبرا
And if a belch should come into his face
And if she frown for an instant at his face
From any opening, he says, “I smell ambergris!”
He asks, did ambergris turn foul?
ولربماand often عشقfalls in love الكبيرthe great man فجُنّand goes mad منfrom
ولربما عشق الكبير فجُنّ من
ريحwind منfrom الحسناءthe beautiful woman تفعمfilling منخراa nostril
ريح من الحسناء تفعم منخرا
Often a great man falls in love and goes mad from
And the prominent man may fall madly in love
A beauty’s wind filling his nostril.
From a whiff of scent from the beauty’s nostrils
ولوand if انthat ذاthe possessor of القرنينthe two horns جاريmatched كيدهاher cunning
ولو ان ذا القرنين جاري كيدها
لرأىhe would have found إلىalongside قرنيهhis two horns قرناa horn آخراanother
لرأى إلى قرنيه قرنا آخرا
Had Dhū al-Qarnayn matched her cunning,
And if the great Alexander contended with her wiles
He would have found another horn beside his two.
He would see a second pair of horns on his head
لولاwere it not for النساءwomen لماwould not رأيتyou see مخطّأone judged mistaken
لولا النساء لما رأيت مخطّأ
ومسفّهاand deemed foolish ومفسقاand branded wicked ومفجّراand branded debauched
ومسفّها ومفسقا ومفجّرا
Were it not for women, you would see no one judged mistaken,
Were it not for women, I would not have seen
Or deemed foolish, branded wicked, or branded debauched,
One err, or foolish, corrupt, or decadent,
ومفلسّاand bankrupted ومجبَّهاand rebuffed ومُعنّناand made impotent
ومفلسّا ومجبَّها ومُعنّنا
ومكشخناand cuckolded ومجرّساand publicly disgraced ومعزّراand chastised
ومكشخنا ومجرّسا ومعزّرا
Or bankrupted, rebuffed, or made impotent,
Or bankrupt, or obtuse, or too delicate,
Or cuckolded, paraded in disgrace, or chastised,
Or ostentatious, or vulgar, or indecent,
ومتيماand love-enslaved ومهيماand love-maddened ومسهماand wasted away
ومتيما ومهيما ومسهما
ومدّمماand vilified ومذّمماand censured ومشّهراand publicly shamed
ومدّمما ومذّمما ومشّهرا
Or love-enslaved, love-maddened, or wasted away,
Or obsessed, or crazy, or raving,
Or vilified, censured, or publicly shamed.
Or faultfinding, or critical, or suspicious,
ولماand would not تناثرتhave scattered الجماجمthe skulls فيin الوغىbattle
ولما تناثرت الجماجم في الوغى
تحتbeneath السنابكthe hooves وهيwhile they توريstrike sparks from المغفراthe mail-helmet
تحت السنابك وهي توري المغفرا
Nor would skulls have scattered on the battlefield
Nor would skulls have been scattered in battles
Beneath hooves striking sparks from mail-helmets.
As swords revealed what the turbans covered
ولماand would not عفتhave vanished دولstates بهنّwith them لهَتdallied فبيthen night-assailed…
ولما عفت دول بهنّ لهَت فبي
يتها…them (completes preceding verb) الدمارdestruction فأصبحتand became تحتbeneath الثرىthe soil
يتها الدمار فأصبحت تحت الثرى
Nor would states that dallied with them have been effaced,
Were it not for them, nations that shone
Destruction striking them by night, leaving them beneath the earth.
Like stars would not have fallen into ruin
أمْلتdictated عليّto me حوادثthe fortunes of الأممthe nations التيthat
أمْلت عليّ حوادث الأمم التي
غبرتhave passed away فقلتso I spoke مقالthe words of منone who قدhad حرّراexamined carefully
غبرت فقلت مقال من قد حرّرا
The fortunes of nations dictated to me, nations that
When misfortunes befell nations and erased them
Have passed away; so I spoke as one who had examined them.
I spoke words that had been recorded:
ياO ربLord قدindeed فتنhave bewitched النساءwomen عقولناour minds
يا رب قد فتن النساء عقولنا
فامسحso efface محاسنهنtheir beauties قبحاinto ugliness يزدرىthat is despised
فامسح محاسنهن قبحا يزدرى
O Lord, women have bewitched our minds;
O Lord, women have seduced our minds,
Efface their charms with despised ugliness.
So erase their beauty that is scorned,
أوor فاجعلنthen surely place غشاوةa veil تغشىthat covers علىover
أو فاجعلن غشاوة تغشى على
أبصارناour eyes أوْor لاnot فأعمthen blind المُبصِراthe sighted one
أبصارنا أوْ لا فأعم المُبصِرا
Or lay a veil that falls upon
Or cast a blindness over our vision,
Our eyes—or else blind whoever sees.
Or blind the seeing eye entirely,
أوor فانصُناthen geld us أوor فابصُناthen castrate us أوor فالصِناthen unman us
أو فانصُنا أو فابصُنا أو فالصِنا
أوor فاخصِناthen castrate us طبعاby nature بصاءcastration بالحرىrather
أو فاخصِنا طبعا بصاء بالحرى
Or geld us, or castrate us, or unman us,
Or guide us or enlighten us or save us,
Or make us eunuchs by nature—castration, rather!
Or distinguish us by nature, clearly.