بدتhave appeared لجفونكbefore your eyelids العبرlessons
بدت لجفونك العبر
ولاyet no فكرthought ولاand no نظرreflection
ولا فكر ولا نظر
Lessons have appeared before your eyes,
yet there is neither thought nor reflection.
وأنذرتand was warned النّهيreason فصممbut grew deaf (continued)
وأنذرت النّهي فصمم
تyou (verb ending) عماto what ألفتset forth النّذرthe warnings
ت عما ألفت النّذر
And reason was warned, but you grew deaf
to what the warnings had set forth.
ولمand did not تحفلheed بأحقابlong spans of time
ولم تحفل بأحقاب
لكallotted to you الأيامthe days والعصرand time
لك الأيام والعصر
You took no heed of the long spans
of days and time allotted you.
وأهملتand you squandered الصّباyouth سفهاًfoolishly
وأهملت الصّبا سفهاً
فهذاso here is الشيبgray hair والكبرand old age
فهذا الشيب والكبر
You squandered youth in foolishness:
now here are gray hair and old age.
تطيلyou prolong مناكyour hopes مجتهداًstriving hard
تطيل مناك مجتهداً
وعمركand your lifespan خانهhas betrayed it القصرshortness
وعمرك خانه القصر
You labor to prolong your hopes,
though shortness has betrayed your lifespan.
وتعطيand you offer أيُّهاO المغروthe deluded one (first part)
وتعطي أيُّها المغرو
رcompletion of 'the deluded one' منof عصيانهاdisobeying it غررchoice examples
ر من عصيانها غرر
And you offer, O deluded
one, choice examples of disobeying it;
وتجحدand you deny فضلthe bounty of منHim whom شهدتhave attested
وتجحد فضل من شهدت
لهto Him الآصالthe evenings والبكرand the early mornings
له الآصال والبكر
and deny the bounty of Him
to whom evenings and early mornings bear witness.
وفيهand in Him شواهدproofs of التّوحيdivine unity (first part)
وفيه شواهد التّوحي
دcompletion of 'divine unity' بيّنةٌclear ولاyet no بصرsight
د بيّنةٌ ولا بصر
And in Him the proofs of divine unity
are plain, yet there is no sight.
تعالىexalted is ملكthe sovereignty of منHim who خضعتhave bowed
تعالى ملك من خضعت
لهto Him الأرواحُthe spirits والصورand the forms
له الأرواحُ والصور
Exalted is the sovereignty of Him to whom
spirits and forms bow down;
ومنand Him who نطقتhave proclaimed بفطرتهHis act of creation
ومن نطقت بفطرته
يقيناًwith certainty هذهthese الفطرinnate natures
يقيناً هذه الفطر
and Him whose act of creation
these innate natures surely proclaim.
إلهُa God ليسnot يلحقafflicts ملdominion (first part)
إلهُ ليس يلحق مل
كَهُHis dominion (completion) نقصٌdeficiency ولاand no غيرchange
كَهُ نقصٌ ولا غير
A God whose dominion is untouched
by any deficiency or change;
وربٌand a Lord لاnot تحومhover علىover
وربٌ لا تحوم على
سوىanything but آياتهHis signs الفكرthoughts
سوى آياته الفكر
a Lord: thoughts do not hover
over anything but His signs.
فلمthus none ينكرhas denied أدلَّّتهHis proofs
فلم ينكر أدلَّّته
صحيحsound العقلof mind مُدَّكِرُmindful
صحيح العقل مُدَّكِرُ
Thus none has denied His proofs
who is sound of mind and mindful;
ولمand has not ينسبascribed إلىto أحدanyone
ولم ينسب إلى أحد
سواهother than Him النَّفعbenefit والضَّررand harm
سواه النَّفع والضَّرر
nor ascribed to anyone
but Him either benefit or harm.
لهHe has منfrom خلقهHis creation حججproofs
له من خلقه حجج
وفيand in تصريفهمHis ordering of them عبرlessons
وفي تصريفهم عبر
He has proofs in His creation,
and in His ordering of them are lessons.
غنّيself-sufficient لاno افتقارneed لهfor Him
غنّي لا افتقار له
ونحنand we إليهof Him نفتقرare in need
ونحن إليه نفتقر
Self-sufficient, He has no need,
while we stand in need of Him.
فسبحانso glory be to اللطيفthe Gentle One بناtoward us
فسبحان اللطيف بنا
وبأسwhile the fury of الخطبcalamity منتشرis widespread
وبأس الخطب منتشر
So glory be to Him who is gentle with us,
while the fury of calamity spreads;
وسبحانand glory be to الذيHim who يُعصىis disobeyed
وسبحان الذي يُعصى
فيعفوyet pardons وهوwhile He مقتدرis fully powerful
فيعفو وهو مقتدر
and glory be to Him who is disobeyed,
yet pardons, though fully powerful.
لهHe has فيin كلevery شارقةsunrise
له في كل شارقة
أيادٍfavors ليسnot تنحصرcan be counted
أيادٍ ليس تنحصر
At every sunrise He has
favors beyond all reckoning.
وهلand can تخفىbe hidden وقدwhen already وَضُحَتthey have become clear
وهل تخفى وقد وَضُحَت
لهاtheir بوجوهناon our faces غُررbright forehead-marks
لها بوجوهنا غُرر
Can they be hidden, when so clear
are their bright marks upon our faces?
رياضُthe gardens of المنِّbounty باسقةٌtowering high
رياضُ المنِّ باسقةٌ
ففيهاand in them الظلshade والثمرand fruit
ففيها الظل والثمر
The gardens of bounty tower high,
and in them are shade and fruit.
وخيرand the best of جميعهاall of them أثراًin effect
وخير جميعها أثراً
إذاwhen ماindeed (emphatic) عدَّتare counted الخِيَرُgood things
إذا ما عدَّت الخِيَرُ
The best of all in its effects,
when good things are counted,
إمامُan imam يأمُرُwho commands الدنياthe world
إمامُ يأمُرُ الدنيا
بطاعتهto obey him فتأتمرand it obeys
بطاعته فتأتمر
is an imam who commands the world
to obey him, and it obeys.
إلىto المنصورal-Mansur منتسبrelated by lineage
إلى المنصور منتسب
وبالرحمنand through the All-Merciful منتصرvictorious
وبالرحمن منتصر
He traces his lineage to al-Mansur,
and wins victory through the All-Merciful.
شديدfirm شكائمin the bridles of العزماتresolves
شديد شكائم العزمات
ساعةat the hour when تضعفُweaken المررtwisted cords
ساعة تضعفُ المرر
Firm are the bridles of his resolves
when tightly twisted cords grow weak.
إذاwhenever ماindeed (emphatic) ناظرهone confronts him
إذا ما ناظره
تكادalmost الأرضthe earth تنفطرsplits apart
تكاد الأرض تنفطر
Whenever someone confronts him,
the earth all but splits apart.
هوhe الدُّنياworldly life لناfor us والدِّينand religion
هو الدُّنيا لنا والدِّين
وهوand he الصَّحوclear weather والمطرand rain
وهو الصَّحو والمطر
He is our worldly life and our religion;
he is clear weather and rain.
لهhe has منfrom بأسهhis valor عددarmaments
له من بأسه عدد
ومنand from عزماتهhis resolves نفرtroops
ومن عزماته نفر
His valor furnishes his armaments,
and his resolves his troops.
فإنso if يصبحhe becomes خليفتناour caliph
فإن يصبح خليفتنا
فنعمthen excellent is الركنthe pillar والوزرand the refuge
فنعم الركن والوزر
If he becomes our caliph,
what an excellent pillar and refuge!
وإنand if نصبحwe become رعيتهhis subjects
وإن نصبح رعيته
فسعدthen good fortune ساقهhas brought it القدرdestiny
فسعد ساقه القدر
And if we become his subjects,
that is good fortune brought by destiny.
سمعناwe heard ثمthen أبصرناwe saw
سمعنا ثم أبصرنا
فطابand pleasant were الخُبرُfirsthand experience والخَبَرُand report
فطاب الخُبرُ والخَبَرُ
We heard, and then we saw:
sweet were firsthand experience and report.
وردناwe came to drink نحوtoward نائلهhis bounty
وردنا نحو نائله
فلذَّand sweet were الوردthe arrival at water والصدرand the departure
فلذَّ الورد والصدر
We came to the waters of his bounty,
and sweet were the arrival and departure.
فقدfor indeed أغنىhe enriched الورىall people فضلاًthrough bounty
فقد أغنى الورى فضلاً
فأثرىso grew wealthy البدوthe desert folk والحضرand the townsfolk
فأثرى البدو والحضر
He has enriched all people through bounty:
desert folk and townsfolk have grown wealthy.
وقدand indeed وسعhe encompassed الورىall people عدلاًwith justice
وقد وسع الورى عدلاً
فلاso no حذرfear ولاand no ضررharm
فلا حذر ولا ضرر
His justice has encompassed all people,
so there is neither fear nor harm.
وفاقand he surpassed النّاسall people قاطبةًwithout exception
وفاق النّاس قاطبةً
فلمso no يعدلwas reckoned equal بهto him بشرmortal
فلم يعدل به بشر
He has surpassed all people without exception:
no mortal has been reckoned his equal.
وكيفand how يحيفcould act unjustly ملتزمone committed
وكيف يحيف ملتزم
لماto what جاءتhave come بهwith it السُّورthe surahs
لما جاءت به السُّور
How could one deal unjustly who adheres
to what the surahs have brought?
يروحgo forth at evening اللَّيثthe lion والأروىand the mountain-goats
يروح اللَّيث والأروى
وتعدand run (reading uncertain) والشاةand the sheep والنَّمِرُand the leopard
وتعد والشاة والنَّمِرُ
The lion and mountain-goats go forth at evening,
and the sheep and leopard run.
تحلتhas adorned herself with يمنهhis blessing الدنياthe world
تحلت يمنه الدنيا
فلمand no يعزبeluded لهاher وطرdesire
فلم يعزب لها وطر
The world has adorned itself with his blessing,
and no desire has eluded it.
فكلُّso all بلادهاher lands زهرblossoms
فكلُّ بلادها زهر
وكلُّand all زمانهاher time سحرthe predawn hour
وكلُّ زمانها سحر
All its lands are blossoms,
and all its time is the hour before dawn.
لهhe has جودٌgenerosity كأنas though البحرthe sea
له جودٌ كأن البحر
تطفوfloat فوقهupon it الدُّررpearls
تطفو فوقه الدُّرر
His bounty is as though the sea
had pearls floating upon it.
وحِلمٌand forbearance هلhave رأيتyou seen الطَّوthe mighty mountain (first part)
وحِلمٌ هل رأيت الطَّو
دcompletion of 'the mighty mountain' لاno ريحwind ولاand no قترdust
د لا ريح ولا قتر
And his forbearance—have you seen the mountain
with neither wind nor dust?
وبأسٌand valor هلhave لمحتyou glimpsed النَّارthe fire
وبأسٌ هل لمحت النَّار
لاnot تبقىdoes it spare ولاand not تذرdoes it leave
لا تبقى ولا تذر
And his valor—have you glimpsed the fire
that spares nothing and leaves nothing?
سيكفيهwill suffice him against العداthe enemies ظفرa victory
سيكفيه العدا ظفر
بظهرin the recesses of الغيبthe unseen مدَّخرstored up
بظهر الغيب مدَّخر
A victory will suffice him against his foes,
stored up in the unseen realm;
وأدعيةٌand prayers تؤكدهاconfirm them
وأدعيةٌ تؤكدها
دموعtears of العينthe eye والسهرand wakefulness
دموع العين والسهر
and prayers made firm
by tears of the eyes and sleepless nights;
وطائفةٌand a band موحدةٌprofessing divine unity
وطائفةٌ موحدةٌ
لنصرto champion الحَقِّthe truth تبتدرhastens
لنصر الحَقِّ تبتدر
and a band professing divine unity,
hastening to champion the truth.
فقدfor indeed وثقتit is confident بأنَّthat الفتvictory (first part)
فقد وثقت بأنَّ الفت
حcompletion of 'victory' فيover الأعداءthe enemies منتظرis awaited
ح في الأعداء منتظر
For it is confident that victory
over the enemy is in store.
فلمso no يعرضhas assailed لهاit فشلfaltering
فلم يعرض لها فشل
ولمand no يقعدhas held back بهاit خورweakness
ولم يقعد بها خور
No faltering has assailed it,
and no weakness has held it back.
لهاit has منfrom سمرهاits brown lances شجرtrees
لها من سمرها شجر
ومنand from راياتهاits banners زهرflowers
ومن راياتها زهر
Its brown lances make its trees,
and its banners its flowers.
إذاwhen ركبواthey mount حسبتyou would think البحthe sea (first part)
إذا ركبوا حسبت البح
رcompletion of 'the sea' فوقupon البحرthe sea ينهمرpours down
ر فوق البحر ينهمر
When they mount, you would think the sea
was pouring down upon the sea.
وإنand if حملواthey charge ظننتyou would think النَّاthe fire (first part)
وإن حملوا ظننت النَّا
رcompletion of 'the fire' تحتbeneath الرِّيحthe wind تستعرblazes
ر تحت الرِّيح تستعر
And when they charge, you would think fire
was blazing beneath the wind.
كأنas though قتامهمtheir battle-dust سُحُبٌclouds
كأن قتامهم سُحُبٌ
وفيهاand within them الشُّهبshooting stars تنكدرcome plunging down
وفيها الشُّهب تنكدر
Their battle-dust is as though it were clouds,
and within them shooting stars plunge down.
كماةٌarmored warriors خيرةchoice men نجبnoble men
كماةٌ خيرة نجب
حماةٌprotectors ذادةٌdefenders صُبُرُsteadfast men
حماةٌ ذادةٌ صُبُرُ
Armored warriors, choice and noble men,
protectors, defenders, steadfast men.
أمامَهُمُbefore them إمامُهُمُtheir imam
أمامَهُمُ إمامُهُمُ
وحسبكمand enough for you فنقتصرso we shall be brief
وحسبكم فنقتصر
Before them stands their imam:
let that suffice you; we shall say no more.
وكيفand how تضلcould go astray طائفةٌa band
وكيف تضل طائفةٌ
يسيرtravels أمامهاbefore it القمرthe moon
يسير أمامها القمر
How could a band go astray
when the moon travels before it?
تَقَدَّمُهُمgoes before them بَسَالَتُهُhis valor
تَقَدَّمُهُم بَسَالَتُهُ
وفيهاand within it البيضwhite swords والسمرand brown lances
وفيها البيض والسمر
His valor goes before them,
and in it are white swords and brown lances.
وتكنفهمand surrounds them سعادتهُhis good fortune
وتكنفهم سعادتهُ
فلاso no خوفfear ولاand no خَوَرُweakness
فلا خوف ولا خَوَرُ
His good fortune surrounds them,
so there is neither fear nor weakness.
فلاso do not تحذرfear أعاديهhis enemies
فلا تحذر أعاديه
فهمfor they لسيوفهfor his swords جزرslaughter-beasts
فهم لسيوفه جزر
Do not fear his enemies:
they are slaughter-beasts for his swords.
ولاand do not ترهبdread مناوئهhis opponent
ولا ترهب مناوئه
وإنeven if أملىgrants respite لهto him البطرarrogance
وإن أملى له البطر
Nor dread his opponent,
even if arrogance grants him respite.
إذاwhen سيمتare appraised رقاقslender blades of الهندIndia
إذا سيمت رقاق الهند
لمnot تعدلare reckoned equal بهاto them الإِبرneedles
لم تعدل بها الإِبر
When India's slender blades are appraised,
needles are not reckoned their equals.
وإنand if زأرتroar ليوثthe lions of الغيلthe thickets
وإن زأرت ليوث الغيل
لمnot تثبتstand firm لهاagainst them الحمرasses
لم تثبت لها الحمر
And when the lions of the thickets roar,
asses cannot stand against them.
فياso O منone whom غرَّهhas deceived him ناظرهhis eye
فيا من غرَّه ناظره
جهامrainless clouds مالهاthey have no مطرrain
جهام مالها مطر
O you whom your own eye has deceived—
rainless clouds, with no rain in them!
أفقawake فاللَّيثfor the lion مطّلعis looming
أفق فاللَّيث مطّلع
عليكover you وأنتwhile you منتظرare waiting
عليك وأنت منتظر
Awake! The lion is looming
over you, while you wait.
أغرّكhas ... deceived you? حلمهhis forbearance زمناًfor a time
أغرّك حلمه زمناً
ستعلمyou will know حينwhen تختبرyou test
ستعلم حين تختبر
Has his forbearance deceived you for a time?
You will know when you put it to the test.
يلينis soft الغمدthe sheath تلمسهyou touch it
يلين الغمد تلمسه
وفيهand inside it الصَّارمthe keen blade الذَّكرthe hard-tempered one
وفيه الصَّارم الذَّكر
The sheath is soft when you touch it,
yet within it is the keen, hard-tempered blade.
كذاكlikewise النارfire ساكنةstill
كذاك النار ساكنة
وتحتand beneath سكونهاits stillness الشَّررsparks
وتحت سكونها الشَّرر
So too the fire is still,
with sparks beneath its stillness.
كأنيas though I عنabout (unclear here; possibly 'if') عرضتyou confront لهhim
كأني عن عرضت له
ولاand no عينvisible presence ولاand no أثرtrace
ولا عين ولا أثر
I seem to see you—[if] you confront him—
with neither visible presence nor trace remaining.
فبادرso hasten to بابthe gate of منone who يعفوpardons
فبادر باب من يعفو
لمنwhoever يهفوerrs فيعتذرthen apologizes
لمن يهفو فيعتذر
So hasten to the gate of one who pardons
whoever errs and then apologizes.
وأيقنand be certain أنthat أمرthe decree of اللّGod (first part)
وأيقن أن أمر اللّ
هcompletion of 'God' عقدa necklace ليسdoes not ينتثرfall apart
ه عقد ليس ينتثر
And know for certain that God's decree
is a necklace that will not fall apart.
وسوفand you shall تنالreceive ماwhat يجنيbrings
وسوف تنال ما يجني
عليكupon you الغَدرtreachery ياO غَدِرُtreacherous one
عليك الغَدر يا غَدِرُ
You shall receive what treachery brings
upon you, O treacherous one!
تذكّرremember ماwhat الذيit was that انقلبتreturned
تذكّر ما الذي انقلبت
بهwith it أشباهكyour counterparts الآخرthe others
به أشباهك الآخر
Remember what it was
your other counterparts came back with.
خليفتناour caliph هوhe المنصورal-Mansur
خليفتنا هو المنصور
فاحتفلواso muster your strength أوor احتضرواmeet your death
فاحتفلوا أو احتضروا
Our caliph is al-Mansur;
so muster your strength, or meet your death.
سيعلوwill rise الصَّفوthe pure مرتفعاًaloft
سيعلو الصَّفو مرتفعاً
ويسفلand will sink تحتهbeneath it الكدرthe dregs
ويسفل تحته الكدر
The pure will rise aloft,
and the dregs will sink beneath it.
ومنand whoever كانis الهدىguidance معهwith him
ومن كان الهدى معه
فمضمونthen assured لهfor him الظَّفرvictory
فمضمون له الظَّفر
And whoever has guidance with him
is assured of victory.