إِنَّindeed أُوليthose possessing العِلمِknowledge بِماof what فيin الفِتَنtrials
إِنَّ أُولي العِلمِ بِما في الفِتَن
تَهَيَّبوهاhave dreaded them مِنsince قَديمِancient الزَمَنtime
تَهَيَّبوها مِن قَديمِ الزَمَن
Those versed in the trials and their ways
Indeed, those who know what trials hold
have feared them since ancient times.
have dreaded them since times of old.
فَاستَعصَمواso they sought the protection of اللَهَGod وَكانَand was التُقىpiety
فَاستَعصَموا اللَهَ وَكانَ التُقى
أَوفىmore complete لَهُمfor them فيهاin them مِنَthan اَوفىthe most complete الجُنَنshields
أَوفى لَهُم فيها مِنَ اَوفى الجُنَن
They sought God’s protection, and piety proved
So they sought refuge in God, and piety was
a surer shield for them than the strongest armor.
more protective for them amid those trials than the strongest shields.
وَاِجتَمَعواand they united فيin حُسنِthe goodness of تَوفيقِهِHis granting of success
وَاِجتَمَعوا في حُسنِ تَوفيقِهِ
وَاِفتَرَقواand they went separate ways فيin كُلِّevery سَعيٍendeavor حَسَنgood
وَاِفتَرَقوا في كُلِّ سَعيٍ حَسَن
They were united by the grace of His guidance,
And they were united in His gracious guidance,
yet each pursued a different worthy endeavor.
and went their separate ways in every worthy endeavor.
فَعالِمٌso, a scholar مُستَمجِدٌseeking honor عامِلٌputting learning into practice
فَعالِمٌ مُستَمجِدٌ عامِلٌ
يَسلُكُproceeds بِالناسِwith the people سَواءَthe straight course of السُنَنthe paths
يَسلُكُ بِالناسِ سَواءَ السُنَن
One is a learned man, aspiring to honor and acting on his knowledge,
Thus one is a scholar, seeking honor and putting learning into practice,
who leads the people along the straight paths of the Prophetic way.
who leads people along the straight paths.
يَنثُرُscatters مِنfrom فيهِhis mouth لَهُمfor them جَوهَراًjewels
يَنثُرُ مِن فيهِ لَهُم جَوهَراً
مِنfrom عِلمِهِhis knowledge لَيسَthere is not لَهُfor it مِنany ثَمَنprice
مِن عِلمِهِ لَيسَ لَهُ مِن ثَمَن
From his mouth he scatters jewels for them—
He scatters jewels from his mouth for them,
priceless treasures from his knowledge.
from his knowledge, beyond all price.
يَقسِمُهُdivide it طُلّابُهُhis students بَينَهُمamong themselves
يَقسِمُهُ طُلّابُهُ بَينَهُم
قِسمَةَa division of تَعديلٍequalization بِقَدرِin proportion to الفِطَنintellectual capacities
قِسمَةَ تَعديلٍ بِقَدرِ الفِطَن
His students divide them among themselves
His students divide it among themselves,
in an equitable share, each according to his understanding.
in equitable shares, according to their powers of understanding.
وَبُهمَةٌand a dauntless warrior مُختَرِطٌdrawing سَيفَهُhis sword
وَبُهمَةٌ مُختَرِطٌ سَيفَهُ
يَغمِدُهُsheathes it فيin هامِthe heads of أَهلِthe worshippers of الوَثَنthe idol
يَغمِدُهُ في هامِ أَهلِ الوَثَن
Another is a fearless warrior, his sword drawn,
And a dauntless warrior, with his sword drawn,
sheathing it in the heads of the idolaters.
sheathes it in the heads of idol-worshippers.
يَلبَسُwears مِنfrom إيمانِهِhis faith لَأمَةًa coat of armor
يَلبَسُ مِن إيمانِهِ لَأمَةً
فَضفاضَةًample يَغنىhas no need بِهاbecause of it عَنof مِجَنa shield
فَضفاضَةً يَغنى بِها عَن مِجَن
He wears a coat of mail fashioned from his faith,
He wears a coat of armor made of his faith,
so ample that he needs no shield.
so ample that he has no need of a shield.
وَحابِسٌand one confining فيin بَيتِهِhis house نَفسَهُhimself
وَحابِسٌ في بَيتِهِ نَفسَهُ
مُعتَزِلٌwithdrawn مُستَمسِكٌholding fast بِالسُنَنto the traditions
مُعتَزِلٌ مُستَمسِكٌ بِالسُنَن
Another confines himself within his home,
And one confines himself within his house,
living apart and holding fast to the Prophetic way.
withdrawn, holding fast to the traditions.
يَأخُذُtakes مِنfrom دُنياهُhis worldly life قوتاًsustenance لَهُfor himself
يَأخُذُ مِن دُنياهُ قوتاً لَهُ
مُقتَنِعاًcontent مِثلَlike عِذارِthe cheek-strap of الرَسَنthe halter
مُقتَنِعاً مِثلَ عِذارِ الرَسَن
He takes from his worldly life only enough sustenance,
He takes from his worldly life sustenance for himself,
content with a portion as slight as a halter’s cheek-strap.
content with as little as a halter's cheek-strap.
قَدalready جَعَلَmade البَيتَthe house كَقَبرٍlike a grave لَهُfor himself
قَد جَعَلَ البَيتَ كَقَبرٍ لَهُ
وَبُردُهُand his cloak فيهِin it لَهُfor him كَالكَفَنlike the shroud
وَبُردُهُ فيهِ لَهُ كَالكَفَن
He has made his house a grave for himself,
He has made his house like a grave for himself,
and the cloak he wears there is like his shroud.
and his cloak there is to him like a shroud.
فَهوَso he is خَفيفُlight الظَهرِof back لَكِنَّهُbut he
فَهوَ خَفيفُ الظَهرِ لَكِنَّهُ
أَثقَلُheavier فيin ميزانِهِhis scales مِنthan حَضَنḤaḍan, a mountain
أَثقَلُ في ميزانِهِ مِن حَضَن
Thus his back is lightly burdened, yet
Thus his back is lightly burdened, yet he is
in his scale he weighs more heavily than Mount Ḥaḍan.
heavier in his scales than Mount Ḥaḍan.
وَهارِبٌand one fleeing شُحّاًout of jealous concern عَلىfor دينِهِhis faith
وَهارِبٌ شُحّاً عَلى دينِهِ
إِلىto البَراريthe wilds وَرُؤوسِand the tops of القُنَنthe mountain peaks
إِلى البَراري وَرُؤوسِ القُنَن
Another flees, jealously guarding his faith,
And one flees, out of jealous concern for his faith,
to the wilderness and the highest mountain peaks.
to the wilderness and the tops of mountain peaks.
يَأنَسُfinds comfort بِالوِحدَةِin solitude فيin بيدِهاtheir desert wastes
يَأنَسُ بِالوِحدَةِ في بيدِها
أَكثَرَmore مِنthan تَأنيسِهِhis finding comfort بِالسَكَنin company
أَكثَرَ مِن تَأنيسِهِ بِالسَكَن
He finds more companionship in solitude amid its deserts
He finds comfort in solitude amid their desert wastes,
than he finds in the company of settled homes.
more than he finds in human company.
لاdoes not يَرهَبُfear الأُسدَthe lions وَمَنand whoever لَمhas not يَخُنbetrayed
لا يَرهَبُ الأُسدَ وَمَن لَم يَخُن
سَيِّدَهُhis master فيin عَهدِهِhis covenant لَمhas not يُخَنbeen betrayed
سَيِّدَهُ في عَهدِهِ لَم يُخَن
He does not fear lions; whoever does not betray
He fears no lions; and whoever has not betrayed
his Master’s covenant will not himself be betrayed.
his master in his covenant is not betrayed.
وَتائِبٌand one repentant مِنof ذَنبِهِhis sin مُشفِقٌfearful
وَتائِبٌ مِن ذَنبِهِ مُشفِقٌ
يَبكيweeps بُكاءَthe weeping of الواكِفاتِthe dripping clouds الهُتُنthe ceaselessly pouring ones
يَبكي بُكاءَ الواكِفاتِ الهُتُن
Another, repentant of his sin and fearful,
And one, repentant of his sin and fearful,
weeps as streaming, torrential clouds pour rain.
weeps like dripping clouds pouring ceaseless rain.
تَخالُهُyou would think him بَينَbetween يَدَيthe two hands of رَبِّهِhis Lord
تَخالُهُ بَينَ يَدَي رَبِّهِ
فيin ظُلَمِthe darkness of اللَيلِthe night كَمِثلِjust like الغُصُنthe branch
في ظُلَمِ اللَيلِ كَمِثلِ الغُصُن
You would think him standing before his Lord
You would think him, before his Lord,
in the night’s darkness, like a swaying branch.
in the darkness of night, like a branch.
إِنif مَهَّدَmake ready الناسُthe people لِدُنياهُمُfor their worldly life
إِن مَهَّدَ الناسُ لِدُنياهُمُ
شَمَّرَhe girds himself فيin تَمهيدِهِhis preparation لِلجَنَنfor the gardens of Paradise
شَمَّرَ في تَمهيدِهِ لِلجَنَن
When people prepare the way for their worldly lives,
If people make ready for their worldly life,
he girds himself to prepare for the Gardens of Paradise.
he girds himself to make ready for the gardens of Paradise.
كَأَنَّماas though الأَرضُthe earth لَهُfor him أَيكَةٌa grove
كَأَنَّما الأَرضُ لَهُ أَيكَةٌ
وَهوَand he بِهاin it قُمرِيَّةٌa female turtledove فيon فَنَنa bough
وَهوَ بِها قُمرِيَّةٌ في فَنَن
It is as though the whole earth were a grove for him,
As though the earth were a grove for him,
and he within it a turtledove perched upon a bough.
and he within it a turtledove on a bough.
وَصامِتٌand a silent man فيin قَلبِهِhis heart مِقوَلٌa tongue
وَصامِتٌ في قَلبِهِ مِقوَلٌ
بِالذِكرِin remembrance لِلَّهِof God طَويلٌlong لَسِنeloquent
بِالذِكرِ لِلَّهِ طَويلٌ لَسِن
Another is silent, though within his heart is an eloquent voice,
And one is silent, with a tongue within his heart,
long-tongued in the remembrance of God.
long and eloquent in the remembrance of God.
قَدindeed نَوَّرَhas illumined اللَهُGod لَهُfor him قَلبَهُhis heart
قَد نَوَّرَ اللَهُ لَهُ قَلبَهُ
بِالذِكرِthrough remembrance فيin السِرِّsecret لَهُof Him وَالعَلَنand openly
بِالذِكرِ في السِرِّ لَهُ وَالعَلَن
God has illuminated his heart
God has indeed illumined his heart for him,
through remembrance, in private and in public.
through remembrance of Him, in secret and in public.
فَإِنso if يَبِنhe parts بِالفِكرِin thought عَنfrom صَحبِهِhis companions
فَإِن يَبِن بِالفِكرِ عَن صَحبِهِ
فَجِسمُهُthen his body بَينَهُمُamong them لَمhas not يَبِنparted
فَجِسمُهُ بَينَهُمُ لَم يَبِن
Though his thoughts may set him apart from his companions,
So if in thought he withdraws from his companions,
his body among them never departs.
his body is among them and has not departed.
وَإِنand if لَغَواthey chatter idly جَليسٌa companion لَهُمto them
وَإِن لَغَوا جَليسٌ لَهُم
لَمdoes not يَلِجِenter اللَغوُidle talk لَهُfor him فيinto أُذُنan ear
لَم يَلِجِ اللَغوُ لَهُ في أُذُن
When they indulge in idle talk, he sits among them,
And if they chatter idly while he sits with them,
yet none of their chatter enters his ear.
no idle talk enters his ear.
فيin مَلَكوتِthe dominion of اللَهِGod سُبحانَهُglory be to Him
في مَلَكوتِ اللَهِ سُبحانَهُ
تَجولُroam أَلبابُthe minds of لُبابِthe choicest of الفِطَنintellects
تَجولُ أَلبابُ لُبابِ الفِطَن
Through the dominion of God—glory be to Him—
In the dominion of God—glory be to Him—
range the minds of those endowed with the finest understanding.
roam the minds of the finest in discernment.
فَهُمso they are خُصوصُthe chosen ones of اللَهِGod فيon أَرضِهِHis earth
فَهُم خُصوصُ اللَهِ في أَرضِهِ
حَقّاًtruly بِهِمthrough them تُدرَأُare warded off عَنّاfrom us المِحَنafflictions
حَقّاً بِهِم تُدرَأُ عَنّا المِحَن
They are God’s chosen ones upon His earth;
Thus they are God's chosen ones on His earth;
truly, through them afflictions are repelled from us.
truly, through them, afflictions are warded off from us.
سَمَواthey rose بِفَضلِby the grace of اللَهِGod نَحوَtoward الَّتيthe one which
سَمَوا بِفَضلِ اللَهِ نَحوَ الَّتي
مَنwhoever حَلَّsettles فيin جيرَتِهاits neighborhood قَدindeed أَمِنis safe
مَن حَلَّ في جيرَتِها قَد أَمِن
By God’s grace they rose toward that abode
They rose by God's grace toward that abode
whose neighborhood grants safety to all who dwell there.
in whose neighborhood whoever settles is secure.
وَنَزَّهواand they kept free الأَنفُسَtheir souls عَنfrom مَنزِلٍan abode
وَنَزَّهوا الأَنفُسَ عَن مَنزِلٍ
نازِلُهُits occupant مُستَوفِزٌpoised لِلظَعَنfor departure
نازِلُهُ مُستَوفِزٌ لِلظَعَن
They kept their souls above an abode
And they kept their souls aloof from an abode
whose inhabitant stands ever poised to depart.
whose occupant is poised to depart.
وَضَمَّرواand they trained to leanness الخَيلَthe horses لِيَومٍfor a day بِهِon which
وَضَمَّروا الخَيلَ لِيَومٍ بِهِ
يُنكَبَis brought to grief مَنwhoever يَركَبُrides فَوقَupon الهُجُنcrossbred horses
يُنكَبَ مَن يَركَبُ فَوقَ الهُجُن
They trained their steeds for a day on which
And they conditioned their horses for a day on which
the rider of feeble, crossbred mounts will be thrown down.
whoever rides crossbred horses will come to grief.
فَلَيتَنيso, if only I كُنتُhad been لَهُمto them خادِماًa servant
فَلَيتَني كُنتُ لَهُم خادِماً
وَلَيتَنيand if only I إِذsince لَمhad not أَكُنbeen لَمhad not أَكُنexisted
وَلَيتَني إِذ لَم أَكُن لَم أَكُن
Would that I had been a servant to them!
If only I had been a servant to them!
And since I was not, would that I had never been.
And, since I was not, if only I had never existed!
وَمَنand those سِواهُمother than them فَرِجالٌthen they are men رَجَواhoped
وَمَن سِواهُم فَرِجالٌ رَجَوا
أَنto يَعبُرواcross البَحرَthe sea بِغَيرِwithout السُفُنships
أَن يَعبُروا البَحرَ بِغَيرِ السُفُن
All others are merely men who hope
And those other than them are men who hoped
to cross the sea without ships.
to cross the sea without ships.
وَإِنَّماand only قَصَّرَheld back بيme عَنهُمُfrom them
وَإِنَّما قَصَّرَ بي عَنهُمُ
حُبّيmy love لِدارٍfor an abode مُلِئَتwas filled بِالفِتَنwith temptations
حُبّي لِدارٍ مُلِئَت بِالفِتَن
Nothing held me back from them except
And what made me fall short of them was only
my love for a dwelling filled with trials.
my love for an abode filled with temptations.
لاmay not غارَتِdescend to lowlands الدُنياthe world وَلاnor أَنجَدَتascend to highlands
لا غارَتِ الدُنيا وَلا أَنجَدَت
فَالعاقِلُfor the wise الحُرُّthe free person بِهاby it مُمتَحَنput to the test
فَالعاقِلُ الحُرُّ بِها مُمتَحَن
May this world prosper neither in lowland nor highland—
May the world neither descend to lowlands nor ascend to highlands!
the free and rational man is sorely tried by it.
For the wise, free person is tried by it.
تَميلُinclines لِلأَحمَقِtoward the fool مِنamong أَهلِهاits people
تَميلُ لِلأَحمَقِ مِن أَهلِها
وَهيَand it عَلىagainst عاقِلِهِمtheir wise one تَضطَغِنharbors a grudge
وَهيَ عَلى عاقِلِهِم تَضطَغِن
It favors the fool among its people,
It inclines toward the fool among its people,
while harboring spite against their wise.
yet harbors a grudge against their wise one.
ياoh عَجَباًwhat a wonder مِنat غَفلَتيmy heedlessness بَعدَafter أَنthat
يا عَجَباً مِن غَفلَتي بَعدَ أَن
نادانِيَcalled to me الشَيبُgray hair أَلاtake heed فَارحَلَنthen do depart
نادانِيَ الشَيبُ أَلا فَارحَلَن
How astonishing my heedlessness, even after
Oh, how astonishing my heedlessness, after
gray hair called to me: “Up—depart!”
gray hair called to me: “Take heed—depart,
وَأَدرِكِand make up الفائِتَwhat was missed مِنfrom قَبلِbefore أَنthat
وَأَدرِكِ الفائِتَ مِن قَبلِ أَن
يَفجَأَكَtakes you unawares المَوتُdeath فَلاthen not تُنظَرَنyou are granted respite
يَفجَأَكَ المَوتُ فَلا تُنظَرَن
Recover what has passed you by before
and make up what you have missed, before
death surprises you and you are granted no reprieve.
death takes you unawares and you are granted no respite!”
أَقبَحُthe ugliest مَنone whom تَرمُقُهُit beholds him مُقلَةٌan eye
أَقبَحُ مَن تَرمُقُهُ مُقلَةٌ
مُبصِرَةٌseeing شَيخٌan old man خَليعُhaving cast off الرَسَنthe halter
مُبصِرَةٌ شَيخٌ خَليعُ الرَسَن
The ugliest person any seeing eye can behold
The ugliest person an eye can behold—
is an old man who has cast off his reins.
a seeing eye—is an old man with his halter cast off.
تَقتادُهُlead him الدَهرَthroughout life دَواعيthe impulses of الهَوىdesire
تَقتادُهُ الدَهرَ دَواعي الهَوى
إِلىto الصِباyouth مِثلَlike اِقتِيادِthe leading of البُدُنsacrificial camels
إِلى الصِبا مِثلَ اِقتِيادِ البُدُن
Throughout his life, the promptings of desire lead him
The impulses of desire lead him all his life
back toward youth as sacrificial camels are led.
to the ways of youth, as sacrificial camels are led.
يَأمُلُhe hopes آمالَthe hopes of فَتىًa youth يافِعٍcoming of age
يَأمُلُ آمالَ فَتىً يافِعٍ
كَأَنَّهُas though he لَيسَwere not بِشَيخٍan old man يَفَنdecrepit
كَأَنَّهُ لَيسَ بِشَيخٍ يَفَن
He cherishes the hopes of a tender youth,
He cherishes the hopes of a youth coming of age,
as though he were not a decrepit old man.
as though he were not a decrepit old man.
لَيسَis not جَمالُthe beauty of الشَيخِan old man إِلّاexcept التُقىpiety
لَيسَ جَمالُ الشَيخِ إِلّا التُقى
وَالمَحوُand erasure لِلسوءِof evil بِفِعلٍthrough a deed حَسَنgood
وَالمَحوُ لِلسوءِ بِفِعلٍ حَسَن
An old man’s only beauty is piety,
An old man's beauty is nothing but piety
and erasing evil through a good deed.
and erasing evil through a good deed.
شُغِلتُI have been occupied بِالوَصفِwith description وَلَوand if أَنَّنيthat I
شُغِلتُ بِالوَصفِ وَلَو أَنَّني
أُشغَلُI were occupied بِالمَوصوفِwith what is described كُنتُI would have been الفَطِنthe discerning one
أُشغَلُ بِالمَوصوفِ كُنتُ الفَطِن
I have been occupied with describing; had I instead
I have been occupied with description; had I
been occupied with the One described, I would have been discerning.
been occupied with what is described, I would have been discerning.
وَلَمand did not أَبِعI sell رُشداًright guidance بِغَيٍّfor error وَلَمand did not
وَلَم أَبِع رُشداً بِغَيٍّ وَلَم
أَرضَI accept بِعَقليwith my reason مِثلَthe like of هَذاthis الغَبَنloss
أَرضَ بِعَقلي مِثلَ هَذا الغَبَن
I would not have sold right guidance for error, nor
Nor would I have sold right guidance for error, nor
accepted such a fraud against my own reason.
accepted such a ruinous bargain for my reason.
إِنّاindeed we إِلىto اللَهِGod لَقَدindeed حاقَhas beset بيme
إِنّا إِلى اللَهِ لَقَد حاقَ بي
ماwhat يُورِثُbrings about الخِزيَdisgrace غَداًtomorrow وَالحَزَنand grief
ما يُورِثُ الخِزيَ غَداً وَالحَزَن
Indeed, to God we belong! There has beset me
We are bound for God; indeed, I have been beset
that which bequeaths shame tomorrow and sorrow.
by what will bring disgrace and grief tomorrow.
وَالحَمدُand praise لِلَّهِto God فَفيfor in كَفِّهِHis palm
وَالحَمدُ لِلَّهِ فَفي كَفِّهِ
مَنحٌgifts لِمَنfor whomever شاءَHe wills وَفيهاand in it المِنَنblessings
مَنحٌ لِمَن شاءَ وَفيها المِنَن
Yet praise be to God, for in His hand are
And praise be to God, for in His hand
gifts for whomever He wills, and therein are favors.
are gifts for whomever He wills, and in it are blessings.
وَهوَand He الَّذيthe One whom أَرجوI hope in فَإِنso if لَمnot يَكُنHe is
وَهوَ الَّذي أَرجو فَإِن لَم يَكُن
عِندَwhen رَجائيmy hope فيهِin Him طَولاًbounty فَمَنthen who?
عِندَ رَجائي فيهِ طَولاً فَمَن
He is the One in whom I place my hope; if there is no
And He is the One in whom I hope; if He is not
abundant grace with Him to meet my hope—then with whom?
bountiful when I place my hope in Him, then who is?