إِنَّindeed أُوليthose possessed of العِلمِknowledge بِماof what فيin الفِتَنtrials
إِنَّ أُولي العِلمِ بِما في الفِتَن
تَهَيَّبوهاthey dreaded them مِنsince قَديمِancient الزَمَنtimes
تَهَيَّبوها مِن قَديمِ الزَمَن
Indeed, those who know what trials hold
have dreaded them since ancient times.
فَاستَعصَمواso they sought protection in اللَهَGod وَكانَand was التُقىpiety
فَاستَعصَموا اللَهَ وَكانَ التُقى
أَوفىmore protective لَهُمfor them فيهاamid them مِنَthan اَوفىthe most protective of الجُنَنshields
أَوفى لَهُم فيها مِنَ اَوفى الجُنَن
So they sought refuge in God, and piety was
a surer defense for them therein than the surest shields.
وَاِجتَمَعواand they united فيin حُسنِthe excellence of تَوفيقِهِHis guidance
وَاِجتَمَعوا في حُسنِ تَوفيقِهِ
وَاِفتَرَقواand they dispersed فيin كُلِّevery سَعيٍendeavor حَسَنgood
وَاِفتَرَقوا في كُلِّ سَعيٍ حَسَن
They were united in His gracious guidance,
and went their separate ways in every worthy endeavor.
فَعالِمٌso, a scholar مُستَمجِدٌseeking honor عامِلٌacting on his knowledge
فَعالِمٌ مُستَمجِدٌ عامِلٌ
يَسلُكُhe proceeds بِالناسِwith the people سَواءَthe straight course of السُنَنthe paths
يَسلُكُ بِالناسِ سَواءَ السُنَن
One is a scholar, seeking honor and acting on his knowledge,
who leads people along the straight paths.
يَنثُرُhe scatters مِنfrom فيهِhis mouth لَهُمfor them جَوهَراًjewels
يَنثُرُ مِن فيهِ لَهُم جَوهَراً
مِنfrom عِلمِهِhis knowledge لَيسَthere is not لَهُfor it مِنany ثَمَنprice
مِن عِلمِهِ لَيسَ لَهُ مِن ثَمَن
He scatters jewels for them from his mouth,
from his knowledge, beyond all price.
يَقسِمُهُdivide it طُلّابُهُhis students بَينَهُمamong themselves
يَقسِمُهُ طُلّابُهُ بَينَهُم
قِسمَةَa division of تَعديلٍfairness بِقَدرِaccording to the measure of الفِطَنintellectual capacities
قِسمَةَ تَعديلٍ بِقَدرِ الفِطَن
His students divide it among themselves,
in fair shares, according to their understanding.
وَبُهمَةٌand a fearless warrior مُختَرِطٌunsheathing سَيفَهُhis sword
وَبُهمَةٌ مُختَرِطٌ سَيفَهُ
يَغمِدُهُhe sheathes it فيin هامِthe heads of أَهلِworshippers of الوَثَنthe idol
يَغمِدُهُ في هامِ أَهلِ الوَثَن
Another is a fearless warrior, drawing his sword,
sheathing it in the heads of idol-worshippers.
يَلبَسُhe wears مِنfrom إيمانِهِhis faith لَأمَةًa coat of armor
يَلبَسُ مِن إيمانِهِ لَأمَةً
فَضفاضَةًample يَغنىhe has no need بِهاwith it عَنof مِجَنa shield
فَضفاضَةً يَغنى بِها عَن مِجَن
He wears a coat of armor made of his faith,
ample, leaving him no need of a shield.
وَحابِسٌand one confining فيin بَيتِهِhis house نَفسَهُhimself
وَحابِسٌ في بَيتِهِ نَفسَهُ
مُعتَزِلٌwithdrawn مُستَمسِكٌholding fast بِالسُنَنto the sacred traditions
مُعتَزِلٌ مُستَمسِكٌ بِالسُنَن
Another confines himself within his house,
withdrawn, holding fast to the sacred traditions.
يَأخُذُhe takes مِنfrom دُنياهُhis worldly life قوتاًsustenance لَهُfor himself
يَأخُذُ مِن دُنياهُ قوتاً لَهُ
مُقتَنِعاًcontent مِثلَlike عِذارِthe cheek-strap of الرَسَنthe halter
مُقتَنِعاً مِثلَ عِذارِ الرَسَن
He takes from his worldly life sustenance for himself,
content with as little as a halter's cheek-strap.
قَدindeed جَعَلَhe has made البَيتَthe house كَقَبرٍlike a grave لَهُfor himself
قَد جَعَلَ البَيتَ كَقَبرٍ لَهُ
وَبُردُهُand his cloak فيهِwithin it لَهُfor him كَالكَفَنlike a shroud
وَبُردُهُ فيهِ لَهُ كَالكَفَن
He has made his house like a grave for himself,
and his cloak within it is like a shroud for him.
فَهوَso he is خَفيفُlight of الظَهرِback لَكِنَّهُbut he is
فَهوَ خَفيفُ الظَهرِ لَكِنَّهُ
أَثقَلُheavier فيin ميزانِهِhis scales مِنthan حَضَنḤaḍan
أَثقَلُ في ميزانِهِ مِن حَضَن
His back is lightly laden, yet he is
weightier in his scales than Ḥaḍan.
وَهارِبٌand one fleeing شُحّاًout of jealous concern عَلىfor دينِهِhis faith
وَهارِبٌ شُحّاً عَلى دينِهِ
إِلىto البَراريthe wilderness وَرُؤوسِand the summits of القُنَنthe mountain peaks
إِلى البَراري وَرُؤوسِ القُنَن
Another flees, jealously guarding his faith,
to the wilderness and the mountain peaks.
يَأنَسُhe finds solace بِالوِحدَةِin solitude فيin بيدِهاtheir deserts
يَأنَسُ بِالوِحدَةِ في بيدِها
أَكثَرَmore مِنthan تَأنيسِهِhis taking comfort بِالسَكَنin company
أَكثَرَ مِن تَأنيسِهِ بِالسَكَن
He finds solace in solitude amid their deserts,
more than he finds comfort in company.
لاnot يَرهَبُhe fears الأُسدَthe lions وَمَنand whoever لَمhas not يَخُنbetrayed
لا يَرهَبُ الأُسدَ وَمَن لَم يَخُن
سَيِّدَهُhis Master فيin عَهدِهِhis covenant لَمwill not يُخَنbe betrayed
سَيِّدَهُ في عَهدِهِ لَم يُخَن
He fears no lions; and whoever has not betrayed
his Master in his covenant will not be betrayed.
وَتائِبٌand one repenting مِنof ذَنبِهِhis sin مُشفِقٌfearful
وَتائِبٌ مِن ذَنبِهِ مُشفِقٌ
يَبكيhe weeps بُكاءَthe weeping of الواكِفاتِdripping rain-clouds الهُتُنpouring steadily
يَبكي بُكاءَ الواكِفاتِ الهُتُن
Another repents of his sin, fearful,
weeping like rain-clouds pouring steadily.
تَخالُهُyou would think him بَينَbetween يَدَيthe two hands of رَبِّهِhis Lord
تَخالُهُ بَينَ يَدَي رَبِّهِ
فيin ظُلَمِthe darkness of اللَيلِnight كَمِثلِlike الغُصُنa branch
في ظُلَمِ اللَيلِ كَمِثلِ الغُصُن
You would think him, before his Lord,
in the darkness of night, like a branch.
إِنif مَهَّدَprepare الناسُpeople لِدُنياهُمُfor their worldly life
إِن مَهَّدَ الناسُ لِدُنياهُمُ
شَمَّرَhe girds himself فيin تَمهيدِهِhis preparations لِلجَنَنfor the Gardens
شَمَّرَ في تَمهيدِهِ لِلجَنَن
If people prepare for their worldly life,
he girds himself in preparation for the Gardens.
كَأَنَّماas though الأَرضُthe earth لَهُfor him أَيكَةٌa grove
كَأَنَّما الأَرضُ لَهُ أَيكَةٌ
وَهوَand he بِهاin it قُمرِيَّةٌa turtledove فيon فَنَنa bough
وَهوَ بِها قُمرِيَّةٌ في فَنَن
As though the earth were a grove to him,
and he within it a turtledove upon a bough.
وَصامِتٌand one silent فيin قَلبِهِhis heart مِقوَلٌa tongue
وَصامِتٌ في قَلبِهِ مِقوَلٌ
بِالذِكرِin remembrance لِلَّهِof God طَويلٌlong لَسِنeloquent
بِالذِكرِ لِلَّهِ طَويلٌ لَسِن
Another is silent, yet within his heart is a tongue,
long and eloquent in the remembrance of God.
قَدindeed نَوَّرَhas illumined اللَهُGod لَهُfor him قَلبَهُhis heart
قَد نَوَّرَ اللَهُ لَهُ قَلبَهُ
بِالذِكرِthrough remembrance فيin السِرِّsecret لَهُof Him وَالعَلَنand in public
بِالذِكرِ في السِرِّ لَهُ وَالعَلَن
God has illumined his heart for him
through remembrance of Him, in secret and in public.
فَإِنso if يَبِنhe parts بِالفِكرِin thought عَنfrom صَحبِهِhis companions
فَإِن يَبِن بِالفِكرِ عَن صَحبِهِ
فَجِسمُهُthen his body بَينَهُمُamong them لَمhas not يَبِنparted
فَجِسمُهُ بَينَهُمُ لَم يَبِن
So if in thought he parts from his companions,
his body remains among them, not apart.
وَإِنand if لَغَواthey speak idly جَليسٌa sitting companion لَهُمto them
وَإِن لَغَوا جَليسٌ لَهُم
لَمhas not يَلِجِentered اللَغوُidle talk لَهُfor him فيinto أُذُنan ear
لَم يَلِجِ اللَغوُ لَهُ في أُذُن
And if they chatter while he sits with them,
no idle talk enters his ear.
فيin مَلَكوتِthe dominion of اللَهِGod سُبحانَهُglory be to Him
في مَلَكوتِ اللَهِ سُبحانَهُ
تَجولُroam أَلبابُthe minds of لُبابِthe choicest of الفِطَنthe discerning
تَجولُ أَلبابُ لُبابِ الفِطَن
Within God's dominion—glory be to Him—
roam the minds of the keenest-witted.
فَهُمso they are خُصوصُthe chosen ones of اللَهِGod فيon أَرضِهِHis earth
فَهُم خُصوصُ اللَهِ في أَرضِهِ
حَقّاًtruly بِهِمthrough them تُدرَأُare warded off عَنّاfrom us المِحَنafflictions
حَقّاً بِهِم تُدرَأُ عَنّا المِحَن
They are God's chosen ones upon His earth;
truly, through them afflictions are warded off from us.
سَمَواthey rose بِفَضلِby the grace of اللَهِGod نَحوَtoward الَّتيthat which
سَمَوا بِفَضلِ اللَهِ نَحوَ الَّتي
مَنwhoever حَلَّsettles فيin جيرَتِهاits neighborhood قَدindeed أَمِنis secure
مَن حَلَّ في جيرَتِها قَد أَمِن
They rose, by God's grace, toward the abode
in whose neighborhood whoever settles is secure.
وَنَزَّهواand they kept aloof الأَنفُسَtheir souls عَنfrom مَنزِلٍa dwelling
وَنَزَّهوا الأَنفُسَ عَن مَنزِلٍ
نازِلُهُits lodger مُستَوفِزٌpoised لِلظَعَنto depart
نازِلُهُ مُستَوفِزٌ لِلظَعَن
They kept their souls aloof from a dwelling
whose lodger is poised to depart.
وَضَمَّرواand they made lean الخَيلَthe horses لِيَومٍfor a day بِهِon which
وَضَمَّروا الخَيلَ لِيَومٍ بِهِ
يُنكَبَis brought low مَنwhoever يَركَبُrides فَوقَatop الهُجُنfine-bred camels
يُنكَبَ مَن يَركَبُ فَوقَ الهُجُن
They made their horses lean for a day on which
those riding atop fine-bred camels are brought low.
فَلَيتَنيso would that I كُنتُhad been لَهُمto them خادِماًa servant
فَلَيتَني كُنتُ لَهُم خادِماً
وَلَيتَنيand would that I إِذsince لَمnot أَكُنI was لَمnot أَكُنI had existed
وَلَيتَني إِذ لَم أَكُن لَم أَكُن
Would that I had been a servant to them,
and since I was not, would that I had never existed!
وَمَنand whoever سِواهُمis other than them فَرِجالٌare thus men رَجَواhoped
وَمَن سِواهُم فَرِجالٌ رَجَوا
أَنto يَعبُرواcross البَحرَthe sea بِغَيرِwithout السُفُنships
أَن يَعبُروا البَحرَ بِغَيرِ السُفُن
All others are men who hoped
to cross the sea without ships.
وَإِنَّماand only قَصَّرَheld back بيme عَنهُمُfrom them
وَإِنَّما قَصَّرَ بي عَنهُمُ
حُبّيmy love لِدارٍfor an abode مُلِئَتfilled بِالفِتَنwith trials
حُبّي لِدارٍ مُلِئَت بِالفِتَن
And only this kept me short of them:
my love for an abode filled with trials.
لاmay not غارَتِdescend to lowlands الدُنياthe world وَلاnor أَنجَدَتascend to highlands
لا غارَتِ الدُنيا وَلا أَنجَدَت
فَالعاقِلُfor the wise man الحُرُّthe free بِهاwithin it مُمتَحَنis put to trial
فَالعاقِلُ الحُرُّ بِها مُمتَحَن
May the world neither descend to lowlands nor climb to highlands!
For in it the wise, free man is put to trial.
تَميلُit inclines لِلأَحمَقِtoward the fool مِنamong أَهلِهاits people
تَميلُ لِلأَحمَقِ مِن أَهلِها
وَهيَand it عَلىagainst عاقِلِهِمtheir wise one تَضطَغِنharbors rancor
وَهيَ عَلى عاقِلِهِم تَضطَغِن
It inclines toward the fool among its people,
yet harbors rancor against their wise man.
ياoh عَجَباًwhat wonder مِنat غَفلَتيmy heedlessness بَعدَafter أَنthat
يا عَجَباً مِن غَفلَتي بَعدَ أَن
نادانِيَcalled to me الشَيبُgray hair أَلاtake heed فَارحَلَنthen surely depart
نادانِيَ الشَيبُ أَلا فَارحَلَن
How astonishing my heedlessness, after
gray hair called to me: “Take heed, then depart!
وَأَدرِكِand recover الفائِتَwhat was missed مِنfrom قَبلِbefore أَنthat
وَأَدرِكِ الفائِتَ مِن قَبلِ أَن
يَفجَأَكَtakes you unawares المَوتُdeath فَلاso not تُنظَرَنyou will be reprieved
يَفجَأَكَ المَوتُ فَلا تُنظَرَن
And recover what you have missed before
death takes you unawares and you are given no respite.”
أَقبَحُthe ugliest of مَنthose whom تَرمُقُهُit beholds him مُقلَةٌan eye
أَقبَحُ مَن تَرمُقُهُ مُقلَةٌ
مُبصِرَةٌseeing شَيخٌan old man خَليعُfree of الرَسَنthe halter
مُبصِرَةٌ شَيخٌ خَليعُ الرَسَن
The ugliest person beheld by an eye
that sees is an old man with his halter cast off.
تَقتادُهُlead him الدَهرَall his days دَواعيthe promptings of الهَوىdesire
تَقتادُهُ الدَهرَ دَواعي الهَوى
إِلىto الصِباyouthful folly مِثلَlike اِقتِيادِthe leading of البُدُنsacrificial camels
إِلى الصِبا مِثلَ اِقتِيادِ البُدُن
The promptings of desire lead him all his days
to youthful folly, as sacrificial camels are led.
يَأمُلُhe hopes for آمالَthe hopes of فَتىًa young man يافِعٍcoming of age
يَأمُلُ آمالَ فَتىً يافِعٍ
كَأَنَّهُas though he لَيسَwere not بِشَيخٍan old man يَفَنdecrepit
كَأَنَّهُ لَيسَ بِشَيخٍ يَفَن
He cherishes the hopes of a youth coming of age,
as though he were not a decrepit old man.
لَيسَis not جَمالُthe beauty of الشَيخِan old man إِلّاanything but التُقىpiety
لَيسَ جَمالُ الشَيخِ إِلّا التُقى
وَالمَحوُand erasure لِلسوءِof evil بِفِعلٍthrough a deed حَسَنgood
وَالمَحوُ لِلسوءِ بِفِعلٍ حَسَن
An old man's only beauty is piety
and effacing evil through a good deed.
شُغِلتُI was absorbed بِالوَصفِin description وَلَوand if أَنَّنيthat I
شُغِلتُ بِالوَصفِ وَلَو أَنَّني
أُشغَلُI were absorbed بِالمَوصوفِin what is described كُنتُI would have been الفَطِنthe discerning one
أُشغَلُ بِالمَوصوفِ كُنتُ الفَطِن
I have been absorbed in description; had I
been absorbed in what is described, I would have been discerning.
وَلَمand not أَبِعI sold رُشداًright guidance بِغَيٍّfor error وَلَمnor
وَلَم أَبِع رُشداً بِغَيٍّ وَلَم
أَرضَI accepted بِعَقليfor my reason مِثلَthe like of هَذاthis الغَبَنloss
أَرضَ بِعَقلي مِثلَ هَذا الغَبَن
Nor would I have sold right guidance for error, nor
accepted so ruinous a bargain for my reason.
إِنّاindeed we إِلىto اللَهِGod لَقَدindeed حاقَhas engulfed بيme
إِنّا إِلى اللَهِ لَقَد حاقَ بي
ماwhat يُورِثُbrings الخِزيَdisgrace غَداًtomorrow وَالحَزَنand sorrow
ما يُورِثُ الخِزيَ غَداً وَالحَزَن
Indeed, we are bound for God! I have truly been beset
by what will bring disgrace and sorrow tomorrow.
وَالحَمدُand praise لِلَّهِbe to God فَفيfor in كَفِّهِHis hand
وَالحَمدُ لِلَّهِ فَفي كَفِّهِ
مَنحٌgifts لِمَنfor whomever شاءَHe wills وَفيهاand in it المِنَنbounties
مَنحٌ لِمَن شاءَ وَفيها المِنَن
And praise be to God, for in His hand
are gifts for whomever He wills, and in it are bounties.
وَهوَand He الَّذيthe One whom أَرجوI hope in فَإِنso if لَمnot يَكُنHe is
وَهوَ الَّذي أَرجو فَإِن لَم يَكُن
عِندَwhen رَجائيmy hope فيهِin Him طَولاًbounty فَمَنthen who
عِندَ رَجائي فيهِ طَولاً فَمَن
He is the One I hope in; and if He is not
bountiful when I place my hope in Him, then who is?