أَشَمسis it a sun بَهاءٍof splendor بِالهِلالِwith the crescent تَنَقَّبُveils itself
أَشَمس بَهاءٍ بِالهِلالِ تَنَقَّبُ
أَمِor البَدرُthe full moon فيin لَألائِهِits radiance لَيسَis not يُحجَبُconcealed
أَمِ البَدرُ في لَألائِهِ لَيسَ يُحجَبُ
Is it a sun of splendor veiling itself with the crescent,
A radiant sun veiled by the crescent
or the full moon in its radiance, never veiled?
Or is it the full moon unveiled in its brilliance?
أَمِor الأَنجُمُthe stars الزُهرِbright المُنيرَةُshining بِالدُجىin the darkness
أَمِ الأَنجُمُ الزُهرِ المُنيرَةُ بِالدُجى
جَلاهاrevealed them بِكُرسِيِّupon the throne of المَجَرَّةthe Milky Way غَيهَبُdeep darkness
جَلاها بِكُرسِيِّ المَجَرَّة غَيهَبُ
Or the bright stars, shining in the darkness,
Or the shining stars amid the darkness
revealed by deep night upon the Milky Way's throne?
Obscured on the celestial throne by the galaxy's veil
أَعَرفٌis it a scent ذَكِيٌّintensely fragrant مِنfrom عَرارٍarar flowers وَفىdelivered بِهِwith it
أَعَرفٌ ذَكِيٌّ مِن عَرارٍ وَفى بِهِ
نَسيمُthe breeze of الصَباthe east wind أَمor مِسكُmusk of دارينَDarin يَخبُبُhastens
نَسيمُ الصَبا أَم مِسكُ دارينَ يَخبُبُ
Is it a heady scent of arar flowers, delivered
A witty, erudite companion from Arar who fulfilled his promise
by the east wind's breeze, or Darin musk hastening by?
Is it the morning breeze or musk from Dariin that excites?
أَسلسالُis it a smooth flow of راحٍwine أَمor سَلاسِلُchains of عَسجَدٍpure gold
أَسلسالُ راحٍ أَم سَلاسِلُ عَسجَدٍ
أَسِمطُis it a strand of لآلٍpearls أَمor جُمانٌpearl beads يُثَقَّبُbeing pierced
أَسِمطُ لآلٍ أَم جُمانٌ يُثَقَّبُ
Is it smooth-flowing wine, or chains of pure gold?
A relaxed, gentle wrist or chains of captivity
Is it a strand of pearls, or pearl beads being pierced?
Unadorned pearls or Yemeni anklets with holes
أَروضٌis it a meadow أَريضٌlush بِالأَقاحيwith daisies مُنوَّرٌin bloom
أَروضٌ أَريضٌ بِالأَقاحي مُنوَّرٌ
بِهِin it المُزنُrainclouds تَهمِيpour وَالغَمائِمُand the clouds تُسكَبُare poured out
بِهِ المُزنُ تَهمِي وَالغَمائِمُ تُسكَبُ
Is it a lush meadow abloom with daisies,
A meadow blanketed in flowers, illuminated
where rainclouds pour and clouds are poured out?
Where clouds gather and rain pours down
أَمِor الزَهرthe blossoms يَبدُوappear مِنfrom خِلالِthe midst of خَمائِلٍthickets
أَمِ الزَهر يَبدُو مِن خِلالِ خَمائِلٍ
بِهاin them السُحبthe clouds أَذيالthe hems of المَطارِفِfine cloaks تُسحَبُare drawn along
بِها السُحب أَذيال المَطارِفِ تُسحَبُ
Or do blossoms appear through thickets,
Or is it blossoms peeking through intimate gatherings
where clouds are drawn along like the hems of fine cloaks?
As trains of clouds draw the hems of gowns
أَمِor الطَيفُthe dream-vision مِنof أَسماءAsma وَهوَand it is مُحَبَّبٌbeloved
أَمِ الطَيفُ مِن أَسماء وَهوَ مُحَبَّبٌ
سَرىtraveled by night مَوهِناًlate at night وَالدارُwhile the dwelling تَنأىgrows distant وَتَقرُبُand draws near
سَرى مَوهِناً وَالدارُ تَنأى وَتَقرُبُ
Or is it a dream-vision of Asma, so beloved,
Or is it the phantom of Asma, so beloved
that traveled late at night, while home grew far and near?
Who came by night, while the abode drew near then receded
ذَكَرتُI recalled بِهِthrough it شَرخَthe prime of التَصابيyouthful dalliance وَجيرَةًand neighbors
ذَكَرتُ بِهِ شَرخَ التَصابي وَجيرَةً
نَأَواwent far away وَالحَشاwhile the heart مِنfrom بَينِهِمparting from them يَتَلَهَّبُblazes
نَأَوا وَالحَشا مِن بَينِهِم يَتَلَهَّبُ
Through it I recalled the prime of youthful dalliance, and neighbors
I recalled the parting of friends and a neighbor
who went far away, while my heart blazed at parting from them.
Who kept their distance while ardour burned between them
أَقولُI say وَقَدwhile already عاينتُI have seen شَيباًgray hair بِمِفرَقيat my hair's parting
أَقولُ وَقَد عاينتُ شَيباً بِمِفرَقي
غَداةَon the morning اِفتَرَقناwe parted وَالمَدامِعُwhile tears تُسكَبُare poured out
غَداةَ اِفتَرَقنا وَالمَدامِعُ تُسكَبُ
I say, having seen gray hair along my parting,
I say having seen the grey in my hair
on the morning we parted, while tears poured down:
When we parted and tears flowed copiously
سَقىmay water اللَهُGod رَيعانَthe bloom of الشَبيبَةِyouth وَالهَوىand love
سَقى اللَهُ رَيعانَ الشَبيبَةِ وَالهَوى
وَجادَand may drench الصَباyouth هامٌstreaming مِنfrom المُزنِrainclouds صَيّبُa downpour
وَجادَ الصَبا هامٌ مِن المُزنِ صَيّبُ
May God water the bloom of youth and love,
May God water the saplings of youth and passion
and may a streaming downpour from rainclouds drench youth.
As the morning rain generously pours from the clouds
فَكَمfor many a غادَةٍlovely maiden ليof mine فيهِin it نازَعتُهاI exchanged with her ضُحىًat forenoon
فَكَم غادَةٍ لي فيهِ نازَعتُها ضُحىً
حَديثَtalk of الهَوىlove كَالراحِlike wine بَلnay هُوَit أَعذَبُsweeter
حَديثَ الهَوى كَالراحِ بَل هُوَ أَعذَبُ
With many a lovely girl of mine, in those days, I exchanged at forenoon
How many trysts I had with her at dawn
talk of love, like wine—nay, it was sweeter.
Our love talk smoother even than the wind
رَداحٍfull-hipped تَهادىshe sways as she walks مِنfrom شَبابٍyouth وَنِعمَةٍand luxury
رَداحٍ تَهادى مِن شَبابٍ وَنِعمَةٍ
كَماas يَتَهادىsways الرَوضthe meadow وَالرَوضwhile the meadow مُعشَبُis grassy
كَما يَتَهادى الرَوض وَالرَوض مُعشَبُ
Full-hipped, she sways in youth and luxury,
A gentle caressing like the meadow receiving rain
as a meadow sways—a meadow rich with grass.
As it is caressed, verdant and grassy
بِرهرهةٍtender and delicate تَرنوshe gazes بِطَرفٍwith a glance كَماas رَناgazed
بِرهرهةٍ تَرنو بِطَرفٍ كَما رَنا
إِلىtoward سِربِهِits herd وَسَطamid الخَميلَةِthe thicket رَبرَبُa herd of gazelles
إِلى سِربِهِ وَسَط الخَميلَةِ رَبرَبُ
Tender and delicate, she gazes with a glance like that cast
With a turtledove's cooing towards her flock
by a gazelle herd toward its fellows amid the thicket.
Amid the bushes, chirping longingly
مِنَamong الرُودِthe gentle maidens أَمّاas for الخَصرُthe waist مِنهاof hers فَمُجدِبٌthen it is barren
مِنَ الرُودِ أَمّا الخَصرُ مِنها فَمُجدِبٌ
نَحيلٌslender وَأَمّاand as for الرِدفthe buttocks مِنهاof hers فَمُخصِبُthen fertile
نَحيلٌ وَأَمّا الرِدف مِنها فَمُخصِبُ
One of the gentle maidens: her waist is barren,
Her waist is slender and concave
slender; her buttocks, though, are lush and fertile.
While her hips are curvy and convex
فَلَمso not أَنسَI forget إِذwhen جاءَتshe came تَهُزُّswaying مَعاطِفاًbodily curves
فَلَم أَنسَ إِذ جاءَت تَهُزُّ مَعاطِفاً
عَلَيهاupon them مِنَof الدِيباجِbrocade وَشيَembroidery مُذَهَّبُgilded
عَلَيها مِنَ الدِيباجِ وَشيَ مُذَهَّبُ
So I have not forgotten how she came, swaying her curves,
I cannot forget as she swayed in brocade robes
clad in brocade with gilded embroidery,
Embroidered with gold and silver thread
تُسائِلُshe asks عَنabout مَعنىًa meaning خَفِيٍّhidden إِذاwhen بَداit appears
تُسائِلُ عَن مَعنىً خَفِيٍّ إِذا بَدا
أَرانيshows me زَفراتِsighs الحِسانِof beautiful women تُرَحِّبُoffer welcome
أَراني زَفراتِ الحِسانِ تُرَحِّبُ
asking about a hidden meaning which, when revealed,
Asking about a hidden meaning, her glances
shows me beauties' sighs of welcome.
Welcomed me with blowing kisses
هُوَit is اسمٌa name رُباعِيٌّof four letters إِذاif رُمتَyou seek عَكسَهُits reversal
هُوَ اسمٌ رُباعِيٌّ إِذا رُمتَ عَكسَهُ
وَسَهَّلتَand you soften مِنهُin it هَمزَةًa hamza حينَwhen تَقلِبُyou reverse
وَسَهَّلتَ مِنهُ هَمزَةً حينَ تَقلِبُ
It is a four-letter name; if you seek to reverse it,
It is a four-letter name; if you reverse it
and soften a hamza in it as you turn it round,
And omit a letter as you rearrange
بَداappears اسمٌa name لِرَوضٍof a garden بِالشآمِin al-Sham كَجَنَّةٍlike paradise
بَدا اسمٌ لِرَوضٍ بِالشآمِ كَجَنَّةٍ
إِلىtoward مِثلِهِits like يَصبوlongs الفُؤادthe heart وَيَرغَبُand yearns
إِلى مِثلِهِ يَصبو الفُؤاد وَيَرغَبُ
a name appears for a garden in al-Sham, like paradise,
It's the name of a garden in Syria, like paradise
for whose like the heart longs and yearns.
To which the heart aspires and longs
فَأَوَّلُso the first حَرفٍletter مِنهُof it مَعwith آخرٍthe last يُرىis seen
فَأَوَّلُ حَرفٍ مِنهُ مَع آخرٍ يُرى
أَداةًan article لِتَعريفfor definiteness بهاwith which النُطقُspeech يَعذُبُgrows sweet
أَداةً لِتَعريف بها النُطقُ يَعذُبُ
Its first letter, with its last, is seen
The first and last letters, if you note
as a definite article that sweetens speech.
Are used in grammar, smoothing speech
وَأَوَّلُand the first حَرفٍletter مِنهُof it إِنif صارَbecomes ثانياًsecond
وَأَوَّلُ حَرفٍ مِنهُ إِن صارَ ثانياً
فَذاكَthen that is اِسمُthe name of طَيرٍa bird بِالرياضِin gardens يُشبِّبُsings love songs
فَذاكَ اِسمُ طَيرٍ بِالرياضِ يُشبِّبُ
And if its first letter becomes the second,
And the first letter made second
then that is the name of a bird singing love songs in gardens.
Is a bird known to frolic in meadows
وَإِنand if أَنتَyou لَمdo not تَعكسهreverse it يَوماًever فَإِنَّهُthen indeed it
وَإِن أَنتَ لَم تَعكسه يَوماً فَإِنَّهُ
يَلوحappears لَدىbefore الأَفهامminds طَوراًat times وَيَعزُبُand slips away
يَلوح لَدى الأَفهام طَوراً وَيَعزُبُ
And if you never reverse it, then it
Leave it unreversed, and for a time
appears to the mind at times, then slips away.
It eludes the mind, fleeting and remote
فَثَانيهso its second letter مَعَwith تاليهِwhat follows it ماthat which دامَkeeps صَبّكمyour ardent lover
فَثَانيه مَعَ تاليهِ ما دامَ صَبّكم
عَليهِwith it مَدىthroughout الأَيّامthe days يَلهوamuses himself وَيَلعَبُand plays
عَليهِ مَدى الأَيّام يَلهو وَيَلعَبُ
Its second letter, with what follows it, is what your lover keeps
Its second and next letters, as long as you
amusing himself and playing with, throughout all his days.
Play with them, amuse and entertain
وَثالِثُهُand its third letter معwith رابِعٍa fourth letter إِذاwhen ماever قَرنتَهُyou join it
وَثالِثُهُ مع رابِعٍ إِذا ما قَرنتَهُ
بِثانيهِto its second letter يَبدوappears وَجهthe face of حُبّيmy love المُحَجَّبُveiled
بِثانيهِ يَبدو وَجه حُبّي المُحَجَّبُ
And whenever you join its third and fourth
And the third joined to the fourth
to its second, my love's veiled face appears.
Reveal the face of my veiled beloved
فَماso no بَعدَهُbeyond it مَرأىa sight يَروقُdelights لِناظِرٍa beholder
فَما بَعدَهُ مَرأى يَروقُ لِناظِرٍ
أَبَعدَis there beyond سُلَيمىSulayma فيin الصَبابةِardent love مَطلَبُa goal
أَبَعدَ سُلَيمى في الصَبابةِ مَطلَبُ
Beyond it no sight delights a beholder;
What comes after is a vision that delights
beyond Sulayma, is there any goal in ardent love?
A seeker, far beyond Suleima's pursuit
تَرانيyou see me وَقَدwhile already أَبصَرتُهُI have beheld it مُتَهَلّلاًbeaming
تَراني وَقَد أَبصَرتُهُ مُتَهَلّلاً
أُغالِبُI struggle against فيهِfor it الشَوقَlonging وَالشَوقُyet longing أَغلَبُis stronger
أُغالِبُ فيهِ الشَوقَ وَالشَوقُ أَغلَبُ
You see me beaming, having beheld it,
I saw it sparkling, overcome with longing
struggling with longing for it—yet longing is stronger.
Battling my passion, though passion conquers me
فَياso O فاضِلاًman of merit شادَbuilt القَريضَpoetry بِفِكرِهِwith his thought
فَيا فاضِلاً شادَ القَريضَ بِفِكرِهِ
لَهُhe has فيin مَجالِthe field of البَحثِinquiry رَأيٌan opinion مُصَوَّبُdeemed correct
لَهُ في مَجالِ البَحثِ رَأيٌ مُصَوَّبُ
So, O man of merit, who built poetry with his thought,
So O eminent one whose poetry exalts the mind
whose judgment in the field of inquiry is held sound,
Whose judgment in research is rightly guided
وَمَنand one who فاقَsurpassed أَبناءَthe sons of الزَمانِthe age وَمَنand one who غَداcame to be
وَمَن فاقَ أَبناءَ الزَمانِ وَمَن غَدا
لَهُhe has هِمَّةٌan ambition هامَthe heads of السِمَاكَينِthe two Simak stars تصحَبُkeeps company with
لَهُ هِمَّةٌ هامَ السِمَاكَينِ تصحَبُ
and you who surpassed the sons of the age, and came
You surpassed the scholars of your time
to possess ambition consorting with the crowns of the two Simaks,
Your ambition rising to the highest peak
تَأَمّلconsider جَواباًan answer قَدalready جَلاdispelled غَيهَبthe deep gloom of الدُجىnight's darkness
تَأَمّل جَواباً قَد جَلا غَيهَب الدُجى
يُخَبِّرtells عَنof مَعنىthe meaning of حَبابٍHabab وَيُعرِبُand clarifies
يُخَبِّر عَن مَعنى حَبابٍ وَيُعرِبُ
consider an answer that has dispelled night's deepest gloom,
Consider the luminous answer that reveals
explaining and making plain Habab's meaning.
A beloved's meaning and grammar intertwined
وَخُذهاand take it كَرَوضٍlike a meadow جادَهُwatered it generously سَبِلfalling showers of الحَياrain
وَخُذها كَرَوضٍ جادَهُ سَبِل الحَيا
وَأَضحَتand have come to be أَغصانهاits branches الوُرقthe gray doves تَخطُبُorate
وَأَضحَت أَغصانها الوُرق تَخطُبُ
And take it as a meadow watered by falling rain,
Take it as a meadow whose paths gave life
where gray doves now orate upon its branches.
Its branches now petitioning leaves
فَلاso may you never زِلتَcease فيin أَمنٍsafety وَعِزٍّand honor وَرِفعَةٍand high rank
فَلا زِلتَ في أَمنٍ وَعِزٍّ وَرِفعَةٍ
تَجيدُyou perfect قَوافيthe rhymes of الشِعرَpoetry وَالضِدand the adversary تُعطِبُyou destroy
تَجيدُ قَوافي الشِعرَ وَالضِد تُعطِبُ
May you ever remain in safety, honor, and high estate,
You remain in safety, honour and nobility
perfecting poetry's rhymes and destroying the foe,
Excelling in rhyme and paronomasia
مَدىthroughout الدَهرall time ماas long as غَنَّتsings بِأَيكٍin a grove حَمامَةٌa dove
مَدى الدَهر ما غَنَّت بِأَيكٍ حَمامَةٌ
وَدارand revolves عَلىover أَعلىthe highest part of المَجَرَّةِthe Milky Way كَوكَبُa star
وَدار عَلى أَعلى المَجَرَّةِ كَوكَبُ
for all time, as long as a dove sings in a grove,
As long as a turtledove sings on the high bough
and a star wheels above the Milky Way's highest reaches.
And a planet circles the celestial dome