إِلىtoward أَيِّwhich ضوءٍlight مِنamong بُروقِlightning flashes of المُنىhopes تَعشوdo you look dimly
إِلى أَيِّ ضوءٍ مِن بُروقِ المُنى تَعشو
وَغَيثand the rain الصَواديthe thirsty سارَdeparted منكَfrom you بِهِwith it نَعشُa bier
وَغَيث الصَوادي سارَ منكَ بِهِ نَعشُ
Toward which light of hope's lightning do you grope,
To what faint light from the lightning of hopes do you turn your dim eyes?
when a bier has carried away from you the rain for the thirsty?
While the rain that quenched the thirsty has departed from you, carried upon a bier.
أَلاalas عَمِيَتhas gone blind عَينُthe eye of الزَمانِTime فَلاso no هُدىguidance
أَلا عَمِيَت عَينُ الزَمانِ فَلا هُدى
وَشلَّتand is paralyzed يَمينُthe right hand of المَجدِglory مِنكَfrom you فَلاso no بَطشُpower to strike
وَشلَّت يَمينُ المَجدِ مِنكَ فَلا بَطشُ
Alas, Time's eye has gone blind: no guidance remains,
Behold, the eye of Time has gone blind, leaving no guidance,
and Glory's right hand is paralyzed at your loss, powerless to strike.
And the right hand of Glory is paralyzed by your loss, leaving no power to strike.
يَخيّلُit seems ليto me أَنَّthat الضُّحىdaylight بَعدَكَafter you الدُجىdarkness
يَخيّلُ لي أَنَّ الضُّحى بَعدَكَ الدُجى
وَأَنَّand that النَدىbounty القَفرُwasteland وَالأنسُand companionship الوحشُdesolation
وَأَنَّ النَدى القَفرُ وَالأنسُ الوحشُ
It seems to me that daylight after you is darkness,
It seems to me that the morning sun, after you, is pitch darkness,
that bounty is wasteland, and companionship desolation.
And that generosity is a barren waste, and companionship is desolation.
أَهمُّI contemplate بِنَبشيmy digging up قَبركَyour grave الطَيِّبsweet الثَرىof soil
أَهمُّ بِنَبشي قَبركَ الطَيِّب الثَرى
لَعَلّيperhaps I أَستَشفيmay find healing وَإِنand even if حُرِّمَis forbidden النَبشُexhumation
لَعَلّي أَستَشفي وَإِن حُرِّمَ النَبشُ
I contemplate digging up your grave, whose earth is sweet,
I yearn to unearth your grave, so fragrant is its soil,
hoping to find healing, though exhumation is forbidden.
Hoping I might find a cure, even if exhumation is forbidden.
كَأَنّيas though I وَقَدand already أَودَعتكَI laid you القَبرin the grave طائِرٌa bird
كَأَنّي وَقَد أَودَعتكَ القَبر طائِرٌ
كَسيرُbroken جَناحٍof wing لاno فراخَfledglings وَلاand no عُشُّnest
كَسيرُ جَناحٍ لا فراخَ وَلا عُشُّ
As though, having laid you in the grave, I were a bird
It is as though I, having entrusted you to the grave, am a bird
with a broken wing, without fledglings or nest.
With a broken wing, possessing neither chicks nor a nest.
مَحَلٌّlawful لِعَينيfor my eye دَمعُهاits tears وَسُهادُهاand its sleeplessness
مَحَلٌّ لِعَيني دَمعُها وَسُهادُها
وَحُرمٌand forbidden عَلىto جَنبيmy side الأسرّةُbeds وَالفرشُand bedding
وَحُرمٌ عَلى جَنبي الأسرّةُ وَالفرشُ
Tears and sleeplessness are lawful for my eye,
My eyes have become a dwelling place for tears and sleeplessness,
but beds and bedding are forbidden to my side.
And forbidden to my side are soft beds and mattresses.
أعَزّىI am consoled وَصَوتيand my voice بِالنَعِيِّin announcing death أَمُدُّهُI prolong it
أعَزّى وَصَوتي بِالنَعِيِّ أَمُدُّهُ
كَماas مَدّprolonged بالتَحقيقِin precise recitation حَمزَةHamza أَوor وَرشُWarsh
كَما مَدّ بالتَحقيقِ حَمزَة أَو وَرشُ
I am consoled while I prolong my voice in lament,
I seek solace while prolonging my voice in wailing lament,
as Hamza or Warsh prolongs a sound in precise recitation.
Just as Hamza or Warsh elongated the vowels in recitation.
أَراضَتbecame meadows بِمَثواكَthrough your resting-place القُبورُthe graves وَلَمand not يَزَلceased
أَراضَت بِمَثواكَ القُبورُ وَلَم يَزَل
عَلَيهاover them لِساجيfor the still المزنِrainclouds مِنfor أَجلِهِits sake خَفشُfine rain
عَلَيها لِساجي المزنِ مِن أَجلِهِ خَفشُ
The graves have turned to meadows through your resting-place, and still
The graves have become a lush garden by your resting place, and there remains
the quiet rainclouds shed fine rain over them for its sake.
Upon them, for his sake, a dimness cast by the quiet, heavy rain clouds.
نَعَتكَmourned you مَعيwith me زَهرُthe radiant الشُموسِsuns ثَواكِلاًbereaved
نَعَتكَ مَعي زَهرُ الشُموسِ ثَواكِلاً
وَفيand on وردهاtheir roses طَلُّdew المَدامِعِof tears وَالخمشُand scratches
وَفي وردها طَلُّ المَدامِعِ وَالخمشُ
The radiant suns mourned you beside me, bereaved,
The radiant suns of beauty mourned you with me, bereaved mothers all,
and their roses bear tear-dew and scratches.
Upon their rose-cheeks lie the dew of tears and the marks of scratching.
فَسودٌthus black مِنَfrom التَكحيلِkohl حُمرٌred مِنَfrom البُكاweeping
فَسودٌ مِنَ التَكحيلِ حُمرٌ مِنَ البُكا
عَلَيكَfor you وَملسٌand smooth مِنfrom نَعيمِthe softness of الصباyouth حَرشُroughened
عَلَيكَ وَملسٌ مِن نَعيمِ الصبا حَرشُ
Thus black with kohl, red with weeping
Blackened by kohl, reddened by weeping,
for you; smooth with youth's softness, now rough.
Grieving for you, while smooth skin from the comfort of youth turns rough.
شغلنَthey were preoccupied عَنِaway from الحمامِbathing وَالطيبِand perfume وَالحلىand ornaments
شغلنَ عَنِ الحمامِ وَالطيبِ وَالحلى
فَماso not مُيِّزَتwere distinguished مِنهُنَّfrom them عفرُdust-colored gazelles الفَلاof the wilds الحمشُslender-legged
فَما مُيِّزَت مِنهُنَّ عفرُ الفَلا الحمشُ
They were kept from bathing, perfume, and ornaments,
They were distracted from the bath, from perfume, and from ornaments,
so the slim, dust-colored gazelles of the wild could not be told apart from them.
So that the wild, dusty gazelles of the desert could not be distinguished from them.
وَرَدَّand held back يَديmy hand عَنfrom حرِّthe cheek وَجهيof my face حَياؤُهُhis modesty
وَرَدَّ يَدي عَن حرِّ وَجهي حَياؤُهُ
فَإِنand if كانَit was لَمdid not يَخدِشscratch فَفيthen in قَلبيَmy heart الخَدشُthe scratch
فَإِن كانَ لَم يَخدِش فَفي قَلبيَ الخَدشُ
His modesty held my hand back from my cheek;
His modesty turned my hand away from striking the heat of my face,
and if no scratch was made there, the scratch is in my heart.
So if the cheek was not scratched, the scratch lies deep within my heart.
بِرغمِdespite أَبيكَyour father اللَيثthe lion بَزّتكَsnatched you عَنfrom يَدٍa hand
بِرغمِ أَبيكَ اللَيث بَزّتكَ عَن يَدٍ
يَدٌa hand يَتَساوىare equal عِندَهاbefore it الشِبلُthe lion cub وَالجَحشُand the donkey foal
يَدٌ يَتَساوى عِندَها الشِبلُ وَالجَحشُ
Despite your lion-father, you were snatched from his hand
Despite your father being a lion, a hand snatched you away by force,
by a hand to which lion cub and donkey foal are alike.
A hand to which the lion's cub and the donkey's foal are equal.
وَلَوand if فَهِمتunderstood مَعنىthe meaning of الزَمانِTime بهيمَةٌa beast
وَلَو فَهِمت مَعنى الزَمانِ بهيمَةٌ
لَأَعرَضَwould surely turn away خَوفَfor fear of النَسلِoffspring عَنfrom شاتِناour ewe الكَبشُthe ram
لَأَعرَضَ خَوفَ النَسلِ عَن شاتِنا الكَبشُ
If a beast understood the meaning of Time,
And if a dumb beast understood the true meaning of Time,
the ram would shun our ewe, fearing offspring.
The ram would turn away from our ewe for fear of bringing forth offspring.
وَمنand whoever عَرَفَknows الدُنياthe world صَحاsobers مِنfrom سُرورِهِhis joy
وَمن عَرَفَ الدُنيا صَحا مِن سُرورِهِ
وَأَمسىand ends up كَماas أَمسَيتُI ended up مِنfrom هَمِّهِhis grief يَنشوbecomes drunk
وَأَمسى كَما أَمسَيتُ مِن هَمِّهِ يَنشو
Whoever knows the world sobers from his joy,
He who knows the world sobers up from his joy,
and ends, as I have ended, drunk on his grief.
And ends his day, as I have, intoxicated by his grief.
فَأَيُّthen which شَبابٍyouth لاnot يفلُّdoes it blunt شَباتهُits edge
فَأَيُّ شَبابٍ لا يفلُّ شَباتهُ
وَأَيُّand which حَشاًheart لِلحرِّof a noble man بِالحرِّwith heat لاnot يَحشوdoes it fill
وَأَيُّ حَشاً لِلحرِّ بِالحرِّ لا يَحشو
What youth is there whose edge it does not blunt,
For what blade of youth is there whose edge is not dulled?
and what noble man's heart does it not fill with burning heat?
And what heart is there that does not stuff burning heat with more heat?
حَبيبيmy beloved الَّذيwho لاnot صَدرهُhis breast ليtoward me يَنطَويharbors
حَبيبي الَّذي لا صَدرهُ لي يَنطَوي
عَلىupon غَيرِother than ماwhat أَرضىI approve وَلاand not سرّهُhis secret يَفشوis divulged
عَلى غَيرِ ما أَرضى وَلا سرّهُ يَفشو
My beloved, whose breast does not harbor toward me
My beloved, whose heart never harbored against me
anything I dislike, and whose secret is never divulged.
Anything other than what I desire, nor was his secret ever divulged.
وَكُلُّand every حَبيبٍbeloved ماnominalizing particle خَلاexcept الوَلدthe child الَّذيwho
وَكُلُّ حَبيبٍ ما خَلا الوَلد الَّذي
تَقرُّfind contentment بِهِthrough him العَينانboth eyes فيin حُبِّهِhis love غشُّdeceit
تَقرُّ بِهِ العَينان في حُبِّهِ غشُّ
Every beloved, except the child who
And every beloved—except the child who
cools both eyes, has deceit in his love.
Brings delight to the eyes—has deception in their love.
خلقتَyou were created كَريماًnoble فيin السَناءِeminence وَفيand in السنىradiance
خلقتَ كَريماً في السَناءِ وَفي السنى
وَمتَّand you died صَغيراًyoung لاno فجورٌwickedness وَلاand no فُحشُobscenity
وَمتَّ صَغيراً لا فجورٌ وَلا فُحشُ
You were created noble in eminence and radiance,
You were created noble in eminence and in radiance,
and died young, without wickedness or obscenity.
And you died young, untouched by vice or obscenity.
حَلَلتَyou settled بِطوبىin Tuba وَاِحتَلَلتَand I settled جَزيرَةًan island
حَلَلتَ بِطوبى وَاِحتَلَلتَ جَزيرَةً
يروّعنيterrifies me فيهاin it اِبنُson of رَدميرRadmir وَاِدفننشُand Adfanansh
يروّعني فيها اِبنُ رَدمير وَاِدفننشُ
You settled in Tuba, and I settled on an island
You have settled by the Tuba tree of Paradise and occupied an island,
where Ibn Radmir and Adfanansh terrify me.
Wherein Ibn Radmir and Adfuns strike terror into me.
أَفاعيvipers يفاعof the heights نَحنُwe بَينَbetween نُيوبِهاtheir fangs
أَفاعي يفاع نَحنُ بَينَ نُيوبِها
رقاهاtheir charms بيوتُhouses المالِof wealth لَوif أمِنَone were safe from النَهشُbiting
رقاها بيوتُ المالِ لَو أمِنَ النَهشُ
Vipers of the heights: we are between their fangs;
Vipers of the high ground, we are caught between their fangs;
their charms are treasuries—if only one were safe from their bite.
Their charm is the treasury's wealth, if only the biting could be secured against.
وَماand not كُنتَwere you إِلّاexcept جُنّتىmy shield وَتَميمَتيand my amulet
وَما كُنتَ إِلّا جُنّتى وَتَميمَتي
إِذاwhen عَضّتbit الأَيّامُthe days أَوor عَضَّتِbit الرقشُthe speckled snakes
إِذا عَضّت الأَيّامُ أَو عَضَّتِ الرقشُ
You were nothing but my shield and my amulet
And you were nothing but my shield and my talisman,
when the days bit, or the speckled serpents bit.
When the days bit, or the speckled serpents struck.
فَقَدso indeed أفردَتleft me alone مِنكَwithout you المَنِيَّةdeath وَاِشتَفَّتand drained dry
فَقَد أفردَت مِنكَ المَنِيَّة وَاِشتَفَّت
عداًfoes طَعَنواthey stabbed بِالكيدِwith guile مِنهُمfrom them وَإِنand even if بَشّواthey smiled
عداً طَعَنوا بِالكيدِ مِنهُم وَإِن بَشّوا
Death has left me alone without you, and I am drained
Death has singled you out from me, and enemies have gloated,
by foes who stabbed me with their guile, even when they smiled.
Those who stabbed with treachery, even as they smiled in my face.
وَلاand no حَولَmight إِلّاexcept بِالإلهِthrough God وَقُوَّةًand strength
وَلا حَولَ إِلّا بِالإلهِ وَقُوَّةً
بِهِthrough Him مِنamong كَلامٍwords طَيِّبٍgood حُملwas borne العَرشِthe Throne
بِهِ مِن كَلامٍ طَيِّبٍ حُمل العَرشِ
There is no might except through God, nor strength
There is no power nor strength save in God,
save through Him—goodly words by which the Throne was borne.
By Him, and by good words, is the Throne sustained.
رَضيتُI accepted بِحُكمِthe judgment of اللَهِGod وَاِسمكَand your name وَالأَسىand sorrow
رَضيتُ بِحُكمِ اللَهِ وَاِسمكَ وَالأَسى
ثبوتانِboth fixed فيin قَلبيmy heart كَماas ثَبَتَwas fixed النَقشُthe engraving
ثبوتانِ في قَلبي كَما ثَبَتَ النَقشُ
I accepted God's judgment; your name and sorrow
I have accepted God's decree; yet your name and my sorrow
are fixed in my heart as an engraving is fixed.
Are two fixtures in my heart, permanent as an engraving.
وَهُنتُand I weakened عَلىdespite أَنّيthat I am فَتىa man of الفِئَةِthe company الَّتيwhose
وَهُنتُ عَلى أَنّي فَتى الفِئَةِ الَّتي
غَطارفَةُthe nobles of الدُنياthe world إِلىtoward نارِهِمtheir fire تَعشوseek the light
غَطارفَةُ الدُنيا إِلى نارِهِم تَعشو
I have grown weak, though I am a man of that company
I have become insignificant, though I am the youth of that faction
whose fire the world's nobles seek.
Toward whose fire the masters of the world turn their dim eyes.
كرامٌnoble men يَنابيعُsprings of النَدىbounty فيin أَكُفِّهِمtheir palms
كرامٌ يَنابيعُ النَدى في أَكُفِّهِم
إِذاwhen غَرِقواthey inundate ظَنّواthey think بِأَنَّهُمthat they رشّواsprinkled
إِذا غَرِقوا ظَنّوا بِأَنَّهُم رشّوا
Noble men, the springs of bounty are in their palms;
Noble ones, in whose palms are springs of generosity;
when they inundate, they think they have only sprinkled.
If they drown men in gifts, they deem they have merely sprinkled water.
تَسَلَّواthey took solace بِماءِwith the juice of الكرمِthe grapevine أَيّامَthe days of عَصرِهِits pressing
تَسَلَّوا بِماءِ الكرمِ أَيّامَ عَصرِهِ
وَعافوهُand they shunned it لمّاwhen قيلَit was said حَرَّمَهُmade it forbidden النَشُّfermentation
وَعافوهُ لمّا قيلَ حَرَّمَهُ النَشُّ
They took solace in the vine's juice in the days of its pressing,
They found solace in the water of the vine during the days of its pressing,
and shunned it when told that fermentation had made it forbidden.
And abandoned it when it was said that intoxication made it forbidden.
وَقَدand sometimes تَركَبُride الخَيلَhorses العِتاقَthoroughbred عَبيدُهُمtheir slaves
وَقَد تَركَبُ الخَيلَ العِتاقَ عَبيدُهُم
وَيَرضونَand they are content حُبّاًout of love لِلتَواضُعِfor humility أَنto يَمشواthey walk
وَيَرضونَ حُبّاً لِلتَواضُعِ أَن يَمشوا
Their slaves sometimes ride thoroughbred horses,
Their slaves may ride upon noble steeds,
while they are content to walk, out of love for humility.
While they are content, for the love of humility, to walk.
يَرىsees حَسَناتيmy virtues ذوthe one possessing الجَهالَةِignorance حاسِديmy envier
يَرى حَسَناتي ذو الجَهالَةِ حاسِدي
وذوand the one possessing العِلمَknowledge أَرأىmore discerning لَيسَis not كَالنَخلِlike palm trees الحَفشُscrub
وذو العِلمَ أَرأى لَيسَ كَالنَخلِ الحَفشُ
My ignorant envier sees my virtues;
My ignorant envier sees only my apparent fortunes,
the learned sees more clearly: scrub is not like palm trees.
But the man of knowledge sees deeper; the bad dates are not like the lush palm.
مَغانيكَyour haunts ياO عَبدَAbd الغَنِيَّal-Ghani حُبَيّبيmy little beloved
مَغانيكَ يا عَبدَ الغَنِيَّ حُبَيّبي
بِهاin them عَطَشٌthirst هَلis there مَنthe one who حباكَbestowed you لَهاfor them طَشُّa light shower
بِها عَطَشٌ هَل مَن حباكَ لَها طَشُّ
Your haunts, O Abd al-Ghani, my little beloved,
Your dwelling places, O Abd al-Ghani, my little beloved,
are thirsty; has He who bestowed you a light shower for them?
Suffer a thirst within them; has the One who gifted you sent them a sprinkle of rain?
جَعَلتُI began أُداويI treat عِلَّتَيكyour two ailments تَعِلَّةًa consolation
جَعَلتُ أُداوي عِلَّتَيك تَعِلَّةً
عَسىperhaps الدَمُthe blood يرقاwill stop flowing وَالتَوَرُّمَand the swelling يَنفَشُّwill subside
عَسى الدَمُ يرقا وَالتَوَرُّمَ يَنفَشُّ
I kept treating your two ailments, sustaining hope,
I tried to treat your two ailments as a mere distraction,
that the bleeding might stop and the swelling subside.
Hoping the blood would cease to flow and the swelling would subside.
سَأَلتُI asked أَطِبّاءَphysicians of المَرِيَّةِAlmeria عَنهُماabout them both
سَأَلتُ أَطِبّاءَ المَرِيَّةِ عَنهُما
وَقُرطُبَةand Cordoba حَتّىeven الَّذيthe one whose دارهُhis home أَلشُElche
وَقُرطُبَة حَتّى الَّذي دارهُ أَلشُ
I asked Almeria's physicians about them both,
I asked the physicians of Almería about them,
and Cordoba's, even the one whose home is Elche.
And those of Córdoba, even he whose home is in Elche.
فَحارَتso were bewildered عُيونُthe eyes of القَومِthe men فيكَat you مِنَby السَناradiance
فَحارَت عُيونُ القَومِ فيكَ مِنَ السَنا
كَأَنَّكَas though you شَمسٌa sun قابَلتهُمfaced them وَهُمwhile they عُمشُbleary-eyed
كَأَنَّكَ شَمسٌ قابَلتهُم وَهُم عُمشُ
The men's eyes were bewildered by your radiance,
But the eyes of the people were bewildered by you, from the radiance,
as though you were a sun facing them while they were bleary-eyed.
As if you were a sun confronting them while they were dim-sighted.
وَفهمand the understanding of سُلَيمانٍSolomon لِفَضلِfor the excellence of قَضائِهِhis judgment
وَفهم سُلَيمانٍ لِفَضلِ قَضائِهِ
لَدىin the matter of نَفشnight-grazing غَيريsomeone other than me يَقولُcalls لَهُit نَفشُnafsh (night-grazing)
لَدى نَفش غَيري يَقولُ لَهُ نَفشُ
Even Solomon's understanding, with his excellent judgment
And Solomon’s understanding, by the virtue of his judgment,
in the matter of night-grazing, which another calls 'nafsh',
Regarding the straying sheep of another, pronounces: 'It was a night-pasture'.
خَباdimmed وَنَباand faltered لَمّاwhen أَتاهُcame to him حمامُهُhis death
خَبا وَنَبا لَمّا أَتاهُ حمامُهُ
فَخَرّso he fell لقىًlifeless وَالجِنُّand the jinn عَنabout أَمرِهِhis condition تَعشوwere blind
فَخَرّ لقىً وَالجِنُّ عَن أَمرِهِ تَعشو
dimmed and faltered when his death came;
He faded and departed when his appointed death came to him,
he fell lifeless, while the jinn were blind to his state.
He fell down, a cast-off corpse, while the Jinn were blind to his condition.
ثَكلتُI was bereaved of أَحبّائيmy loved ones فَهَلso is كُلُّevery شامِتٍgloater
ثَكلتُ أَحبّائي فَهَل كُلُّ شامِتٍ
عَلىupon ثِقَةٍcertainty أَنthat لاnot يُغَشّىwill be enveloped الَّذيwhat غَشّواthey were enveloped by
عَلى ثِقَةٍ أَن لا يُغَشّى الَّذي غَشّوا
I have lost my loved ones; is every gloater
I have been bereaved of my loved ones; so is every gloater
certain that what shrouded them will not shroud him?
Confident that he will not be covered by the same fate that covered them?
تَزَهّدتI became ascetic فيtoward الدُنياthe world وَتُهتُand grew proud عَلىover المَلاthe crowd
تَزَهّدت في الدُنيا وَتُهتُ عَلى المَلا
فَلَوso even if بِتُّI spent the night أطوىhungry لَمnot أَقُلwould I say لَهُماto them both عشّواserve supper
فَلَو بِتُّ أطوى لَم أَقُل لَهُما عشّوا
I renounced the world and held myself above the crowd;
I have renounced the world and wandered lost from the crowd,
even if I spent the night hungry, I would not tell either, 'Serve supper,'
So if I spent the night starving, I would not say to them, 'Give me supper'.
بِمَوتِbecause of the death of الَّذيthe one whom يسقيgives drink وَيُطعِمُand feeds مالَهُhis wealth
بِمَوتِ الَّذي يسقي وَيُطعِمُ مالَهُ
وَمَنand the one whose شُربُهhis drinking وَغلٌgatecrashing for drink وَمَطعَمُهُand his eating وَرشُgatecrashing for food
وَمَن شُربُه وَغلٌ وَمَطعَمُهُ وَرشُ
for death takes him whose wealth gives him drink and food,
Because of the death of the one who used to give drink and feed from his wealth,
and him who gatecrashes for drink and sponges for food.
While his own drink was dregs and his food was a hasty snatch.