تلثّمَHe veiled his mouth بالعقيقِwith carnelian علىover اللآليthe pearls
تلثّمَ بالعقيقِ على اللآلي
فغشّىso he shrouded الفجرَthe dawn منfrom شفَقِthe twilight glow of الجمالِbeauty
فغشّى الفجرَ من شفَقِ الجمالِ
He drew a carnelian veil over pearls,
and shrouded dawn in the twilight glow of beauty.
وقنّعَand veiled بالدُجىwith darkness شمسَthe sun of المُحيّاthe face
وقنّعَ بالدُجى شمسَ المُحيّا
فبرقَعَso he masked بالضُحىwith morning light ليلَthe night of القَذالِthe back of the head
فبرقَعَ بالضُحى ليلَ القَذالِ
He veiled the sun of his face with darkness,
and masked the night at the back of his head with morning light.
وهزّand swayed قَوامَهُhis figure فثَنىthen bent قضيباًa slender branch
وهزّ قَوامَهُ فثَنى قضيباً
إليهِto it تنقّلتْpassed دولُthe dominions of العواليlofty spears
إليهِ تنقّلتْ دولُ العوالي
He swayed his figure, bending a slender branch
to which the dominion of lofty spears had passed.
ودبّand crept عِذارُهُhis cheek-down فسعتْso hurried إليناtoward us
ودبّ عِذارُهُ فسعتْ إلينا
أفاعيvipers of الموتِdeath فيin صُوَرthe shapes of النِّمالِants
أفاعي الموتِ في صُوَر النِّمالِ
His cheek-down crept forth, and toward us sped
death's vipers in the shapes of ants.
بَداHe appeared فتقطّعتْso were torn مُهَجُthe hearts of الغوانيbeautiful women
بَدا فتقطّعتْ مُهَجُ الغواني
وخاضَتْand plunged فيهinto him أحداقُthe eyes of الرجالِmen
وخاضَتْ فيه أحداقُ الرجالِ
He appeared, and the hearts of beauties broke,
while men's eyes plunged into him.
وخُتِّمَand he was ringed بالعقيقِwith carnelian فزانso he adorned عنديin my eyes
وخُتِّمَ بالعقيقِ فزان عندي
بمعصَمِon the wrist of وعدِهhis promise حَليَthe jewels of المِطالِdelay
بمعصَمِ وعدِه حَليَ المِطالِ
Ringed with carnelian, he made lovely in my eyes
the jewels of delay on the wrist of his promise.
لقدindeed جرَحَتْwounded نواظِرُهhis eyes فؤاديmy heart
لقد جرَحَتْ نواظِرُه فؤادي
فماso what لَكfor you ياO صَوارمَهاtheir keen swords وماand what ليfor me
فما لَك يا صَوارمَها وما لي
His eyes have indeed wounded my heart;
so what have you to do with me, O their keen swords, or I with you?
عمِلْتِYou applied الجزْمَcutting-off (jussive) بيto me وخفضْتِand lowered (made genitive) منّيof me
عمِلْتِ الجزْمَ بي وخفضْتِ منّي
محلّthe place of النّصبِaffliction (accusative) ثمّthen رفَعْتِyou raised حاليmy state
محلّ النّصبِ ثمّ رفَعْتِ حالي
You cut me short and lowered within me
the seat of affliction, then raised my state.
بروحيwith my soul منهof him شخصاًa form جُؤذَريّاًlike a wild-ox calf
بروحي منه شخصاً جُؤذَريّاً
يَصيدُhunts الأُسْدَlions فيin فعلِthe manner of الغَزالِa gazelle
يَصيدُ الأُسْدَ في فعلِ الغَزالِ
My soul would ransom his form, like a wild-ox calf,
that hunts lions while acting as a gazelle.
تَزاوَرTurn aside عنfrom خِباهُhis tent فثمَّfor there شمسٌis a sun
تَزاوَر عن خِباهُ فثمَّ شمسٌ
تبلّجَhas dawned brightly حولَهاaround it فجرُthe dawn of النِّصالِblades
تبلّجَ حولَها فجرُ النِّصالِ
Turn aside from his tent: there is a sun there,
around which the dawn of blades has broken.
وخُذْand turn عنaway from وجنتَيْهِhis two cheeks فثمَّfor there وردٌis a rose
وخُذْ عن وجنتَيْهِ فثمَّ وردٌ
حَماهُguarded it الهُدْبُthe eyelashes منof شوكِthe thorns of النِّبالِarrows
حَماهُ الهُدْبُ من شوكِ النِّبالِ
Turn from his cheeks: there is a rose there,
guarded by lashes made of the thorns of arrows.
إلامَhow long أُلامُam I blamed فيهfor him ولاand not أُحاشيI shy away
إلامَ أُلامُ فيه ولا أُحاشي
ويرقُبُنيand watches me الحِمامُdeath ولاand not أُباليI care
ويرقُبُني الحِمامُ ولا أُبالي
How long shall I be blamed for him? I do not shy away,
though death watches me, and I do not care.
أورّيI conceal by allusion عنْabout هواهُlove for him بحبِّwith love for ليلىLayla
أورّي عنْ هواهُ بحبِّ ليلى
وفيهand about him تغزُّليmy love poetry وبهِand with him اِشتغاليmy preoccupation
وفيه تغزُّلي وبهِ اِشتغالي
I conceal my love for him beneath love for Layla,
yet he is the subject of my love songs and my preoccupation.
وليلٍand a night كالبنفسجِlike violets باتَhe spent the night فيهِin it
وليلٍ كالبنفسجِ باتَ فيهِ
ينشّقُنيmaking me inhale رَياحينَfragrant herbs of الوِصالِunion
ينشّقُني رَياحينَ الوِصالِ
And on a night like violets, he stayed
making me breathe the fragrant herbs of union.
دخلْتُI entered عليهhis presence والظُلُماتُwhile the darkness تُرخيlet fall
دخلْتُ عليه والظُلُماتُ تُرخي
ذَوائِبَهاits tresses علىupon صَلْتِthe bare face of الهِلالِthe crescent
ذَوائِبَها على صَلْتِ الهِلالِ
I entered his presence while the darkness let fall
its tresses upon the bare crescent.
فقدّمso he offered ليto me العَقيقَcarnelian قِرىًas hospitality لعَينيfor my eye
فقدّم لي العَقيقَ قِرىً لعَيني
وقرّطَand adorned with earrings سَمعيmy hearing الدُرَرَpearls الغَواليprecious
وقرّطَ سَمعي الدُرَرَ الغَوالي
He offered me carnelian as a feast for my eye,
and hung precious pearls as earrings upon my hearing.
وباتand spent the night ضجيعهُhis bedfellow الضرغامُthe lion منّيfrom me
وبات ضجيعهُ الضرغامُ منّي
ومنهُand from him مُضاجعيmy bedfellow ريمُthe gazelle of الحِجالِcurtained chambers
ومنهُ مُضاجعي ريمُ الحِجالِ
The lion in me spent the night as his bedfellow,
while the gazelle of curtained chambers in him shared my bed.
وقامand arose لديهِbeside him منfrom وَرَعيmy piety وعيظٌan admonisher
وقام لديهِ من وَرَعي وعيظٌ
يعرّفُنيteaching me الحَرامَthe unlawful منfrom الحَلالِthe lawful
يعرّفُني الحَرامَ من الحَلالِ
An admonisher arose beside him from my piety,
teaching me the unlawful from the lawful.
إذاwhenever اِمتدّتْreached out إليهtoward him يَمينُthe right hand of نَفسيmy soul
إذا اِمتدّتْ إليه يَمينُ نَفسي
ثنَيْتُI drew back عنانَهاits reins بيَديwith my hand الشِّمالِthe left
ثنَيْتُ عنانَها بيَدي الشِّمالِ
Whenever my soul's right hand reached toward him,
I drew back its reins with my left hand.
وإنّيand indeed I فتىًa youth أميلُincline بلحْظِwith the glance of طَرْفيmy eye
وإنّي فتىً أميلُ بلحْظِ طَرْفي
لمَنْtoward whom أهوىI love ويُغْضيand turns away عنهُfrom him باليmy mind
لمَنْ أهوى ويُغْضي عنهُ بالي
I am a youth whose eye's glance inclines
toward the one I love, while my mind looks away from him.
وإنْand if قامتْrise إلىtoward الفَحْشاءِindecency يوماًone day
وإنْ قامتْ إلى الفَحْشاءِ يوماً
بيwith me الشّهواتُdesires تُقعِدُنيmake me sit خِصاليmy virtues
بي الشّهواتُ تُقعِدُني خِصالي
And if one day toward indecency I am lifted
by desires, my virtues set me down.
أحبُّI love الكِذْبَfalsehood فيin التشبيهِsimiles هَزْلاًplayfully
أحبُّ الكِذْبَ في التشبيهِ هَزْلاً
وأهوىand I cherish الصِّدقَtruth فيin جِدِّthe seriousness of المَقالِspeech
وأهوى الصِّدقَ في جِدِّ المَقالِ
I love falsehood playfully in similes,
and cherish truth in serious discourse.
فليso mine is وَعْظٌadmonition أشدُّstronger منthan الرّواسيrooted mountains
فلي وَعْظٌ أشدُّ من الرّواسي
وليand mine is غزَلٌlove poetry أرقُّgentler منthan الشَّمالِthe north wind
ولي غزَلٌ أرقُّ من الشَّمالِ
Mine is admonition firmer than rooted mountains,
and mine is love poetry gentler than the north wind.
أناI الهاديthe guide إذاwhen الشُعراءُpoets هامُواwander
أنا الهادي إذا الشُعراءُ هامُوا
بواديthrough the valley of الشِّعرِpoetry فيin ليلِthe night of الضّلالِerror
بوادي الشِّعرِ في ليلِ الضّلالِ
I am the guide when poets wander
through poetry's valley in the night of error.
مُجَلّيforemost among السابقينthe racers إلىtoward المَعانيmeanings
مُجَلّي السابقين إلى المَعاني
وفارسُand the knight of بحثِهاtheir inquiry يومَon the day of الجِدالِdebate
وفارسُ بحثِها يومَ الجِدالِ
Foremost among those who race toward meanings,
and the champion of their inquiry on the day of debate.
تدلُّplay coyly لدىat النّشيدِrecitation بناتُthe daughters of فِكريmy thought
تدلُّ لدى النّشيدِ بناتُ فِكري
علىto أذُنيmy ear وتُنسينيand make me forget فِعاليmy deeds
على أذُني وتُنسيني فِعالي
At recitation, the daughters of my thought play coy
with my ear and make me forget my deeds.
ويشهدُand attests ليfor me بدعْوىto the claim of الفضلِexcellence قُربيmy closeness
ويشهدُ لي بدعْوى الفضلِ قُربي
لدىwith برَكاتِBarakat نقّادِthe critic of المعانيmeanings
لدى برَكاتِ نقّادِ المعاني
My closeness attests my claim to excellence
with Barakat, the discerning critic of meanings.
تملّكَنيpossessed me هواهُlove for him فزِدْتُso I grew فضلاًin excellence
تملّكَني هواهُ فزِدْتُ فضلاً
وفضلُand the excellence of العبدِthe servant منcomes from شرَفِthe nobility of المَواليmasters
وفضلُ العبدِ من شرَفِ المَوالي
Love of him possessed me, and I grew in excellence;
a servant's excellence comes from the nobility of his masters.
جمالُthe beauty of الفضلِexcellence مركزُthe center of نيّرَيْهِits two luminaries
جمالُ الفضلِ مركزُ نيّرَيْهِ
كمالُthe perfection of بُدورِthe full moons of أبناءِthe sons of الكَمالِperfection
كمالُ بُدورِ أبناءِ الكَمالِ
The beauty of excellence, the focus of its twin luminaries,
the perfection of the full moons of perfection's sons.
رفيعُlofty عُلاًin glory إلىto هامِthe crowns of الثُريّاthe Pleiades
رفيعُ عُلاً إلى هامِ الثُريّا
رَقيhe rose بسلالِمon the ladders of الهِمَمِaspirations العَواليlofty
رَقي بسلالِم الهِمَمِ العَوالي
Lofty in glory, to the crown of the Pleiades
he rose on ladders of high aspiration.
موقّىprotected العِرضِin honor فيon سَنَنِthe path of السّجاياvirtues
موقّى العِرضِ في سَنَنِ السّجايا
مُبيدُexhausting المالِwealth فيin سَبْقِracing to النّوالِbestow gifts
مُبيدُ المالِ في سَبْقِ النّوالِ
His honor kept safe on the path of virtues,
he exhausts wealth by racing to bestow gifts.
شُجاعٌbrave فيهthrough him تتّسعُgrow wide المناياdeaths
شُجاعٌ فيه تتّسعُ المنايا
إذاwhen ماindeed كرّhe charges فيin ضيقِthe narrowness of المجالِthe field
إذا ما كرّ في ضيقِ المجالِ
Brave: through him death spreads wide
when he charges in a narrow field.
إذاwhen بدُجىamid the darkness of القَتامِbattle-dust بَداhe appears بدِرْعٍin armor
إذا بدُجى القَتامِ بَدا بدِرْعٍ
أراناhe shows us الشمسَthe sun فيin ثوبِthe robe of الهِلالِthe crescent
أرانا الشمسَ في ثوبِ الهِلالِ
When he appears in armor amid the darkness of battle-dust,
he shows us the sun in the crescent's robe.
هوhe العدلُjustice الّذيwho بالوَصْفِin description يعنوbows
هو العدلُ الّذي بالوَصْفِ يعنو
لهto him العلَمُthe eminent figure المعرَّفُknown بالجَلالِfor majesty
له العلَمُ المعرَّفُ بالجَلالِ
He is justice itself, before whose portrayal bows
the eminent figure renowned for majesty.
فكمْso how many لعِداهُfor his foes فيهthrough him منَof الصّياصيfortresses
فكمْ لعِداهُ فيه منَ الصّياصي
بُروجٌtowers منof كَواكبِهاtheir stars خوالِempty
بُروجٌ من كَواكبِها خوالِ
Through him, how many of his foes' fortresses are
towers emptied of their stars!
غَوامضُthe subtleties of فِكرِهhis thought تَحكيresemble الدَّراريbrilliant stars
غَوامضُ فِكرِه تَحكي الدَّراري
وطيبُand the fragrance of ثَناهُhis praise يَرخُصُbrings cheapness بالغواليto precious perfumes
وطيبُ ثَناهُ يَرخُصُ بالغوالي
The subtleties of his thought resemble brilliant stars,
and the fragrance of his praise makes precious perfumes seem cheap.
يرىhe sees الدُنياthe world وإنْalthough عظُمَتْit grows great وجلّتand exalted
يرى الدُنيا وإنْ عظُمَتْ وجلّت
لديهto him أقلَّless منthan شِسْعِthe strap of النِّعالِsandals
لديه أقلَّ من شِسْعِ النِّعالِ
He sees the world, though great and exalted,
as worth less to him than a sandal strap.
بهthrough him اِنطلقَwas freed السّماحُgenerosity وكانand it was رَهْناًa hostage
به اِنطلقَ السّماحُ وكان رَهْناً
وأضحىand became البُخْلُmiserliness مَشدودَbound fast العِقالِby a hobble
وأضحى البُخْلُ مَشدودَ العِقالِ
Through him generosity was freed, though it had been held hostage,
and miserliness became bound fast with a hobble.
تَزينُadorn بهwith him عواطِلهاtheir bare forms القوافيrhymes
تَزينُ به عواطِلها القوافي
كماas تتزيّنُadorn themselves البيضُfair women الحواليwearing jewels
كما تتزيّنُ البيضُ الحوالي
Rhymes adorn their bare forms with him,
as fair, bejeweled women deck themselves.
فلوْso if مسّhe touched الصّخورَrocks الصُّمَّsolid يوماًone day
فلوْ مسّ الصّخورَ الصُّمَّ يوماً
لفجَّرَهُنَّhe would make them gush بالعَذْبِwith sweet water الزُلالِlimpid
لفجَّرَهُنَّ بالعَذْبِ الزُلالِ
Had he touched the hard, mute rocks one day,
he would have made them gush with sweet, limpid water.
كَميٌّan armored warrior لاnot تُقاتِلُهُfight him الأعاديenemies
كَميٌّ لا تُقاتِلُهُ الأعادي
بأمضىwith anything keener منthan سُيوفِthe swords of الإبتهالِsupplication
بأمضى من سُيوفِ الإبتهالِ
An armored warrior whom foes cannot fight
with anything keener than the swords of supplication.
إذاwhen رَويَتْhave drunk their fill صَوارِمُهُhis keen swords نَجيعاًof gore
إذا رَويَتْ صَوارِمُهُ نَجيعاً
ورَتْthey kindled بحُدودِهاwith their edges نارَthe fire of الوَبالِdestruction
ورَتْ بحُدودِها نارَ الوَبالِ
When his keen swords have drunk their fill of gore,
they kindle with their edges the fire of destruction.
كأنّas though دَمَthe blood of القُرونِchampions لهاfor them سَليطٌlamp-oil
كأنّ دَمَ القُرونِ لها سَليطٌ
وحُمرَand the red of شِفارِهاtheir edges شُعَلُthe flames of الذُبالِwicks
وحُمرَ شِفارِها شُعَلُ الذُبالِ
As though the blood of champions were their lamp-oil,
and their red edges were wick-flames.
منَof القومِthe people الّذينwho سَمَوْاrose high وسادواand ruled
منَ القومِ الّذين سَمَوْا وسادوا
علىover العَرَبِArabs الأواخِرِthe later ones والأواليand the earlier ones
على العَرَبِ الأواخِرِ والأوالي
He is of the people who rose high and ruled
over Arabs, both later and earlier.
مُلوكٌkings كالملائكِlike angels فيin التّلاقيencounters
مُلوكٌ كالملائكِ في التّلاقي
عَفاريتٌdemons جِيادُهُمُtheir steeds السّعاليshe-ghouls
عَفاريتٌ جِيادُهُمُ السّعالي
Kings like angels in encounters,
demons whose steeds are she-ghouls.
أثيلُdeep-rooted in المجدِglory منصورٌgranted victory عليهمْover them
أثيلُ المجدِ منصورٌ عليهمْ
وصارَand became العزُّhonor مَمدودَoutspread in الظِلالِshadows
وصارَ العزُّ مَمدودَ الظِلالِ
Of ancient glory, he is victorious over them,
and honor has cast wide-reaching shadows.
تبيّنbecame clear ليto me الحِجىreason والجودُand generosity فيهin him
تبيّن لي الحِجى والجودُ فيه
ونورُand the light of المجدِglory منfrom قبلِbefore الفِصالِweaning
ونورُ المجدِ من قبلِ الفِصالِ
I discerned reason and generosity in him,
and the light of glory even before weaning.
غَنيتُI had no need عنof الكِرامِgenerous men بهthrough him جميعاًall of them
غَنيتُ عن الكِرامِ به جميعاً
وصُنْتُand I preserved الوجهَmy face عنfrom بذْلِthe offering of السّؤالِrequests
وصُنْتُ الوجهَ عن بذْلِ السّؤالِ
Through him I needed none of the generous men,
and spared my face the indignity of begging.
أأسْتَسقيshould I seek rain السّحائِبَthe clouds نازِحاتٍfar away
أأسْتَسقي السّحائِبَ نازِحاتٍ
وهذاwhile this البحرُsea معترِضاًlies spread حِياليbefore me
وهذا البحرُ معترِضاً حِيالي
Should I seek rain from clouds far away,
when this sea lies spread before me?
وألقَيْتُand I laid down السِلاحَweapons وماand what اِحتِياجيmy need
وألقَيْتُ السِلاحَ وما اِحتِياجي
وفيهand in him تدرُّعيmy donning armor وبهand through him اِعتِقاليmy holding a spear
وفيه تدرُّعي وبه اِعتِقالي
I laid down my weapons—what need have I,
when he is my armor and the spear I hold?
ألاbehold ياO أيُّهاyou البطَلُhero المُرَجّىin whom hope is placed
ألا يا أيُّها البطَلُ المُرَجّى
لدَفعِto repel كتائِبِthe battalions of النوَبِcalamities العُضالِgrievous
لدَفعِ كتائِبِ النوَبِ العُضالِ
O hero in whom hope is placed
to repel the battalions of grievous calamities,
وياand O سَيفَsword of المَنونِdeath وساعِدَيْهاand both her arms
ويا سَيفَ المَنونِ وساعِدَيْها
وباريand carver of قَوسِهاher bow يومَon the day of النِّضالِarchery combat
وباري قَوسِها يومَ النِّضالِ
O sword of death and both her arms,
and carver of her bow on the day of archery combat,
وياand O قمَرmoon of الزّمانِthe age ولاand not أُكَنّيI speak indirectly
ويا قمَر الزّمانِ ولا أُكَنّي
وشمسَand sun of ضُحىthe morning of المُلوكِkings ولاand not أغاليI exaggerate
وشمسَ ضُحى المُلوكِ ولا أغالي
O moon of the age—I use no veiled expression—
and morning sun of kings—I do not exaggerate—
لقدindeed غُبِطَwas envied العُلاhigh glory بخِتانِfor the circumcision of شِبلٍa lion-cub
لقد غُبِطَ العُلا بخِتانِ شِبلٍ
أبوهُhis father أنتis you ياO ليثَlion of النِّزالِcombat
أبوهُ أنت يا ليثَ النِّزالِ
High glory was indeed envied for a lion-cub's circumcision,
whose father is you, O lion of combat.
شَقيقُbrother to الرُشْدِright guidance تَسمِيةًin name وفألاًand omen
شَقيقُ الرُشْدِ تَسمِيةً وفألاً
سَليلُa scion of المجدِglory خيرُthe finest أبٍfather وآلِand family
سَليلُ المجدِ خيرُ أبٍ وآلِ
A brother to right guidance in name and omen,
a scion of glory, of the finest father and family.
نشاhe grew فنَشاso arose لناfor us منهfrom him سُرورٌjoy
نشا فنَشا لنا منه سُرورٌ
يكادُalmost يهزُّshakes أعطافَthe flanks of الجِبالِmountains
يكادُ يهزُّ أعطافَ الجِبالِ
He grew, and from him there grew for us a joy
that almost shook the flanks of mountains.
وحَمْحَمَتِand neighed الجِيادُthe steeds مهلِّلاتٍproclaiming God's oneness
وحَمْحَمَتِ الجِيادُ مهلِّلاتٍ
وصالَand he charged مكَبِّراًproclaiming God's greatness يومَon the day of القِتالِbattle
وصالَ مكَبِّراً يومَ القِتالِ
The steeds neighed, proclaiming God's oneness,
and he charged, proclaiming God's greatness, on the day of battle.
وقرّتْand were gladdened أعيُنُthe eyes of البيضِwhite swords المواضيkeen
وقرّتْ أعيُنُ البيضِ المواضي
ومِسْنَand swayed proudly معاطِفُthe flanks of السُّمرِbrown spears الطِوالِlong
ومِسْنَ معاطِفُ السُّمرِ الطِوالِ
The eyes of keen white swords were gladdened,
and the flanks of long, brown spears swayed proudly.
هوhe الولَدُthe son الّذيwho بأبيهِthrough his father نالَتْwon
هو الولَدُ الّذي بأبيهِ نالَتْ
خُلودَthe perpetuity of الأمْنِsafety أفئِدَةُthe hearts of الرّجالِmen
خُلودَ الأمْنِ أفئِدَةُ الرّجالِ
He is the son through whose father was won
everlasting safety for the hearts of men.
فدامَso may he endure ودُمْتَand may you endure ماas long as اِكتَسَبَتْgained ضِياءًradiance
فدامَ ودُمْتَ ما اِكتَسَبَتْ ضِياءً
نُجومُthe stars of الليلِnight منfrom شمسِthe sun of النّوالِbounty
نُجومُ الليلِ من شمسِ النّوالِ
May he endure, and you endure, as long as radiance is gained
by the stars of night from the sun of bounty.
ولاand never زالَتْcease لكfor you الأيّامُthe days تَدعوpray
ولا زالَتْ لك الأيّامُ تَدعو
ولاand never بَرِحَتْcease تُهنّيكَcongratulating you اللّياليthe nights
ولا بَرِحَتْ تُهنّيكَ اللّيالي
May the days never cease to pray for you,
and may the nights never stop congratulating you.