بمحمدthrough Muhammad صلواinvoke blessings عليهupon him وسلمواand invoke peace
بمحمد صلوا عليه وسلموا
قدindeed أشرقshone الكونthe universe البهيمpitch-black المظلمdarkened
قد أشرق الكون البهيم المظلم
Through Muhammad—invoke blessings upon him and peace—
Pray upon Muhammad and greet him,
the pitch-black, darkened universe has shone.
The darkened universe shone bright.
ليلa night عليهover it الشركidolatry مَدَّspread رواقهits canopy
ليل عليه الشرك مَدَّ رواقه
فهوتthen plunged بهthrough it شُهُبٌmeteors وخرتand fell أَنجمstars
فهوت به شُهُبٌ وخرت أَنجم
A night over which idolatry had spread its canopy:
The night of polytheism spread its halls,
then meteors plunged through it and stars fell.
Shooting stars fell and stars collapsed.
هيthey كالنِّثارlike festive scatterings منfrom الملائكthe angels للورىfor humankind
هي كالنِّثار من الملائك للورى
فرحاin joy بهat him ولكلand for every عاتrebel ترجمpelt
فرحا به ولكل عات ترجم
They were like festive gifts scattered by angels for humankind,
They are like angels' sprinkling upon the earth,
in joy at him, and to pelt every rebel.
Rejoicing in him, interpreting for every admonisher.
وتقدمتهand preceded him منamong الخوارقthe miracles جملةa multitude
وتقدمته من الخوارق جملة
شَدَهwere stunned القُسوسُthe priests لهاby them وحارand was bewildered القيّمthe overseer
شَدَه القُسوسُ لها وحار القيّم
A host of miracles preceded him,
And the miracles came forward to him in a group,
leaving the priests stunned and the overseer bewildered.
Testing the minds and confusing the critic.
نورthe light of الهدىguidance كالصبحlike dawn لاحshone فأُخمِدَتso was quenched
نور الهدى كالصبح لاح فأُخمِدَت
نارُthe fire of المجوسthe Magians ولمand did not تعدreturn to تتضرمblazing
نارُ المجوس ولم تعد تتضرم
The light of guidance shone like dawn, and out went
The light of guidance shone like the dawn, so the Magi's fire was extinguished,
the Magians' fire; it blazed no more.
It no longer flared up.
وتهاوتِand tumbled down الأصنامthe idols منfrom عليائهاtheir lofty places
وتهاوتِ الأصنام من عليائها
كادتalmost لفرطfrom the severity of سقوطهاtheir fall تتحطمshatter
كادت لفرط سقوطها تتحطم
The idols tumbled from their lofty places,
The idols collapsed from their high places,
almost shattering from the sheer force of their fall.
They almost shattered from the intensity of their fall.
وكأنماand as though الارهاصthe prophetic portent ينطقspeaks واعظاadmonishing
وكأنما الارهاص ينطق واعظا
لوif only يفهمcould understand القولَthe words الأصمُّthe deaf one الأبكمthe mute one
لو يفهم القولَ الأصمُّ الأبكم
As though the prophetic portent spoke admonitions,
It was as if the glimmers spoke preaching,
if only the deaf-mute could understand the words.
If only the deaf mute could understand the saying.
ولدتهbore him آمنهAminah أَغراradiant أَبلجاbright-faced
ولدته آمنه أَغرا أَبلجا
بشراa mortal بناموسwith the sacred law of النبوةprophethood يختمis sealed
بشرا بناموس النبوة يختم
Aminah bore him radiant and bright-faced,
His safe mother gave birth to him, white and pure,
a mortal, sealed with the sacred law of prophethood.
Announcing the seal of prophethood.
وعليهand upon him منof سيماthe marks of الكمالperfection مخائلsigns
وعليه من سيما الكمال مخائل
تُجلَىare revealed إذاwhen ماemphasis شامهاbeheld them المتوسمthe discerning observer
تُجلَى إذا ما شامها المتوسم
Upon him were signs of perfection,
And he had the marks of perfection upon him,
revealed whenever a discerning observer beheld them.
Appearing when stared at by the hopeful.
متميزdistinguished جمعcombined الفضائلthe virtues كلهاall of them
متميز جمع الفضائل كلها
خُلُقَاًin character وخَلقَاًand in bodily form ذاthis one لذاكfor that one متممa complement
خُلُقَاً وخَلقَاً ذا لذاك متمم
Distinguished, he gathered every virtue,
He combined all virtues,
in character and form, the one completing the other.
Morally and physically - the perfecter of that.
بُعِثَwas sent النبيthe Prophet محمدMuhammad فيin فترةan interval between prophets
بُعِثَ النبي محمد في فترة
قدindeed سادheld sway فيهاin it كاهنa soothsayer ومنجمand an astrologer
قد ساد فيها كاهن ومنجم
The Prophet Muhammad was sent in an interval between prophets,
The prophet Muhammad was sent in a time,
when soothsayers and astrologers held sway.
When soothsayers and astrologers prevailed.
لمdid not يبقremain فوقupon اَلأرضthe earth إلاexcept مشركan idolater
لم يبق فوق اَلأرض إلا مشرك
أَوor ملحدan atheist فيin تهيهhis bewilderment يترجَّمconjecturing
أَو ملحد في تهيه يترجَّم
None remained upon the earth but an idolater
There was none left on earth but polytheists,
or an atheist conjecturing in his bewilderment.
Or atheists lost in ravings.
وتُنُوسيَand was forgotten الدينُthe faith الحنيفُupright وحرَّفand distorted الthe
وتُنُوسيَ الدينُ الحنيفُ وحرَّف ال
كتبَscriptures العتيقةَancient راهبa monk ومترجمand a translator
كتبَ العتيقةَ راهب ومترجم
The upright faith was forgotten, and distorted were the
The pure religion was vulgarised and the
ancient scriptures by a monk and a translator.
Ancient scriptures distorted by monks and translators.
فأَبيحتso were made permissible الحرماتsanctities والأرواحand lives والand the
فأَبيحت الحرمات والأرواح وال
أعراضhonor إذsince لمdid not يبقremain ثَمَّthere محرمanything forbidden
أعراض إذ لم يبق ثَمَّ محرم
So sanctities and lives were made fair game, as was
So violations, lives, and honors were permitted
honor, for nothing there remained forbidden.
When no prohibitor remained.
كسرىKisra يعمُّspreads علىover المشارقthe eastern lands ظلمهhis oppression
كسرى يعمُّ على المشارق ظلمه
وهرقلand Heraclius منهthan him فيin المغاربthe western lands أظلمmore oppressive
وهرقل منه في المغارب أظلم
Kisra's oppression spread over the eastern lands,
Khosrow's injustice spread over the east,
and Heraclius was more oppressive than he in the western lands.
And Heraclius' was darker in the west.
والناسand the people بينbetween القيصرينthe two emperors كأنهمas though they were
والناس بين القيصرين كأنهم
غنمsheep علىamong تلكthose الذئابwolves تقسمare divided
غنم على تلك الذئاب تقسم
Between the two emperors, the people were like
The people between the two Caesars were like
sheep divided among those wolves,
Sheep split between those wolves.
حتىuntil تمنىwished for الفرسthe Persians عودةthe return of مُزدّكMazdak
حتى تمنى الفرس عودة مُزدّك
وتعوَّذَand sought refuge البيتthe House العتيقthe Ancient وزمزمand Zamzam
وتعوَّذَ البيت العتيق وزمزم
until the Persians wished for Mazdak's return,
Until the Persians wished for the return of Mazdak,
and the Ancient House and Zamzam sought refuge.
And the Ancient House and Zamzam sought refuge.
وفجاءَةًand suddenly أَصغىlistened حراءُHira لرنةto a ringing sound
وفجاءَةً أَصغى حراءُ لرنة
جبريلGabriel فيin أرجائهits reaches يتكلمspeaks
جبريل في أرجائه يتكلم
Suddenly Hira listened to a ringing sound:
Suddenly, Hira heard the chime,
Gabriel was speaking within its reaches.
Of Gabriel in its corners speaking.
غارa cave غداbecame لهدىfor the guidance of الوجودcreation محارةan oyster-shell
غار غدا لهدى الوجود محارة
يتفلّقbursts forth الاصباحthe dawn منهfrom it ويبسمand smiles
يتفلّق الاصباح منه ويبسم
A cave became an oyster-shell for creation's guidance;
The cave became, the next day, a cave of guidance,
from it dawn burst forth and smiled.
Dawn splitting from it, smiling.
فيwithin جوفهits interior اضطجعlay down الأمينthe Trustworthy One مفكراpondering
في جوفه اضطجع الأمين مفكرا
أحقائقare these realities? أمor ماwhat يراهhe sees توهمan illusion
أحقائق أم ما يراه توهم
Within it the Trustworthy One lay down, pondering:
The Trustworthy One lay inside, pondering -
Were these realities, or was what he saw an illusion?
Were these truths or hallucinations he saw?
فأتىthen he came to خديجةKhadijah دثرونيwrap me up زملواcover up
فأتى خديجة دثروني زملوا
مِنfrom خوفهhis fear وهوthough he was الشجاعthe brave one المعلمthe distinguished one
مِن خوفه وهو الشجاع المعلم
He came to Khadijah: "Wrap me up! Cover me!"
So he went to Khadija, covering himself
in his fear, though he was renowned for courage.
From fear, though he was the courageous teacher.
وتضاحكand laughed القومthe people الطغاةthe tyrants لقولهat his words
وتضاحك القوم الطغاة لقوله
إنيindeed I am رسولthe messenger of اللهGod جئتI have come إليكمto you
إني رسول الله جئت إليكم
The tyrannical people laughed at his words:
And the arrogant people laughed at his words,
"I am God's messenger; I have come to you
"I am God's Messenger, I have come to you.
أنthat لاthere is no إلهgod سواهbut Him وهوand He بعرشهupon His throne
أن لا إله سواه وهو بعرشه
اَلأَوّلُthe First المتأخرthe One coming after المتقدمthe One coming before
اَلأَوّلُ المتأخر المتقدم
to say there is no god but Him, and He, upon His throne,
That there is no god but Him, and He is on His Throne,
is the First, the One who comes after and comes before.
The First, the Last, the Apparent, the Hidden."
ومحمدand Muhammad هوhe عبدهHis servant ورسولهand His messenger
ومحمد هو عبده ورسوله
قدindeed جاءَهcame to him منهfrom Him الكتابthe Book المحكمfirmly established
قد جاءَه منه الكتاب المحكم
And Muhammad is His servant and His messenger;
And Muhammad is His slave and messenger,
from Him has come to him the firmly established Book.
The decisive Scripture has come to him from Him.
ياO قومmy people لاdo not تَدعُوinvoke إلهاًa god غيرهother than Him
يا قوم لا تَدعُو إلهاً غيره
هلdo تعبدونyou worship حجارةstones لاdo not تفهمunderstand
هل تعبدون حجارة لا تفهم
O my people, invoke no god but Him.
"O people, do not worship a god other than Him.
Do you worship stones that cannot understand?
Do you worship stones that do not understand?"
هذاthis كتابthe Book of اللهGod فيin إعجازهits inimitability
هذا كتاب الله في إعجازه
لنnever will يأتينَّproduce بمثلهwith its like متكلمa speaker
لن يأتينَّ بمثله متكلم
This is God's Book; in its inimitability,
This is God's Scripture in its inimitability,
no speaker will ever produce its equal."
No speaker can produce its like."
حارتwere bewildered عقولهمtheir minds فقالواso they said إنهindeed it is
حارت عقولهم فقالوا إنه
شعرpoetry بسحرwith the magic of اَلأولينthe ancients مطلسمbewitched
شعر بسحر اَلأولين مطلسم
Their minds were bewildered, so they said, "It is
Their minds were confused, so they said he is
poetry, bewitched with the magic of the ancients."
A poet of ancient magic, spellbound.
قدindeed عاندوهopposed him مكابرينarrogantly وبالغواand went to extremes
قد عاندوه مكابرين وبالغوا
حيثwhere السفيهthe fool منthan الأكابرthe grandees أحلمmore sensible
حيث السفيه من الأكابر أحلم
They opposed him arrogantly and went to extremes,
They obstinately opposed him and went too far,
where a fool was more sensible than their grandees.
Where the foolish one of the elders is more forbearing.
همthey كذبوهcalled him a liar وعذبواand tortured أتباعهhis followers
هم كذبوه وعذبوا أتباعه
فاستعذبواso they found sweet فيهfor his sake العذابthe torment وصممواand stood resolute
فاستعذبوا فيه العذاب وصمموا
They called him a liar and tortured his followers,
They belied him and tortured his followers,
who found sweetness in suffering for his sake and stood resolute.
So they found the torture sweet and insisted.
فتسترواso they hid themselves زمناfor a time وقدand had أخفاهمhidden them
فتستروا زمنا وقد أخفاهم
فيin دارهhis house وقتat the time of الصلاةprayer الأرقمal-Arqam
في داره وقت الصلاة الأرقم
They kept hidden for a time, sheltered
They hid for a while, and he hid them
in his house at prayer-time by al-Arqam,
In his house at the time of the early prayer.
حتىuntil أتاهcame to him اصدعproclaim openly بماwith what تؤمرyou are commanded بهregarding it
حتى أتاه اصدع بما تؤمر به
فبدواso they appeared برغمdespite القومthe people لمdid not يتكتمواconceal themselves
فبدوا برغم القوم لم يتكتموا
until there came to him: "Proclaim openly what you are commanded."
Until He came to him, "Proclaim what you are commanded",
They emerged despite the people, concealing themselves no longer.
So despite the people, they did not conceal.
للهto God منfrom أَبناءthe sons of قيلةQaylah معشرa company
لله من أَبناء قيلة معشر
قدindeed بايعوهpledged allegiance to him علىfor الجهادjihad وأسلمواand embraced Islam
قد بايعوه على الجهاد وأسلموا
Praise be to God for that band of Qaylah's sons,
To God, from the youth of Quraysh, a group
who pledged allegiance to him for jihad and embraced Islam.
Who pledged to him to strive and submit.
فيin غارthe cave of ثورThawr ثانيthe second of اثنينtwo اختفىhe hid
في غار ثور ثاني اثنين اختفى
وكأنماand as though الأعداءُthe enemies دونهماbefore them both عمواwent blind
وكأنما الأعداءُ دونهما عموا
In Thawr's cave he hid, the second of two,
In the Cave of Thawr, the second of two hid,
as though the enemies before them both had gone blind.
As if the enemies around them were blind.
هيit هجرةٌa migration بينbetween الضلالةerror فيصلٌa dividing line
هي هجرةٌ بين الضلالة فيصلٌ
والهديand guidance فاتضحَso became clear السبيلُthe path الأقومthe straightest
والهدي فاتضحَ السبيلُ الأقوم
That migration was a dividing line between error
It was an emigration between misguidance, a separator,
and guidance, and the straightest path became clear.
And guidance, so the path became clear.
فبطيبةso in Taybah انبَثَقَburst forth الضياthe light متألقاًradiant
فبطيبة انبَثَقَ الضيا متألقاً
لمعgleamed الخليجthe Gulf بهwith it وضاءَand shone القلزمal-Qulzum
لمع الخليج به وضاءَ القلزم
In Taybah the light burst forth radiantly,
In Medina, the light emerged radiantly,
the Gulf gleamed with it, and al-Qulzum shone.
Its bay shone and Qalzam glistened.
وإذاand behold بأركانthere were the pillars of الضلالةerror والعمىand blindness
وإذا بأركان الضلالة والعمى
بقليبin the well of بدرBadr بالمهانةin humiliation تردمare buried
بقليب بدر بالمهانة تردم
And behold, the pillars of error and blindness
And the pillars of misguidance and blindness
were buried in humiliation in Badr's well.
At Badr were brought down in disgrace.
وتوالتand came in succession الغزواتthe campaigns حتىuntil أصبحتbecame
وتوالت الغزوات حتى أصبحت
كلall of الجزيرةthe Peninsula للهدىto guidance تستسلمsurrenders
كل الجزيرة للهدى تستسلم
Campaign followed campaign, until
The raids continued until all the peninsula
the whole Peninsula surrendered to guidance.
Submitted to the guidance.
وببرهةand in a short while عمspread over البسيطةthe earth كلهاall of it
وببرهة عم البسيطة كلها
دينa faith لأحوالfor the affairs of العبادhumankind منظمregulating
دين لأحوال العباد منظم
Within a short while, the whole earth was pervaded
And in a moment, the whole plain
by a faith that ordered the affairs of humankind.
Became an organized religion for people's conditions.
صلواpray وصومواand fast وادفعواand pay صدقاتكمyour alms
صلوا وصوموا وادفعوا صدقاتكم
وإليهand to Him بالحجfor the pilgrimage المقدسholy أحرِمواenter consecration
وإليه بالحج المقدس أحرِموا
Pray, fast, and pay your alms,
"Pray, fast, and give your charity,
and enter the consecrated state for the holy pilgrimage to Him.
And head to the sacred pilgrimage devoted to Him.
صلةthe bond of العبادthe servants بربهمwith their Lord صلواتهمtheir prayers
صلة العباد بربهم صلواتهم
الفردthe odd-numbered منamong مفروضهاtheir prescribed forms والتوأمand the paired
الفرد من مفروضها والتوأم
The servants' bond with their Lord is their prayers,
The contact of servants with their Lord is their prayers,
the odd and the paired among the obligatory ones.
The individual and the paired.
والصومand fasting فيهin it صحةhealth وتطوعand voluntary devotion
والصوم فيه صحة وتطوع
وبهand through it الإرادةthe will بالهوىover desire تتحكمgains mastery
وبه الإرادة بالهوى تتحكم
In fasting are health and voluntary devotion,
And fasting is health and voluntary,
and through it the will gains mastery over desire.
Through it desire is controlled.
ولوand if only أنناwe نؤتيpaid الزكاةzakat بحقهاaccording to its due
ولو أننا نؤتي الزكاة بحقها
ونصابهاand its qualifying threshold لمwould not يبقremain فيناamong us معدمa destitute person
ونصابها لم يبق فينا معدم
If only we paid zakat as it is rightly due,
If we were to give the charity in its right,
and at its prescribed threshold, none among us would remain destitute.
No deprived one would remain among us.
والحجand pilgrimage مؤتمرa congress of التعارفmutual acquaintance والولاand fellowship
والحج مؤتمر التعارف والولا
للناسfor people إنif جَمَعَgathers الوفودَthe delegations الموسمthe pilgrimage season
للناس إن جَمَعَ الوفودَ الموسم
Pilgrimage is a congress of mutual acquaintance and fellowship
And the pilgrimage is the conference of acquaintance and loyalty,
for people, if the season brings the delegations together.
When the delegations of the season gather."
لاno فرقdistinction بينbetween أعاربArabs وأعاجمand non-Arabs
لا فرق بين أعارب وأعاجم
منwhoever يتقيfears مولاهhis Lord فهوthen he is الأكرمthe most honored
من يتقي مولاه فهو الأكرم
There is no distinction between Arabs and non-Arabs;
There is no difference between Arab and non-Arab,
whoever fears his Lord is the most honored.
He who fears his Master is the most noble.
والنفسand the soul فيماfor what قدhas جنتهearned it رهينةheld in pledge
والنفس فيما قد جنته رهينة
يومon the Day of القيامةResurrection إذwhen يجازىis requited المجرمthe offender
يوم القيامة إذ يجازى المجرم
The soul is held in pledge for what it has earned,
And the self is hostage to what it has earned,
on Resurrection Day, when the offender is requited.
On Judgement Day when the sinner is punished.
دينa faith يلائمsuits كلevery شعبpeople فيin الورىhumankind
دين يلائم كل شعب في الورى
وبكلand in every قطرland شاسعfar-flung يتأقلمadapts
وبكل قطر شاسع يتأقلم
A faith suited to every people in the world,
A religion fitting for every people on earth,
adapting to every far-flung land,
Adapting to every vast region.
يدعوcalls إلىto أسمىthe loftiest الكمالperfection وأعدلand the fairest
يدعو إلى أسمى الكمال وأعدل
التشريعlegislation لاno ظلمinjustice ولاand no متظلمone complaining of injustice
التشريع لا ظلم ولا متظلم
calling to the loftiest perfection and the fairest
It calls to the highest perfection and most just
legislation—no injustice and no one aggrieved.
Legislation - no injustice or oppressed.
قدindeed جاءَcame يأمرenjoining بالعبادةworship والتقىand piety
قد جاءَ يأمر بالعبادة والتقى
منfrom غيرother than رهبنةmonasticism تميتkills وتعدمand impoverishes
من غير رهبنة تميت وتعدم
It came enjoining worship and piety,
It came commanding worship and piety,
without monasticism that kills and impoverishes.
Without monasticism that kills and nullifies.
للطيباتfor wholesome things محللmaking lawful يدعوcalls إلىto الthe
للطيبات محلل يدعو إلى ال
قصدmoderation الوسيطthe middle وللخبيثand for the foul محرمforbidding
قصد الوسيط وللخبيث محرم
Permitting wholesome things, it calls to the
Permitting normal pleasures, it calls to
moderate middle course, and forbids what is foul.
Moderation - and prohibits the wicked.
تتضاءلdwindle الأديانthe religions حولaround سموهits eminence
تتضاءل الأديان حول سموه
وبهand through it يسودholds sway ولاand not يسادis ruled over المسلمthe Muslim
وبه يسود ولا يساد المسلم
Religions dwindle beside its eminence,
Religions dwindle around its loftiness,
and through it the Muslim holds sway and is not ruled over.
And with it prevails, and none prevail over the Muslim.
لكنناbut we خَلَفٌa later generation خلفناwe succeeded بعدهمafter them
لكننا خَلَفٌ خلفنا بعدهم
ضاعwas lost التراثthe inheritance ووارِثُوهُand its heirs نُوَّمasleep
ضاع التراث ووارِثُوهُ نُوَّم
But we are a later generation who succeeded them;
But we are a successor that came after them,
the inheritance is lost while its heirs sleep.
The heritage is lost and its inheritors are asleep.
المسلمونthe Muslims حياتهمtheir life فيin دينهمtheir religion
المسلمون حياتهم في دينهم
ماas long as أمسكوهthey hold fast to it وويلهمand woe to them إنif أحجمواthey draw back
ما أمسكوه وويلهم إن أحجموا
The Muslims' life lies in their religion,
The lives of Muslims are in their religion,
so long as they hold it fast; woe to them if they draw back.
What they uphold, and woe to them if they refrain.
Sol 6.1